Polymeric micelles containing resveratrol: development, characterization, cytotoxicity on tumor cells and antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of resveratrol, a compound found mainly in grapes, have already been demonstrated. However, its low bioavailability is a limiting factor for therapeutic application. Polymeric micelles can be an approach to solve this problem since they can encapsulate hydrophobic substances. We developed and characterized micellar formulations containing resveratrol and evaluated their cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects. The formulations were prepared by the cold dispersion method with different concentrations of F127 (5 or 10% w/w) and resveratrol (500 or 5000 µM). The formulations were characterized according to size, polydispersity index, pH, encapsulation rate and in vitro release. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated on a bladder cancer cell line and antimicrobial effect was evaluated on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. One of the formulations (10% w/w of F127 and 5000 µM of resveratrol) was a monodispersed solution with high encapsulation rate, thus it was chosen for the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays. MS10+RES-3 was able to preserve the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of resveratrol. This is the first study that evaluated antimicrobial potential and cytotoxicity of micelles containing resveratrol on bladder cancer cells and the results showed that micellar nanostructures could ensure the maintenance of the biological activity of resveratrol

FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COM A VIVÊNCIA E EXPERIÊNCIA NO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE (SUS)

O Programa de Vivências e Experiências na Realidade do SUS (VIVER SUS), traz edições anuais em cidades da região carbonífera, e foi construído no ano de 2013 pela Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC). Este trabalho trata de um relato de experiência que tem como objetivo apresentar as atividades realizadas em campo por intermédio do projeto VIVER SUS, através da imersão acadêmica no município de Urussanga, Santa Catarina, durante o período do dia vinte e três até o dia vinte e cinco do mês de julho de dois mil e dezoito. Os resultados demostraram um processo de imersão prática e teórica dentro do sistema de saúde do município, assim como levantamento de potencialidades e fragilidades na sua infraestrutura organizacional de saúde. Sendo assim, a imersão contribuiu para uma significativa aquisição de conhecimento diante das práticas de uma equipe multiprofissional inserida no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), extremamente importante para o aprendizado dos estudantes e futuros profissionais da saúde, culminando, após vivências e experiências, na reflexão, sabedoria, compreensão e comportamento diante das condições que são enfrentadas no sistema. Além disso, compreendeu-se a importância da associação entre a teoria e a prática do dia-a-dia para atender a comunidade e a necessidade de proporcionar uma visão integral e humanizada no âmbito da saúde pública e coletiva.

Manejo do paciente com microcálculo biliar

Introdução: A litíase biliar é a presença de um ou mais cálculos dentro da vesícula biliar. A litíase biliar tende a ser assintomática, principalmente quando são microcálculos. O sintoma mais comum é a cólica biliar, mas os cálculos não causam dispepsia ou intolerância a alimentos gordurosos. A complicação mais comum decorrente de microcálculos é a pancreatite biliar. Porém, o tratamento tem divergências quanto ao manejo de pacientes com microcálculos. Objetivo: Analisar qual a abordagem mais indicada de manejo ao paciente com microcálculo biliar. Material e método: Análise de artigos e relatos de caso da plataforma Google Acadêmico e Scielo sobre manejo do paciente com microcálculo biliar. Nesse estudo, foram analisadas as condutas mais indicadas para pacientes com microcálculos biliares. Resultados: O microcálculo biliar, é uma doença que merece especial destaque no cenário de saúde, pois apesar de ser assintomático e consequentemente de difícil manejo dos pacientes, se não tratado devidamente pode representar sérios riscos de maiores complicações, como a pancreatite aguda, doença com morbimortalidade expressiva de diagnóstico simples. É válido ressaltar que, segundo consta no livro Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver Biliary Tract and Pancreas (2016), a incidência da litíase biliar aumenta com a idade em qualquer grupo étnico, possuindo várias condições que predispõem à formação de cálculos, incluindo as congênitas e as adquiridas dentre os diversos fatores de risco. Assim, é fundamental ter um diagnóstico precoce da formação de microcálculo biliar, principalmente quando o paciente se enquadra nos fatores de risco, como: a obesidade ou a rápida perda de peso, como em pacientes sujeitos à cirurgia bariátrica, baixos níveis de atividade física e dietas hipercalóricas. Outros fatores de risco estão relacionados com o uso de alguns fármacos, assim como a história familiar de litíase em parentes de primeiro grau. Visto que em idades elevadas há maior formação de microcálculos e, geralmente, também há comorbidades, como excesso de peso, hipercolesterolemia e uso regular de fármacos predisponentes para a litíase biliar, é necessário investigar a existência de microcálculos. Caso seja diagnosticado, o mais indicado a ser feito, segundo os artigos estudados, é o acompanhamento rotineiro e, se necessário, realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos a fim de evitar complicações, como a pancreatite aguda. Conclusão: Através da análise dos resultados sobre a presença de microcálculo biliar, é possível concluir que complicações como pancreatite aguda apresentam uma íntima relação com a litíase biliar. Percebe-se também, que a incidência desses microcálculos aumenta de acordo com a idade e com o uso de alguns fármacos. Sendo assim, fundamental um diagnóstico precoce para realizar o acompanhamento periódico da evolução dos microcálculos e, caso tenha risco de haver complicações, faça a abordagem cirúrgica antecipadamente, principalmente em pacientes que se enquadrem nos fatores de risc

Testagem, Quarentena e Telemonitoramento Da Covid-19 na Atenção Básica: Reflexões das Experiências da Gestão e Assistência

The initial cases of Covid-19, originating in China, triggered a pandemic, exposing deficiencies in the healthcare system. The project "Expansion of Testing, Quarantine, and Telemonitoring Strategies to Contribute to Confronting the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil" emerged in response to this crisis. This article aims to recount the project's experience in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic in primary healthcare. Monitors operated between June 2022 and February 2023 in Family Health Units and Basic Health Units in Salvador, Bahia. Their activities included supporting the implementation of the strategy, resource organization, conducting sociobehavioral research, and providing guidance to healthcare workers and users. The participation of monitors as intermediaries between healthcare professionals, bureaucratic demands, and users facilitated communication, testing, and research. Outreach strategies, such as meetings, local radio broadcasts, social media, and the distribution of pamphlets, resulted in increased community adherence to testing and participation in the research. However, challenges emerged due to insecurity in certain neighborhoods, impacting access to healthcare services. The contribution of monitors to the expansion of the strategy strengthened the research, enabling the systematization of care, dynamic operations, and ensuring qualified and safe attention.Los primeros casos de Covid-19, originados en China, desencadenaron una pandemia, evidenciando deficiencias en el sistema de salud. El proyecto "Expansión de Estrategias de Pruebas, Cuarentena y Telemonitoreo para Contribuir en la Enfrentamiento de la Pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil" surgió como respuesta a esta crisis. Este artículo busca relatar la experiencia del proyecto en la lucha contra la pandemia de Covid-19 en la atención primaria de la salud. Los monitores trabajaron entre junio de 2022 y febrero de 2023 en Unidades de Salud de la Familia y Unidades Básicas de Salud en Salvador, Bahía. Sus actividades incluyeron apoyo a la implementación de la estrategia, organización de recursos, aplicación de investigaciones sociocomportamentales y orientación a trabajadores de la salud y usuarios. La participación de los monitores como mediadores entre profesionales de la salud, demandas burocráticas y usuarios facilitó la comunicación, la realización de pruebas y la investigación. Estrategias de divulgación, como reuniones, radios locales, redes sociales y distribución de folletos, resultaron en una mayor adhesión comunitaria a las pruebas y en la participación en la investigación. Sin embargo, surgieron desafíos debido a la inseguridad en ciertos barrios, afectando el acceso a los servicios de salud. La contribución de los monitores en la expansión de la estrategia fortaleció la investigación, permitiendo la sistematización de la asistencia, operaciones dinámicas y garantizando atención calificada y segura.Os primeiros casos de Covid-19, originados na China, desencadearam uma pandemia, evidenciando deficiências no sistema de saúde. O projeto "Expansão das Estratégias de Testagem, Quarentena e Telemonitoramento para Contribuir no Enfrentamento da Pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil" surgiu como resposta a essa crise. Este artigo busca relatar a experiência dos de projeto no enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19 na atenção básica à saúde. Os monitores atuaram entre junho de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023 em Unidades de Saúde da Família e Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Salvador, Bahia. Suas atividades incluíram apoio à implementação da estratégia, organização de recursos, aplicação de pesquisas sociocomportamentais e orientação a trabalhadores da saúde e usuários. A participação dos monitores como mediadores entre profissionais de saúde, demandas burocráticas e usuários facilitou a comunicação, a realização de testes e a pesquisa. Estratégias de divulgação, como reuniões, rádios locais, redes sociais e distribuição de folhetos, resultaram em maior adesão comunitária aos testes e na participação na pesquisa. Contudo, desafios surgiram devido à insegurança em determinados bairros, impactando o acesso aos serviços de saúde. A contribuição dos monitores na expansão da estratégia fortaleceu a pesquisa, permitindo a sistematização da assistência, operações dinâmicas e garantindo atenção qualificada e segura

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions