Harm reduction measures in the Czech prison: availability and distribution of condoms from the perspective of prisoners

Background: The diploma thesis deals with the topic of prisons as a risky environment in relation to the transmission of infectious diseases. The condom distribution in prison settings is one of possible harm reduction interventions in terms of preventing the transmission of infectious diseases among prison population and in general society. Aims: The aim of the work is to map the availability and distribution of condoms and its perception from the prisoners' point of view in Prague-Pankrác Prison, where the distribution took place. The work also deals with the risky behaviour of convicts, through which infectious diseases are transmitted. File: The group of respondents consists of prisoners who served their sentences in two randomly selected wards where condoms were distributed. The data were collected in two waves, in which a total of 160 and 190 prisoners participated. The composition of the sample changed during the research due to the natural fluctuation of people who were accused and convicted in prisons and, in addition, due to a change in the law on the execution of sentences of imprisonment. Methods: The process evaluation was chosen for the research. A questionnaire study and a subsequent descriptive analysis of the data was performed. The first wave of data collection took place 1 month...Východiska: Diplomová práce se věnuje tématu věznic jako rizikovému prostředí v souvislosti s přenosem infekčních onemocnění. Distribuce kondomů ve věznicích je jednou z možných harm reduction intervencí, prostřednictvím které je možné předcházet šíření infekcí v populaci vězňů a v obecné společnosti. Cíle: Cílem práce je zmapovat dostupnost a distribuci kondomů a její vnímání z pohledu vězňů ve věznici Praha-Pankrác, kde uvedená distribuce probíhala. Práce se zaměřuje také na rizikové chování odsouzených, jehož prostřednictvím může docházet k přenosu infekcí. Soubor: Výzkumný soubor je tvořen odsouzenými, kteří vykonávali výkon trestu odnětí svobody na dvou náhodně vybraných oddílech, kde probíhala distribuce kondomů. Sběr dat byl realizován ve dvou vlnách, kterých se zúčastnilo celkem 160 a 190 odsouzených. Složení výběrového souboru se v průběhu výzkumu změnilo v důsledku přirozené fluktuace obviněných a odsouzených ve věznicích a také z důvodu změny zákona o výkonu trestu odnětí svobody. Metody: Pro výzkum byla zvolena evaluace procesu. Byla provedena dotazníková studie a následná deskriptivní analýza dat. První vlna sběru dat proběhla 1 měsíc po zavedení distribuce kondomů na oddílech a druhá vlna proběhla 12 měsíců po zavedení distribuce na oddílech. Výsledky: Z výsledných dat vyplývá, že...Department of Addictology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in PragueKlinika adiktologie 1. LF UK a VFN1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

Students’ attitudes to PE lessons with respect to lesson content, sex, and type of school

Although school work is typical by its sedentariness, school as an institution has undoubted potential to influence total physical activity of students, particularly due to regular physical education. The main aim of this paper is to describe school PE lessons with various content from the aspects of 1) number of steps referred to physical load of students and 2) students’ attitudes to realized PE lessons, with regard to sex of participants and type of school the students attended. All presented data were gathered within teaching practices of PE students at secondary schools and high schools in the Czech Republic during 2012. The sample consisted of 734 boys and 590 girls. To measure number of steps within PE lessons, participants wore the Yamax pedometers. To collect relevant data on participating students’ attitudes toward realized PE lessons, the standardized questionnaire “Diagnostics of PE lesson for students” was applied. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to process the data comparisons. Mean number of steps realized during the school PE lessons was higher in boys (secondary schools: 57.80±22.92 steps·min-1; high schools: 59.25±19.54 steps·min-1) than in girls (secondary schools: 50.04±20.00 steps·min-1; high schools: 42.50±14.99 steps·min-1). The highest number of steps was detected in PE lessons focused on sports games (especially basketball and football). The questionnaire data did not reveal any specific trends in attitudes towards various PE lessons regarding sex or type of school within the overall evaluation. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in partial comparisons. These analyses might be helpful when considering efforts aimed at increasing efficiency of PE lessons through thinking over levels of physical load, selection of content or educational methods and forms.This article was supported by the IGA project “Association between self-perceived physical fitness of pupils and their attitude to Physical Education lessons: Use of pedometers” (FTK:2013:010), funded by the Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University in Olomouc

Different Perception of Health Status and Importance of Physical Activity among Croatian, Slovak and Czech Youth

The main aim of the study was to compare self-perception of health status and importance of physical activity in students in Croatia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. We used a self-designed questionnaire originally prepared in the Slovak language that was translated in mother languages for Czech and Croatian students. The questionnaire consists of five parts (we focused only on one part – physical activity and health) and basic demographical data. We obtained 1,368 questionnaires from first and last grade of high school students. For answers to 15 statements, students used 5-point Likert scale. Health status was perceived as excellent or very good by large portion of Croatian boys compared to Czech and Slovak boys. Physical activity helps students to be fit and to better assess situation in real life. Importance of physical activity should be promoted because not only does it make people fit but also helps them work, study, and relax better

The Concept of the Implementation of Present Evidence-based Knowledge and Technology into the Preparation of Sport Professionals

AbstractThe study assesses the feasibility of the concept of professional preparation of sport teachers and instructors that attempts to connect education and research activities with the emphasis on presenting evidence-based knowledge and new technologies. The seven-year-long international study involved 670-850 university students annually. Students participated directly in the research activities that were in compliance with the curricula of sport education study programs. The presented educational model describes possibilities and major limits how to provide dozens evidence-based knowledge of prospective sport professionals in the areas of physical activity monitoring, self-assessment of physical fitness and evaluation of sport preferences

Is Participation in After-School Physical Activity Associated with Increased Total Physical Activity? A Study of High School Pupils in the Czech Republic

This study assessed the physical activity (PA) levels and its variability across days, months and seasons of two groups of high school pupils: those who did and those who did not participate in regular organized after-school physical activity (ASPA). Thirteen pupils wore pedometers continuously for one school-year, logged their step counts into record sheets and were then interviewed for information as regards their participation in any ASPA. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that regardless of the day, month and season, ASPA pupils achieved significantly more mean step counts/day than the non-ASPA pupils. There were no significant fluctuations across months and seasons in PA levels of ASPA pupils when compared to non-ASPA pupils. We conclude that regular organised ASPA might increase the pupils’ total PA levels; and could help to maintain a relatively constant PA level for adolescents across the whole school-year regardless of the influences of a range of weather and meteorological indicators that are related to months/seasons

Life in Health 2021: Research and Practice

This proceedings contain a selection of papers from the international interdisciplinary conference Life in Health 2021, which took place from 9 to 10 September 2021 in the Czech Republic at the Faculty of Education, Masaryk University. The papers focus on general as well as specific approaches to public health protection and promotion. The findings presented are based on research data and are applicable in health education and general education of children and the whole population

Injecting drug use and other infectious-related risks among prisoners - situation and prevention

Prisons are a risk environment in terms of presence of injecting drug use and infectious diseases. Prisoners should be able to access harm reduction programs. Within the framework of the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases among prisoners, a pilot project (HA-REACT) was implemented during which there were condom vending machines installed in 2 randomly selected departments of Prague-Pankrác Prison. I was able to get involved in the project implementation. The aim of my research was to determine the incidence rate of infectious diseases and risk behaviour among prisoners in the Prague-Pankrác prison. The investigated risk behaviour concerned the injecting drug use, sharing equipment for injecting drug use, practising of sex and the use of condoms. Interest was also paid to using and evaluating the condom vending machines at the end of the 1 month period during which they were available to the prisoners. Within the framework of the evaluation of the pilot distribution of condoms, the NMS conducted a questionnaire survey at 2 prisons, the evaluation of which was provided to me. The respondents of the questionnaire were prisoners who had a condom vending machine available for 1 month. I divided the respondents into 3 age groups, picked out questions from the questionnaire which I had..

Perception and Interpretation of Fractions by Pupils in the 5th Grade of Primary School

The essential part of this diploma thesis is a classification of works obtained from an investigation aimed on determination of conceptions of fractions by pupils in the fifth form of the primary school. The experiment consists of four tasks, which were given to children in four different classes. I have classified produced works according to bases of division, which I had established. Mainly concerned classifications are the thematic classifying, classifying in accordance with the "type of children's works" and classifying based on occurred interpretations of fractions. I was trying to find such criterions that would state in evidence of what conceptions and knowledge of fractions do the pupils in the fifth form have. According to gained results I think that I fulfilled this goal. When I was sorting the works of children, I found out that there is a huge amount of large-scaled works that can become basis for another research

Legal Regulation of Work of Children and Young Employees

This thesis analyses the legal regulation of artistic, cultural, sporting and advertising activity of children and working conditions of youthful employees. The first chapters deal with the historical evolution of this legal regulation in the area of the Czech Republic, international legal regulation and legal regulation in the European Union. The focus of this thesis is laid on the contemporary legal regulation of work of children and youthful employees, especially in relation with the Act of Employment number 435/2004 Sb., the Labour Code number 262/2006 Sb. and the Civil Code number 89/2012 Sb. Attention is also paid to the comparison of this legal regulation in Slovakia and Germany