О повышении экономической и экологической эффективности процесса водоприготовления

The paper contains results of the investigations pertaining to specific volume and composition of neutral and acid portions of the used reclaiming solution of H-cationic filters used in a chemical desalting plant. The filters operate in accordance with small run-off technology and they are applied for regeneration of Na-cationic filter and acidification of limed water for replenishment of a heating system.Приведены результаты исследований удельного объема и составов нейтральных и кислых частей отработанного регенерационного раствора Н-катионитных фильтров химобессоливающей установки, работающих по малосточной технологии и использование их для регенерации Ка-катионитного фильтра и подкисления известкованной воды для подпитки тепловой сети

Pore Characteristics for Efficient CO2 Storage in Hydrated Carbons

Development of new approaches for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is important in both scientific and technological aspects. One of the emerging methods in CO2 capture research is based on the use of gas-hydrate crystallization in confined porous media. Pore dimensions and surface functionality of the pores play important roles in the efficiency of CO2 capture. In this report, we summarize work on several porous carbons (PCs) that differ in pore dimensions that range from supermicropores to mesopores, as well as surfaces ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Water was imbibed into the PCs, and the CO2 uptake performance, in dry and hydrated forms, was determined at pressures of up to 54 bar to reveal the influence of pore characteristics on the efficiency of CO2 capture and storage. The final hydrated carbon materials had H2O-to-carbon weight ratios of 1.5:1. Upon CO2 capture, the H2O/CO2 molar ratio was found to be as low as 1.8, which indicates a far greater CO2 capture capacity in hydrated PCs than ordinarily seen in CO2-hydrate formations, wherein the H2O/CO2 ratio is 5.72. Our mechanistic proposal for attainment of such a low H2O/CO2 ratio within the PCs is based on the finding that most of the CO2 is captured in gaseous form within micropores of diameter less than 2 nm, wherein it is blocked by external CO2-hydrate formations generated in the larger mesopores. Therefore, to have efficient high-pressure CO2 capture by this mechanism, it is necessary to have PCs with a wide pore size distribution consisting of both micropores and mesopores. Furthermore, we found that hydrated microporous or supermicroporous PCs do not show any hysteretic CO2 uptake behavior, which indicates that CO2 hydrates cannot be formed within micropores of diameter 1–2 nm. Alternatively, mesoporous and macroporous carbons can accommodate higher yields of CO2 hydrates, which potentially limits the CO2 uptake capacity in those larger pores to a H2O/CO2 ratio of 5.72. We found that high nitrogen content prevents the formation of CO2 hydrates presumably due to their destabilization and associated increase in system entropy via stronger noncovalent interactions between the nitrogen functional groups and H2O or CO2

Changing the Potential Energy and the Interaction Force of a Diatomic Molecule

In order to break the interatomic bonds, a transition needs to occur from a state of stable equilibrium into a state of unstable equilibrium. The fracture occurs for lower dissociation levels of energy, which depends on the number of elements in the chain, which shows that the discrepancy bet

Oxygen-rich microporous carbons with exceptional hydrogen storage capacity

Porous carbons have been extensively investigated for hydrogen storage but, to date, appear to have an upper limit to their storage capacity. Here, in an effort to circumvent this upper limit, we explore the potential of oxygen-rich activated carbons. We describe cellulose acetatederived carbons that combine high surface area (3800 m2 g-1) and pore volume (1.8 cm3 g-1) that arise almost entirely (> 90%) from micropores, with an oxygen-rich nature. The carbons exhibit enhanced gravimetric hydrogen uptake (8.1 wt% total, and 7.0 wt% excess) at -196 ºC and 20 bar, rising to a total uptake of 8.9 wt% at 30 bar, and exceptional volumetric uptake of 44 g l-1 at 20 bar, and 48 g l-1 at 30 bar. At room temperature they store up to 0.8 wt% (excess) and 1.2 wt% (total) hydrogen at only 30 bar, and their isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption is above 10 kJ mol-1

Improvement of Economical and Ecological Efficiency of Water Preparation Process

The paper contains results of the investigations pertaining to specific volume and composition of neutral and acid portions of the used reclaiming solution of H-cationic filters used in a chemical desalting plant. The filters operate in accordance with small run-off technology and they are applied for regeneration of Na-cationic filter and acidification of limed water for replenishment of a heating system

MORE DEVELOPMENT OF BANKS 'MONETARY, CRYPTO CURRENCY AND BLOCKCHAIN POLICY IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

In the current context of the development of monetary and financial relations in the banking system of Uzbekistan, it is important to study the exchange and characteristics of blockchain and cryptocurrencies, which are their innovative forms

An overview of Kura-Araxes funerary practices in the Southern Caucasus

International audienceAlthough many excavations have been carried out on sites of the Kura-Araxes culture (3500-2400 BC) in the Southern Caucasus since 1940, no overall study has been made about the funerary practices of the populations. This article presents a synthesis of the information by combining earlier and more recent excavation data with a new viewpoint, the archaeothanatology methods. Across the whole region, 111 sites with burials have been discovered. The burials can be divided into six categories: cists, tombs built in various forms, horseshoe-shaped tombs, pit tombs without surface evidence, tombs indicated on the surface by small heaps of stones, and kurgans. Maps of the sites distribution were established according to the different types of tombs identifi ed and the ways in which the deceased were deposited. The use of archaeothanatological methods provides a better comprehension of the body deposits and enables to identify unsuspected burial practices.Malgré le grand nombre de fouilles menées sur des sites de la culture Kura-Araxe (3500-2400 av. J.-C.) dans le Sud Caucase depuis 1940, aucune synthèse n'a été réalisée sur les pratiques funéraires des populations. Cet article présente donc un essai de synthèse en intégrant les données des fouilles anciennes et récentes avec un nouveau regard, celui de l'archéothanatologie. Sur l'ensemble du Sud Caucase, 111 sites où la présence de sépultures est attestée ont été recensés. Les sépultures ont pu être réparties en six catégories : les cistes, les tombes construites de formes variables, les tombes en fer à cheval, les tombes en fosse sans signalement, les tombes signalées en surface par des petits amas de pierres et les kourganes. Des cartes de répartition des sites ont été établies en fonction des différents types de tombes identifi és et des modes de dépôt des défunts. Les méthodes de l'archéothanatologie ont permis de mieux appréhender les modes de dépôt et de mettre en évidence des gestes insoupçonnés

More Development of Banks 'Monetary, Crypto Currency and Blockchain Policy in the Digital Economy

In the current context of the development of monetary and financial relations in the banking system of Uzbekistan, it is important to study the exchange and characteristics of blockchain and cryptocurrencies, which are their innovative forms

Preliminary results of the excavations at Qaraçinar (Azerbaijan) and new data on the “Kura-Araxes - Early Kurgans” transition on the Eastern Piedmont of the Lesser Caucasus

The factors that determined the disappearance of Kura-Araxes communities around the middle of the third millennium are unknown, and the dynamics of socio-cultural transformation during the second half of the third millennium are still unclear throughout the South Caucasus. In this paper, we summarize the state of the art related to the social and cultural developments of the third millennium in western Azerbaijan (namely along the valley of the Kura River), which is still fragmentary and very heterogenous in terms of nature of the archaeological evidence. Next, we present data from new excavations and research conducted at Qaraçinar (Goranboy district) on the eastern piedmont of the Lesser Caucasus within the framework of the ANR-DFG KUR(A)GAN project. Qaraçinar documents an occupation that dates to both the Kura-Araxes and Bedeni periods and that has never previously been documented in the region. In the final section of this paper, the absolute dates of Qaraçinar are compared with those of the ‘Martqopi’ kurgans of the Kura River Valley to reconstruct a novel cultural sequence of western Azerbaijan following the end of the Kura-Araxes period