Pengelolaan Program Vocational Skill dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Peserta Didik SKB Negeri Surabaya

The vocational skill program is one of the activities carried out at the Surabaya State SKB with the aim of increasing competence and exploring the potential of students through the skills provided. The increasing competence of Surabaya State SKB students is one of the backgrounds of this research. This research is a research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects were school principals, tutors and Surabaya State SKB students. Data collection was carried out in three ways, namely participatory observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study are data condensation, data display and conclusions. The validity of this research data uses prolong engagement, triangulation of data sources, triangulation of data collection methods and member checks. The results of this study indicate that the management of vocational skill programs can improve students' competencies including cognitive competence, affective competence and pricomotor competence.Program vocational skill merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di SKB Negeri Surabaya dengan tujuan meningkatkan kompetensi dan menggali potensi peserta didik melalui keterampilan-keterampilan yang diberikan. Meningkatnya kompetensi peserta didik SKB Negeri Surabaya menjadi salah satu latar belakang dari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif desktiptif. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, guru pamong dan peserta didik SKB Negeri Surabaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga cara yakni observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini yakni kondensasi data, display data dan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data penelitian ini menggunakan prolong engagement, triangulasi sumber data, triangulasi metode pengumpulan data dan member check. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan program vocational skill dapat meningkatkan kompetensi peserta didik meliputi kompetensi kognitif, kompetensi afektif dan kompetensi prikomotorik

Assessing and enhancing migration of human myogenic progenitors using directed iPS cell differentiation and advanced tissue modelling

Muscle satellite stem cells (MuSCs) are responsible for skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Despite their differentiation potential, human MuSCs have limited in vitro expansion and in vivo migration capacity, limiting their use in cell therapies for diseases affecting multiple skeletal muscles. Several protocols have been developed to derive MuSC-like progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (hiPSCs) to establish a source of myogenic cells with controllable proliferation and differentiation. However, current hiPSC myogenic derivatives also suffer from limitations of cell migration, ultimately delaying their clinical translation. Here we use a multi-disciplinary approach including bioinformatics and tissue engineering to show that DLL4 and PDGF-BB improve migration of hiPSC-derived myogenic progenitors. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that this property is conserved across species and multiple hiPSC lines, consistent with results from single cell motility profiling. Treated cells showed enhanced trans-endothelial migration in transwell assays. Finally, increased motility was detected in a novel humanised assay to study cell migration using 3D artificial muscles, harnessing advanced tissue modelling to move hiPSCs closer to future muscle gene and cell therapies

A phase 2 trial of consolidation pembrolizumab following concurrent chemoradiation for patients with unresectable stage III non–small cell lung cancer: Hoosier Cancer Research Network LUN 14-179

Background Five-year overall survival (OS) for patients with unresectable stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. Until recently, a standard of care was concurrent chemoradiation alone. Patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with anti–programmed death 1 antibodies have demonstrated improved OS. This trial evaluated pembrolizumab as consolidation therapy after concurrent chemoradiation in patients with unresectable stage III disease. Methods Patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC received concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin and etoposide, cisplatin and pemetrexed, or carboplatin and paclitaxel and 59.4 to 66.6 Gy of radiation. Patients with nonprogression of disease were enrolled and received pembrolizumab (200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 12 months). The primary endpoint was the time to metastatic disease or death (TMDD). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. Results The median follow-up for 93 patients (92 for efficacy) was 32.2 months (range, 1.2-46.6 months). The median TMDD was 30.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.7 months to not reached), which was significantly longer than the historical control of 12 months (P < .0001). The median PFS was 18.7 months (95% CI, 12.4-33.8 months), and the median OS was 35.8 months (95% CI, 24.2 months to not reached). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS estimates were 81.2%, 62.0%, and 48.5%, respectively. Forty patients (43.5%) completed 12 months of treatment (median number of cycles, 13.5). Symptomatic pneumonitis (grade 2 or higher) was noted in 16 patients (17.2%); these cases included 4 grade 3 events (4.3%), 1 grade 4 event (1.1%), and 1 grade 5 event (1.1%). Conclusions Consolidation pembrolizumab after concurrent chemoradiation improves TMDD, PFS, and OS in comparison with historical controls of chemoradiation alone. Rates of grade 3 to 5 pneumonitis were similar to those reported with chemoradiation alone

The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy. Methods: Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored. Results: A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays. Conclusions: IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

ACTIN CYTOSKELETON SELF-ORGANIZATION IN EPITHELIAL CELLS

Ph.DPH.D. IN MECHANOBIOLOGY (FOS

Native glycosylation and binding of the antidepressant paroxetine in a low-resolution crystal structure of human myeloperoxidase.

Human myeloperoxidase (MPO) utilizes hydrogen peroxide to oxidize organic compounds and as such plays an essential role in cell-component synthesis, in metabolic and elimination pathways, and in the front-line defence against pathogens. Moreover, MPO is increasingly being reported to play a role in inflammation. The enzymatic activity of MPO has also been shown to depend on its glycosylation. Mammalian MPO crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) present only a partial identification of their glycosylation. Here, a newly obtained crystal structure of MPO containing four disulfide-linked dimers and showing an elaborate collection of glycans is reported. These are compared with the glycans identified in proteomics studies and from 18 human MPO structures available in the PDB. The crystal structure also contains bound paroxetine, a blocker of serotonin reuptake that has previously been identified as an irreversible inhibitor of MPO, in the presence of thiocyanate, a physiological substrate of MPO.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

hBN nanoparticle-assisted rapid thermal cycling for the detection of acanthamoeba

Acanthamoeba are widely distributed in the environment and are known to cause blinding keratitis and brain infections with greater than 90% mortality rate. Currently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and promising technique in Acanthamoeba detection. Remarkably, the rate of heating–cooling and convective heat transfer of the PCR tube is limited by low thermal conductivity of the reagents mixture. The addition of nanoparticles to the reaction has been an interesting approach that could augment the thermal conductivity of the mixture and subsequently enhance heat transfer through the PCR tube. Here, we have developed hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticle-based PCR assay for the rapid detection of Acanthamoeba to amplify DNA from low amoeba cell density. As low as 1 × 10 −4 wt % was determined as the optimum concentration of hBN nanoparticles, which increased Acanthamoeba DNA yield up to ~16%. Further, it was able to reduce PCR temperature that led to a ~2.0-fold increase in Acanthamoeba DNA yield at an improved PCR specificity at 46.2 °C low annealing temperature. hBN nanoparticles further reduced standard PCR step time by 10 min and cycles by eight; thus, enhancing Acanthamoeba detection rapidly. Enhancement of Acanthamoeba PCR DNA yield is possibly due to the high adsorption affinity of hBN nanoparticles to purine (Guanine—G) due to the higher thermal conductivity achieved in the PCR mixture due to the addition of hBN. Although further research is needed to demonstrate these findings in clinical application, we propose that the interfacial layers, Brownian motion, and percolation network contribute to the enhanced thermal conductivity effec

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG STICKLERS

Introduction: Growth retardation in weight and height was reported among patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA).The growth retardation, delayed sexual development and poor immunologic response are possibly due to the under nutritional state associated with the disease. The active metabolic state observed in sicklers is due to an increase in the synthesis of Hb, cardiac work, cell turnover, and a decrease in appetite and intake. Objectives: Tto compare anthropometric measurement (weight, height and body mass index (BMI) ) between sicklers and normal children and to study factors related to the nutritional status of sicklers. Patients and methods: This comparative hospital based study based study done among sicklers and control group using a questionnaire. Results: Stunted weight (less than 3rd centile) was observed in 49 (56.3%) sicklers compared to 9(11.4%) controls, 38(43.7%) sicklers and 51(64.6%) controls had their weight in the range between 5th-95th centile while 30(34.5%) sicklers and 7(8.9%) controls had their height less than 5th centile. A total of 40(46%) sicklers and 53(67.1%) control had a height outside the range of than 5th-95th percentile ,however it was observed that 17(19.5%) sicklers had their height more than 95th compared to 19(24%) controls. BMI was recorded as less than 5thin 51(58.7%) of the sicklers compared to7(8.9%) in the controls. Children from low social class were recorded in79.6%, 63.3% and 78.4%of weight, height and BMI stunting respectively .Finally stunting in weight, height and BMI was more obvious in older children. Conclusion: Most of sickle cell anemia patients had weight and body mass index retardation, this problem was mostly observed towards adolescent age