Diseño de la transición del protocolo IPV4 hacia IPV6 en la Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración-ACR con base en consideraciones de seguridad en implementación de IPV6

Software inteligente y convergencia tecnológicaEl objetivo del documento es servir de instrumento para el diseño de la transición de IPv4 a IPv6 para la Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración a través de una guía metodológica, donde se especifica paso a paso las tareas a desarrollar para poder realizar el diseño de la transición.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Seguridad de Rede

Spray Drying of Xoconostle Juice: Interaction of Microstructure, Function, and Drying Operation Conditions

The xoconostle fruit (Opuntia matudae) is rich in polysaccharides, soluble fiber, simple phenols, betalains, and ascorbic acid. However, its consumption is limited due to its high acidity. Spray drying could be a technological option to strengthen the sustainability of xoconostle giving a re-valorization as a possible natural additive for the food industry. The food powders have to be designed considering aspects related to the effect of processing conditions on final quality properties; in this case, the effect of different drying air temperatures was evaluated on moisture content, water activity (Aw), glass transition temperature, microstructure, antioxidant activity, phenolic, and betalain compounds. For all cases, the drying air temperature had a positive effect on physical stability, at low levels of water activity and moisture content, and glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased. The biological functionality (assessed through phenolics, betalain compounds, and antioxidant activity) was also kept constant for all processing conditions investigated. However, the most evident changes were observed at microscopic scale analyzed through morphometric parameters

Folk medicine in the northern coast of Colombia: an overview

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Traditional remedies are an integral part of Colombian culture. Here we present the results of a three-year study of ethnopharmacology and folk-medicine use among the population of the Atlantic Coast of Colombia, specifically in department of Bolívar. We collected information related to different herbal medicinal uses of the local flora in the treatment of the most common human diseases and health disorders in the area, and determined the relative importance of the species surveyed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on the use of medicinal plants were collected using structured interviews and through observations and conversations with local communities. A total of 1225 participants were interviewed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Approximately 30 uses were reported for plants in traditional medicine. The plant species with the highest fidelity level (Fl) were <it>Crescentia cujete </it>L. (flu), <it>Eucalyptus globulus </it>Labill. (flu and cough), <it>Euphorbia tithymaloides </it>L. (inflammation), <it>Gliricidia_sepium</it>_(Jacq.) Kunth (pruritic ailments), <it>Heliotropium indicum </it>L. (intestinal parasites) <it>Malachra alceifolia </it>Jacq. (inflammation), <it>Matricaria chamomilla </it>L. (colic) <it>Mentha sativa </it>L. (nervousness), <it>Momordica charantia </it>L. (intestinal parasites), <it>Origanum vulgare </it>L. (earache), <it>Plantago major </it>L. (inflammation) and <it>Terminalia catappa </it>L. (inflammation). The most frequent ailments reported were skin affections, inflammation of the respiratory tract, and gastro-intestinal disorders. The majority of the remedies were prepared from freshly collected plant material from the wild and from a single species only. The preparation of remedies included boiling infusions, extraction of fresh or dry whole plants, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, and seeds. The parts of the plants most frequently used were the leaves. In this study were identified 39 plant species, which belong to 26 families. There was a high degree of consensus from informants on the medical indications of the different species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study presents new research efforts and perspectives on the search for new drugs based on local uses of medicinal plants. It also sheds light on the dependence of rural communities in Colombia on medicinal plants.</p

Potential use of adipose tissue stem cells in the control of aging

Cell therapy with adult stem cells is a new battle front for the control of aging. Before being used for this purpose, we need to answer several basic questions about the biochemistry and physiology of these cells. This paper presents some aspects and preliminary results obtained in our laboratory using stem cells from adipose tissue.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BFU 2010 2088

Rentabilidad privada de las granjas porcinas en el sur del Estado de México

La rentabilidad privada y la eficiencia de los costos privados son indicadores de competitividad en las granjas porcinas. El presente estudio se realizó en el Sur del Estado de México en 2006, y se basó en información proveniente de sesenta porcicultores de traspatio, dos de granjas semitecnificadas y una tecnificada. La Matriz de Análisis de Política fue el método usado y consiste en una serie de matrices de coeficientes técnicos y de precios de los insumos y del producto, con los que se derivó la matriz de presupuesto privado. Los tres sistemas productivos presentaron una rentabilidad positiva a precios privados, que variaron de 11 a 13 %. Asimismo, las relaciones de costo privado se situaron entre 0.53 y 0.58, lo que sugiere una alta competitividad. Para 2006 se concluyó que la producción porcícola de los sistemas mencionados permitió pagar el valor de mercado de factores internos, incluyendo la tasa de retorno normal del capital, y que la actividad productiva fue redituable en función de los precios recibidos y pagados

Stroke prevalence among the Spanish elderly: an analysis based on screening surveys

BACKGROUND: This study sought to describe stroke prevalence in Spanish elderly populations and compare it against that of other European countries. METHODS: We identified screening surveys -both published and unpublished- in Spanish populations, which fulfilled specific quality requirements and targeted prevalence of stroke in populations aged 70 years and over. Surveys covering seven geographically different populations with prevalence years in the period 1991–2002 were selected, and the respective authors were then asked to provide descriptions of the methodology and raw age-specific data by completing a questionnaire. In addition, five reported screening surveys in European populations furnished useful data for comparison purposes. Prevalence data were combined, using direct adjustment and logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall study population, resident in central and north-eastern Spain, totalled 10,647 persons and yielded 715 cases. Age-adjusted prevalences, using the European standard population, were 7.3% for men, 5.6% for women, and 6.4% for both sexes. Prevalence was significantly lower in women, OR 0.79 95% CI 0.68–0.93, increased with age, particularly among women, and displayed a threefold spatial variation with statistically significant differences. Prevalences were highest, 8.7%, in suburban, and lowest, 3.8%, in rural populations. Compared to pooled Spanish populations, statistically significant differences were seen in eight Italian populations, OR 1.39 95%CI (1.18–1.64), and in Kungsholmen, Sweden, OR 0.40 95%CI (0.27–0.58). CONCLUSION: Prevalence in central and north-eastern Spain is higher in males and in suburban areas, and displays a threefold geographic variation, with women constituting the majority of elderly stroke sufferers. Compared to reported European data, stroke prevalence in Spain can be said to be medium and presents similar age- and sex-specific traits

PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Hoy en día es imprescindible abordar el problema de los derechos desde una perspectiva holística que integre la posición que el individuo ocupa en la sociedad y el impacto de los hechos sociales sobre su persona. Esta perspectiva va por lo tanto más allá del enfoque clásico de las violaciones a los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos sino, también incluye sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Cualquier enfoque de tipo holístico debe entender al ser humano en su ambiente, social, cultural, natural y en función a todas las estructuras existentes, por más sutiles que sean o invisibles que parezcan. Precisamente este libro permite apreciar la dimensión amplia y compleja del ser en sociedad y las interacciones que de ambas partes se generan y las ramificaciones que producen. No es un ejercicio fácil y los editores de este volumen han logrado un salto cuántico al poder congregar en un solo espacio miradas que en otras circunstancias podrían haber sido opuestas y hasta contrarias a nuestra comprensión de problemas que, en efecto, tienen raíces comunes. El libro está dividido en 5 secciones, El espíritu de los tiempos actuales y los Derechos Humanos, Construcción ciudadana y ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, Violaciones a Derechos Humanos, victimizaciones y su atención, Ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos y situaciones disruptivas y Defensa y defensores de Derechos Humanos.Manuel Gutiérrez Romero Jessica Ruiz Magañ

Antigenotoxic Studies of Different Substances to Reduce the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A

Mycotoxins are produced mainly by the mycelial structure of filamentous fungi, or more specifically, molds. These secondary metabolites are synthesized during the end of the exponential growth phase and appear to have no biochemical significance in fungal growth and development. The contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem for the adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops that result in illnesses and economic losses. The toxic effect of the ingestion of mycotoxins in humans and animals depends on a number of factors including intake levels, duration of exposure, toxin species, mechanisms of action, metabolism, and defense mechanisms. In general, the consumption of contaminated food and feed with mycotoxin induces to neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effect in humans and/or animals. The most significant mycotoxins in terms of public health and agronomic perspective include the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes, fumonisins, patulin, and the ergot alkaloids. Due to the detrimental effects of these mycotoxins, several strategies have been developed in order to reduce the risk of exposure. These include the degradation, destruction, inactivation or removal of mycotoxins through chemical, physical and biological methods. However, the results obtained with these methods have not been optimal, because they may change the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional values of food. Another alternative strategy to prevent or reduce the toxic effects of mycotoxins is by applying antimutagenic agents. These substances act according to several extra- or intracellular mechanisms, their main goal being to avoid the interaction of mycotoxins with DNA; as a consequence of their action, these agents would inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. This article reviews the main strategies used to control AFB1 and ochratoxin A and contains an analysis of some antigenotoxic substances that reduce the DNA damage caused by these mycotoxins

A divisão sexual do trabalho comunitário: Migrantes peruanos, informalidade e reprodução da vida em Córdoba, Argentina

Este artículo se propone indagar acerca de los modos de organización del trabajo comunitario que involucra a hombres y mujeres migrantes que habitan barrios de relegación urbana de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina). En particular, y a partir de los aportes teóricos de la economía feminista y los resultados de un trabajo de campo cualitativo con población migrante peruana en Córdoba, reflexiona sobre la división y jerarquización de género presente en el trabajo comunitario. El argumento principal afirma que, en escenarios de creciente informalización de la vida cotidiana migrante, lo comunitario resulta ser un factor tanto de sostenimiento y consolidación de los espacios donde reside un amplio conjunto de migrantes regionales como de subsistencia barrial y familiar.This article inquires about the ways of organizing community work involving male and female migrants who inhabit urban relegation neighborhoods in the city of Córdoba (Argentina). In particular, and based on the theoretical contributions of feminist economics and the results of qualitative field work with the Peruvian migrant population in Córdoba, it reflects upon the division and hierarchical organization of gender roles in community work. The main argument is that, in contexts of increasing informalization of migrant daily life, the community turns out to be a factor for sustaining and consolidating the spaces where a large group of regional migrants resides as well as a factor of neighborhood and family subsistence.Este artigo se propõe a indagar sobre os modos de organização do trabalho comunitário que envolve homens e mulheres migrantes que habitam bairros de relegação urbana da cidade de Córdoba (Argentina). Em particular, e a partir das colaborações teóricas da economia feminista e dos resultados de um trabalho de campo qualitativo com população migrante peruana em Córdoba, reflete sobre a divisão e hierarquização de gênero presente no trabalho comunitário. O argumento principal afirma que, em cenários de crescente infodos espaços onde reside um amplo conjunto de migrantes regionais quanto de subsistência de bairro e familiar.Fil: Magliano, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality