L’altération des briquets en « marcassite » du « Trou de Chaleux » (Fouilles d'Édouard Dupont) : identification des phases minérales primaires et secondaires

Les nodules de sulfure de fer de la Grotte de Chaleux portent une encoche indiquant leur usage comme briquet. Leur minéralogie a été comparée avec d'autres nodules fibroradiés notamment ceux provenant du Cap Blanc Nez. La pyrite et non la marcassite a été identifiée par diffraction des rayons X. Le cœur de pyrite fibroradiée est entouré par une couronne de goethite probablement formée dans le contexte géologique. L'encoche anthropique est aussi tapissée de goethite attestant d'une oxydation de la pyrite dans le gisement archéologique. Non protégés des nouvelles conditions physico-chimiques prévalant dans les conservatoires, certains rognons se désagrègent à la suite de la cristallisation de sulfates de fer complexes déterminés par diffraction des rayons X, microscopie électronique à balayage et spectroscopie EDS. Les réactions chimiques qui prévalent s'auto-entretiennent entraînant la ruine du matériel. Les paragenèses changent dans le temps en fonction des variations des paramètres physico-chimiques. La préservation des artéfacts et des échantillons de pyrite ou de marcassite requiert d'empêcher le contact entre la phase sulfurée et l'air humide. Différentes méthodes existent mais aucune d’entre-elles n’est totalement fiable.Notches in the iron sulphide nodules of the Chaleux cave indicate their use as a lighter. Their mineralogy was compared with other fibroradiated nodules, more particularly coming from the Cap Blanc-Nez (France). Only pyrite rather than marcasite was identified by X-ray diffraction. Nodules are composed of a core of fibroradiated pyrite and an external rim of goethite, probably acquired in the geological environment. The human-made notch also exhibits a rim of goethite linked with the pyrite oxidation in the archaeological deposit. Under new physicochemical conditions prevailing in the conservatories, one of the exhumed nodules disintegrated as a result of the crystallization of complex secondary iron sulfates. The primary and secondary minerals from lighters and comparative material were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Prevailing chemical reactions are self-sustaining causing the total destruction of the material. The paragenesis changes over time depending on changes in physicochemical parameters. Preservation of artifacts and samples of pyrite or marcasite demands to prevent contact between the sulphides and moist air. Different methods exist but none of them is completely reliable

Black adzes in the Early Neolithic of Belgium: Contribution of the Raman microspectrometry and petrography in characterization and sourcing

Early Neolithic (Linear Pottery Culture) adzes originate from settlements and workshops accompany the neolithization of Belgium. They are made from a wide range of extraregional lithic raw materials such as metamorphic green rocks (amphibolite) and black volcanic rocks (“basalt’) beside more local or regional raw material as flints, light-coloured (sedimentary and lightly metamorphic) quartzites, black lydites (Cambrian nodular phtanite of Céroux-Mousty and Lower Namurian banded phtanites) and dark grey Lower Namurian silicified sandstones previously called “Micaceous sandstones of Horion-Hozémont’. The discovery of the workshop of Noirfontaine near the city of Liège in the 1970s and 1980s provides exceptional assemblage available for updating analytical studies. This research focuses on the multi-scale characterization, the discrimination and sourcing both Cambrian and Namurian black sedimentary rocks rich in secondary silica composing Early Neolithic adzes found in Belgium. Their black colour results from finely dispersed organic matter, but the absence of palynomorphs does not allow a biostratigraphic ascription. Additional petrographical analyses (Optical Petrography, Scanning Electron Microscope), X-ray diffraction, chemical analyses (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) and measuring the degree of graphitization of the organic matter through Raman microspectrometry have been decisive in identifying the geological and geographical provenances by comparing the acquired results with geological reference samples collected in the field or through reference collections. Cambrian lydites are coming from a very restricted area and were preferred to other more local rock sources

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

: Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Peer reviewe

Le Rubané de la Moselle : trait d’union entre la Rhénanie et le Bassin parisien ?

Le Néolithique ancien de la Moselle constitue l’une des trois avancées occidentales de la Céramique rubanée, avec le groupe rhéno-mosan et le groupe alsacien. Toutefois, le groupe mosellan a fait l’objet de peu de publications et paraît le moins bien connu. Cet état ne devrait plus durer, puisque, de Bernkastel à Metz, une série de fouilles extensives récentes a été réalisée, qui devrait permettre d’en donner une bien meilleure image, pour autant que les travaux en cours soient finalisés par ..

Économie et société dans le Rubané récent de Belgique

ABSTRACT New data, resulting from recent research on the Linear Pottery Culture in Belgium, permit the examination of various economic processes and the consideration of a complex and structured social organisation for the groups studied. The following aspects are discussed here: the existence of enclosures within the Linear Pottery Culture tradition and the hypothesis that several villages, or perhaps a region, participated in their construction; the production of surplus ceramics and flint tools by specialised craftsmen, in specific activity areas or elsewhere; and the circulation of manufactured products in multiple directions and the existence of exchange networks.RÉSUMÉ De nouvelles données, issues de recherches récentes sur le Rubané de Belgique, permettent d'approcher divers processus économiques et d'envisager une organisation complexe et structurée à plusieurs niveaux des groupes sociaux étudiés. Sont évoquées l'appartenance du phénomène des enceintes à la tradition rubanée, la possibilité de la participation de plusieurs villages, voire d'une région, à leur érection, la production excédentaire de céramique et de silex par des artisans spécialisés dans des aires d'activités particulières ou non, ainsi que la circulation de produits manufacturés en des sens divers et l'existence d'échanges croisés.Cahen Daniel, Jadin Ivan. Économie et société dans le Rubané récent de Belgique. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 93, n°1, 1996. pp. 55-62

Des pots dans les mines. La céramique Michelsberg des minières et de l'enceinte du site de Spiennes (Hainaut, Belgique)

status: publishe

Un outil néolithique en contexte gallo-romain ? Biographie de la petite hache en omphacitite de Roly (Prov. de Namur, BE)

International audienc

Le site du Néolithique ancien des « Haleurs » à Ath (Prov. de Hainaut, BE) Premiers résultats et perspectives

TesisEn la búsqueda de un lugar de esparcimiento fuera de la ciudad de Arequipa, nos encontramos con el Valle de Vítor, un lugar con una gran historia y belleza en su paisaje, usado hasta hace dos generaciones para la recreación y área vacacional de los arequipeños y que ha sido olvidado a través de los años. Actualmente con una escasez de infraestructura, planificación urbana y un crecimiento poblacional cada vez menor, nos vimos en la obligación de intervenir en el sitio, planteando un proyecto que ayude a la tanto a difusión de la cultura vitivinícola de la zona como su promoción turística, esto con ayuda de una empresa privada, que manifieste el mismo interés de compromiso con la revalorización del pueblo y crecimiento de su marca. El proyecto basa sus actividades, programa y construcción en los lineamientos del enoturismo, un nuevo tipo de turismo cada vez más usado en Europa y con buenos resultados. La presente tesis busca reinterpretar los términos teóricos del marketing, expresados en los lineamientos enoturísticos, para generar un proyecto de arquitectura sostenible. Palabras Clave: Enoturismo, Arquitectura, Sustentable