Steer stress response as affected by genotype and transportation

Bovine cytochrome P450 3A28 is responsible for metabolizing ergot alkaloids that cattle ingest when feeding on endophyte-infested tall fescue grass. The objective of this research was to determine associations among genotype, transportation, and stress responses. Angus crossbred steers (n = 47) were genotyped (CC, CG, or GG) for a single-nucleotide polymorphism (C994G) in cytochrome P450 3A28. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by restriction enzyme (Alu1) digestion. Steers were backgrounded on a mixedcultivar tall fescue pasture. Following the stocker phase, steers were transported to the feedlot for finishing. Stress responses were determined 27 h prior to, and 6 and 20 h after transport. Plasma concentrations of prolactin and cortisol, and white blood cell expression of prolactin, cytochrome P450, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and short form prolactin receptor were our indicators of stress. Both time and genotypic effects were determined. Time (P \u3c 0.05) relative to transportation was associated with expression of all four genes tested. In addition, plasma concentrations of cortisol and prolactin, as well as their ratio were affected (P \u3c 0.05) by time. In contrast, neither genotype nor the interaction between genotype and time affected (P \u3e 0.1) our stress indicators. In previous studies, C994G genotype has been associated with cattle productivity; however, those effects were not observed in this study

Punitive Damages: A Relic That Has Outlived Its Origins

The doctrine of punitive damages truly is an ancient legal concept that inexplicably has evaded commitment to the archives of history. Irrespective of the questionable validity of the doctrine at early common law, the simple fact remains that none of the historical justifications supports the punitive damage theory in today\u27s tort reparations system. The quest to bestow increasing compensation no longer can justify punitive damage awards because actual damages currently recoverable compensate plaintiffs more than adequately for every conceivable element of physical, emotional, or imagined injury. The desire to inflict punishment, likewise, represents an insupportable basis for awarding quasi-criminal fines in a civil context, and is inconsistent with ancient and modern jurisprudence because the civil law historically has been premised upon the concept of compensation and not penal retribution... Part II of this Article traces the evolution of the punitive dam-age theory, including ancient origins and current status. Part III explores the various justifications theorized in support of the doctrine\u27s present viability. Part IV analyzes the patchwork applications and conflicting standards that measure conduct warranting an award of punitive damages, the treatment of vicariously liable corporate defendants, and other factors that affect the doctrine.This part emphasizes that punitive damages are awarded on the basis of highly questionable rationale and in an absurdly confusing and noticeably destructive manner. Part V argues for the complete abolition of the punitive damage concept: ratio potest allegari deficiente lege . In the absence of complete abolition of punitive damages, part VI asserts the urgent need for immediate stringent limitations on a doctrine that currently operates as an undisciplined and unfettered juggernaut of destruction in the civil tort system. Responsible jurisprudence, however, argues forcefully in favor of relegating this legal dinosaur to an era that long since has passed

A Monte Carlo study of temperature-programmed desorption spectra with attractive lateral interactions

We present results of a Monte Carlo study of temperature-programmed desorption in a model system with attractive lateral interactions. It is shown that even for weak interactions there are large shifts of the peak maximum temperatures with initial coverage. The system has a transition temperature below which the desorption has a negative order. An analytical expression for this temperature is derived. The relation between the model and real systems is discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.B15, 10 pages (REVTeX), 2 figures (PostScript); discussion about Xe/Pt(111) adde

Democracia racial: o não-dito racista

In racial democracy, racial discourse entrenched itself in popular speech (aphorismatic, emotive, informal and private) by means of the not-said. That discourse, closed tied to paternalist and patrimonial power relationships, is established as a silence pact between dominant and dominated. The not-said is a device to say something without acknowledging the responsibility for saying it. Racist discourse employs several devices, including hidden meanings, ambiguities, figures of speech, jokes, commonplaces, racial insults and proverbs, thus shaping the non-intentional character of racial discrimination.Na "democracia racial", o discurso racial entrincheirou-se no discurso "vulgar" (aforismático, passional, informal e privado), por meio da forma do não-dito racista que se consolidou, intimamente ligado às relações "cordiais", paternalistas e patrimonialistas de poder, como um pacto de silêncio entre dominados e dominadores. O não-dito é uma técnica de dizer alguma coisa sem, contudo, aceitar a responsabilidade de tê- la dito, resultando daí a utilização pelo discurso racista de uma diversidade de recursos tais como implícitos, denegações, discursos oblíquos, figuras de linguagem, trocadilhos, chistes, frases feitas, provérbios, piadas e injúria racial, configurando a não-intencionalidade da discriminação racial

O nascimento da nação: Estado, modernização nacional e relações étnico-raciais entre o Império e o início da República

The aim of this article is to present the relation between ethnic-racial relationships as power relationships and the constitution of a model of national sovereignty as ethnic-racial domination. Having analyzed this relation, it is possible to understand that contemporary racism and authoritarianism are not pre-moderns or colonial heritage, but they are outcomes of the modernization process of Brazilian republican institutions.Key words: ethnic relationships, State, national sovereignty.O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar a interação entre as relações étnico-raciais como relações de poder e a constituição de um modelo de soberania nacional como modo de dominação étnico-racial. A partir da análise desta interação, é possível compreender que o racismo e o autoritarismo contemporâneos não são sobrevivências pré-modernas ou coloniais, mas são resultados do modo como se deu o processo de modernização das instituições republicanas brasileiras. Palavras-chave: relações étnico-raciais, Estado, soberania nacional

The birth of the nation: State, national modernization and ethnic-racial relationships between the Empire and the Republic

O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar a interação entre as relações étnico-raciais como relações de poder e a constituição de um modelo de soberania nacional como modo de dominação étnico-racial. A partir da análise desta interação, é possível compreender que o racismo e o autoritarismo contemporâneos não são sobrevivências pré-modernas ou coloniais, mas são resultados do modo como se deu o processo de modernização das instituições republicanas brasileiras. Palavras-chave: relações étnico-raciais, Estado, soberania nacional.The aim of this article is to present the relation between ethnic-racial relationships as power relationships and the constitution of a model of national sovereignty as ethnic-racial domination. Having analyzed this relation, it is possible to understand that contemporary racism and authoritarianism are not pre-moderns or colonial heritage, but they are outcomes of the modernization process of Brazilian republican institutions.Key words: ethnic relationships, State, national sovereignty

Optical and mid-infrared neon abundance determinations in star-forming regions

We employed observational spectroscopic data of star-forming regions compiled from the literature and photoionization models to analyse the neon ionic abundances obtained using both optical and mid-infrared emission-lines. Comparing Ne++/H+ ionic abundances from distinct methods, we found that, in average, the abundances obtained via IR emission-lines are higher than those obtained via optical lines by a factor of 4. Photoionization models with abundance variations along the radius of the hypothetical nebula provide a possible explanation for a large part of the difference between ionic abundances via optical and infrared emission-lines. Ionization Correction Factor (ICF) for the neon is obtained from direct determinations of ionic fractions using infrared emission-lines. A constant Ne/O ratio (logNe/O \approx -0.70) for a large range of metallicity, independently of the ICF used to compute the neon total abundance is derived.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRA

RELAÇÕES DE FORÇA: ANÁLISE DOS DESDOBRAMENTOS DE SENTIDO NAS PERSPECTIVAS DE NIETZSCHE E FOUCAULT

O objetivo principal deste texto consiste em investigar os sentidos das concepções de relações de força nas obras de Friedrich Nietzsche e Michel Foucault. A razão que motivou este trabalho remete, em primeiro lugar, ao papel de referenciais teóricos desempenhado por esses pensadores nas mais diversas áreas do saber e, em segundo lugar, pelo fato de que a ideia de relações de força corresponde a um elemento central e constitutivo das formas de pensar de ambos, além de tantos outros filósofos e cientistas sociais por eles influenciados. Com efeito, é possível dizer que do mundo físico ao plano orgânico e corporal, além da realidade social ou ainda daquilo que se pode entender por sujeito e relações de alteridade, as relações de força estejam, para os dois, presentes, não importando exatamente se elas atuam como simples figurantes, elementos supostos a título secundário, ou como protagonistas das obras que os notabilizaram. Sendo assim, buscou-se por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica estabelecer a determinação dos traços constitutivos da referida concepção sem ter, todavia, o intuito de estabelecer um conceito pelo fato de que os autores deste artigo convergiram quanto ao entendimento de que uma iniciativa desse tipo contrariaria a própria forma de pensar de Foucault e Nietzsche, ao passo que põe sob análise os desdobramentos de sentido aos quais a expressão ficou sujeita e, por outro lado, que a partir dela foram gerados

A p-Spin Interaction Ashkin-Teller Spin-Glass Model

A p-spin interaction Ashkin-Teller spin glass, with three independent Gaussian probability distributions for the exchange interactions, is studied by means of the replica method. A simple phase diagram is obtained within the replica-symmetric approximation, presenting an instability of the paramagnetic solution at low temperatures. The replica-symmetry-breaking procedure is implemented and a rich phase diagram is obtained; besides the paramagnetic phase, three distinct spin-glass phases appear. Three first-order critical frontiers are found and they all meet at a triple point; among such lines, two of them present discontinuities in the order parameters, but no latent heat, whereas the other one exhibits both discontinuities in the order parameters and a finite latent heat.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physica

Identification of single- and double-well coherence-incoherence patterns by the binary distance matrix

The study of chimera states or, more generally, coherence-incoherence patterns has led to the development of several tools for their identification and characterization. In this work, we extend the eigenvalue decomposition method to distinguish between single-well and double-well patterns. By applying our method, we are able to identify the following four types of dynamical patterns in a ring of nonlocally coupled Chua circuits and nonlocally coupled cubic maps: single-well cluster, single-well coherence-incoherence pattern, double-well cluster, and double-well coherence-incoherence. In a ring-star network of Chua circuits, we investigate the influence of adding a central node on the spatio-temporal patterns. Our results show that increasing the coupling with the central node favors the occurrence of single-well coherence-incoherence states. We observe that the boundaries of the attraction basins resemble fractal and riddled structure