A ground-truth experiment on melody genre recognition in absence of timbre

Music genre or style is an important metadata for music collections and database organization. Some authors claim for the need of having ground truth studies on this particular topic, in order to compare results with them and lead to sound conclusions when analyzing software performances. When dealing with digital scores in any format, timbrical information is not always available or trustworthy so we have avoided this information in our computer models, using only melodic information. The main goal of this work is to assess the human ability for recognizing music genres in absence of timbre in order to assess comparatively the performance of computer models for this task. For this, we have experimented with fragments of melodies in absence of accompaniment and timbre, as our computer models do. For this particular paper we have worked with two well-stablished genres in the music literature, like classical and jazz music. A number of analyses in terms of age, group, education, and music studies of the people subjected to the tests have been performed. The results show that, on average, the error rate was about 18%. This value shows the base line to be improved for computer systems in this task without using timbrical information.This work is supported by the Spanish PROSEMUS project (TIN2006-14932-C02), the research programme Consolider Ingenio 2010 (MIPRCV, CSD2007-00018) and the Pascal Network of Excellence

Evolutionary history of the endangered fish Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis (Bean, 1898) (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) using a sequential approach to phylogeography based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tectonic, volcanic and climatic events that produce changes in hydrographic systems are the main causes of diversification and speciation of freshwater fishes. Elucidate the evolutionary history of freshwater fishes permits to infer theories on the biotic and geological evolution of a region, which can further be applied to understand processes of population divergence, speciation and for conservation purposes. The freshwater ecosystems in Central Mexico are characterized by their genesis dynamism, destruction, and compartmentalization induced by intense geologic activity and climatic changes since the early Miocene. The endangered goodeid <it>Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis </it>is widely distributed across Central México, thus making it a good model for phylogeographic analyses in this area.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We addressed the phylogeography, evolutionary history and genetic structure of populations of <it>Z. quitzeoensis </it>through a sequential approach, based on both microsatellite and mitochondrial cytochrome <it>b </it>sequences. Most haplotypes were private to particular locations. All the populations analysed showed a remarkable number of haplotypes. The level of gene diversity within populations was <inline-formula><m:math name="1471-2148-8-161-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>H</m:mi><m:mo>¯</m:mo></m:mover><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmisaGKbaebaaaa@2D06@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula>_{<it>d </it>}= 0.987 (0.714 – 1.00). However, in general the nucleotide diversity was low, π = 0.0173 (0.0015 – 0.0049). Significant genetic structure was found among populations at the mitochondrial and nuclear level (Φ_ST= 0.836 and <it>F</it>_{<it>ST </it>}= 0.262, respectively). We distinguished two well-defined mitochondrial lineages that were separated <it>ca</it>. 3.3 million years ago (Mya). The time since expansion was <it>ca</it>. 1.5 × 10⁶years ago for Lineage I and <it>ca</it>. 860,000 years ago for Lineage II. Also, genetic patterns of differentiation, between and within lineages, are described at different historical timescales.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our mtDNA data indicates that the evolution of the different genetic groups is more related to ancient geological and climatic events (Middle Pliocene, <it>ca</it>. 3.3 Mya) than to the current hydrographic configuration of the basins. In general, mitochondrial and nuclear data supported the same relationships between populations, with the exception of some reduced populations in highly polluted basins (Lower Lerma River), where the effects of genetic drift are suggested by the different analyses at the nuclear and mitochondrial level. Further, our findings are of special interest for the conservation of this endangered species.</p

Social emotional learning and values education in the Musical Language classroom

El presente estudio se centra en dos beneficios potenciales de la educación musical: el aprendizaje socioemocional y la educación en valores, en el contexto de la formación impartida en conservatorios profesionales de Música en la asignatura de Lenguaje Musical. La metodología cualitativa utilizada, a través de la técnica de grupos focales, ha permitido analizar las percepciones del profesorado, el alumnado y las familias en torno a estos beneficios. Como resultado del análisis, se ha evidenciado una coincidencia entre interlocutores acerca de la importancia que se le debe otorgar a la educación en valores y el aprendizaje socioemocional en los conservatorios profesionales de Música, y, en especial, con el alumnado que presenta necesidades específicas. A pesar de la ausencia de evidencias de planificación consciente de contenidos socioemocionales o relacionados con la educación en valores en la asignatura de Lenguaje Musical, los/as participantes perciben que la asignatura sí contribuye al desarrollo de estos aspectos. Como futuras mejoras se señalan el fomento del trabajo grupal, la interacción y la cohesión intragrupalThe present study focuses on two potential benefits of music education: social-emotional learning and education in values, in the context of training given in professional music conservatories in the subject of Musical Language. The qualitative methodology used, through the focus group technique, has made it possible to analyze the perceptions of teachers, students and families regarding these benefits. As a result of the analysis, a coincidence has been evidenced between the interlocutors about the importance that should be given to education in values and social-emotional learning in professional music conservatories, and, especially, with students who present specific needs. Despite the absence of evidence of conscious planning of social-emotional contents or those related to education in values in the subject of Musical Language, the participants perceive that the subject does contribute to their development. It is also pointed out as future improvements: the promotion of group work, interaction and intragroup cohesionEl trabajo ha sido financiado por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la UCLM-2022

Surveillance of Candida spp Bloodstream Infections: Epidemiological Trends and Risk Factors of Death in Two Mexican Tertiary Care Hospitals

Introduction: Larger populations at risk, broader use of antibiotics and longer hospital stays have impacted on the incidence of Candida sp. bloodstream infections (CBSI).Objective: To determine clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients with CBSI in two tertiary care reference medical institutions in Mexico City.Design: Prospective and observational laboratory-based surveillance study conducted from 07/2008 to 06/2010.Methods: All patients with CBSI were included. Identification and antifungal susceptibility were performed using CLSI M27-A3 standard procedures. Frequencies, Mann-Whitney U test or T test were used as needed. Risk factors were determined with multivariable analysis and binary logistic regression analysis.Results: CBSI represented 3.8% of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Cumulative incidence was 2.8 per 1000 discharges (incidence rate: 0.38 per 1000 patient-days). C. albicans was the predominant species (46%), followed by C. tropicalis (26%). C. glabrata was isolated from patients with diabetes (50%), and elderly patients. Sixty-four patients (86%) received antifungals. Amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AmBD) was the most commonly used agent (66%). Overall mortality rate reached 46%, and risk factors for death were APACHE II score >= 16 (OR = 6.94, CI95% = 2.34-20.58, p<0.0001), and liver disease (OR = 186.11, CI95% = 7.61-4550.20, p = 0.001). Full susceptibility to fluconazole, AmBD and echinocandins among C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis was observed.Conclusions: the cumulative incidence rate in these centers was higher than other reports from tertiary care hospitals from Latin America. Knowledge of local epidemiologic patterns permits the design of more specific strategies for prevention and preemptive therapy of CBSI.Pfizer Inc.Salvador Zubiran Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr, Dept Med, Mexico City, DF, MexicoHosp Escuela Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa, HondurasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilNatl Canc Inst, Div Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, MexicoUniv Nacl Colombia, Dept Internal Med, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Med, Lima, PeruHosp Vargas Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaCtr Med Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Univ Hosp, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Texas Med Sch Houston, Mem Hermann Texas Med Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX USAUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Chile, Fac Med, Hosp Luis Calvo Mackenna, Dept Pediat, Santiago 7, ChileUniv Desarrollo, Clin Alemana, Dept Med, Santiago, ChileHosp Clin Jose San Martin, Infect Dis Unit, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaPontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Fac Med, Hosp Vozandes, Quito, EcuadorUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilPfizer Inc.: INF-168Web of Scienc

Seguimiento y mejora de las asignaturas de segundo curso del Grado en Ingeniería Informática durante el curso 2013-2014

En esta memoria se describe el trabajo de la red docente para el seguimiento y control de calidad de las asignaturas del segundo curso del Grado en Ingeniería Informática impartido en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Universidad de Alicante. En esta edición, el trabajo de la red se ha centrado en el estudio de las necesidades formativas y los contenidos impartidos en las asignaturas. El resultado ha sido la creación de un grafo de dependencias entre asignaturas de segundo y primer curso (y de segundo curso entre sí), un mapa de necesidades formativas para acceder a las asignaturas de segundo curso y un mapa de los contenidos impartidos en éstas. Asimismo, se ha elaborado un calendario on-line de evaluaciones para el curso 2014-2015

Extending Graph (Discrete) Derivative Descriptors to N-Tuple Atom-Relations

In the present manuscript, an extension of the previously defined Graph Derivative Indices (GDIs) is discussed. To achieve this objective, the concept of a hypermatrix, conceived from the calculation of the frequencies of triple and quadruple atom relations in a set of connected sub-graphs, is introduced. This set of subgraphs is generated following a predefined criterion, known as the event (S), being in this particular case the connectivity among atoms. The triple and quadruple relations frequency matrices serve as a basis for the computation of triple and quadruple discrete derivative indices, respectively. The GDIs are implemented in a computational program denominated DIVATI (acronym for DIscrete DeriVAtive Type Indices), a module of TOMOCOMD-CARDD program. Shannon‟s entropy-based variability analysis demonstrates that the GDIs show major variability than others indices used in QSAR/QSPR researches. In addition, it can be appreciated when the indices are extended over n-elements from the graph, its quality increases, principally when they are used in a combined way. QSPR modeling of the physicochemical properties Log P and Log K of the 2-furylethylenes derivatives reveals that the GDIs obtained using the tripleand quadruple matrix approaches yield superior performance to the duplex matrix approach. Moreover, the statistical parameters for models obtained with the GDI method are superior to those reported in the literature by using other methods. It can therefore be suggested that the GDI method, seem to be a promissory tool to reckon on in QSAR/QSPR studies, virtual screening of compound datasets and similarity/dissimilarity evaluations

CORONAVIRUS COVID-19: CONOCIENDO AL CAUSANTE DE LA PANDEMIA

El presente artículo presenta una revisión y análisis de las principales investigaciones realizadas sobre el virus SARS-CoV-2 y de la enfermedad que produce (enfermedad por infección por coronavirus, con las siglas en inglés COVID-19). Este virus es conocido de manera coloquial como coronavirus debido a su estructura glicoproteica similar a una corona de puntas, tiene un genoma constituido por una cadena simple de ARN de sentido positivo y es el causante de la actual pandemia iniciada en el 2019 en Wuhan (China) y que viene afectando a más de 199 países o territorios de forma muy relevante. Las semejanzas genéticas de este coronavirus con un virus encontrado en un murciélago, involucran a esta especie como el origen del traspaso al hombre. Si bien este virus ha sido investigado recientemente, ya se conocen sus características morfológicas, estructurales, de replicación, y síntomas. Se ha avanzado en las técnicas de diagnóstico, epidemiología (se describen las fases del desarrollo de la epidemia en el Perú), transmisión, prevención y tratamiento, lo cual se ha consolidado en esta publicación. Considerándose que a la fecha (30.03.20), hay más de 722 mil infectados y han fallecido más de 34 mil pacientes en el mundo (pese a las acciones de aislamiento y distanciamiento social en las que nos encontramos) es eminente la urgente necesidad de desarrollar y usar una vacuna efectiva contra este virus. La OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud) ha informado que se encuentran en pruebas de fase clínica 44 potenciales vacunas, ello nos podría anunciar la solución relativamente a corto plazo para esta pandemia que en pleno siglo XXI, pretende cambiar nuestras vidas

Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular risk factors in students from the University of Medical Sciences. Holguin, 2014-2015

Foundation: Detecting high plasma triglyceride concentrations in children, teenagers and young people is of great importance to prevent future cardiovascular events.Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and cardivascular risk factors associated to medical students.Methods: cross study, with a period of random sampling of 776 students registered during the academic course 2014-2015, in first year medical studies at the University of Medical Sciences Holguin, Cuba. In the sample of 242 students it was analyzed the presence of hypertriglyceridemia related to the variables: age, sex, arterial pressure, anthropometric measurements, laboratory measurements and associated risk factors. The Odd Ratios and the confidence intervals for risk factors were determined. The logistic regression analysis was done with EPIDAT 4,1 with a level of significance of 5 %.Results: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 30.58%, without differences between sexes. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, weight excess, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, high density lipoproteines- low cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome were  15,70 %, 4,13 %, 19,83 %, 22,31 %, 10,74 %, 3,31 %, 23,14 %, 8,26 % y 8,26 %, respectively. The associated significant risk factors metabolic syndrome, supraileac fold, high density lipoproteins- low cholesterol and glucemia.Conclusion: The prevalence rate of hypertriglyceridemia and associated risk factors were relatively high in university students apparently healthy.</p