Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome

To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events42Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases

Digestibility of Protein and Energy and Protein Value of Some Roughages for Growing Swine

The present investigatin was undertaken to study the faecal degestibility of dry matter organic matter, protein and fibre for growing pigs fed on high level roughage. The three roughage types studied were clovergrass, clovergrass silage and wholecrop pea-barley silage. The study was conducted in two experimental periods (exp 1 and exp 2). Ineach experiment 10 crossbred female pigs (5 x 2 littermates) were diveded into two groups fed either fresh clovergrass or frozen and thawed clovergrass (exp 1) and either clovergrass silage or wholecrop pea-barley silage (exp 2)

Diferentes tipos de milheto utilizados na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação Different types of pearl millets (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) on growing - finishing pigs feeding

Um experimento de desempenho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade nutricional e econômica da utilização de rações com diferentes tipos de milheto, com nível de inclusão de 60%, na alimentação de suínos, nas fases de crescimento e terminação. Foram utilizados 40 suínos híbridos na fase de crescimento (30,3&plusmn;2,9kg) e terminação (54,3&plusmn;4,1kg), distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro blocos e dois suínos por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja e outras quatro com a inclusão de 60% de diferentes tipos de milheto (IAPAR, COMUM, BN2 e BN2S, sendo este com espigueta). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os tipos de milheto para consumo diário de ração, ganho diário de peso, conversão alimentar e características de carcaça. Os resultados sugerem que é viável a inclusão de 60% de milheto da linhagem IAPAR, da cultivar "COMUM", das variedades BN2 ou BN2S (com a espigueta), nas rações de suínos em crescimento e terminação.<br>A performance trial was carried out to evaluate the nutritional and economic feasibility of growing-finishing pig diets with 60% of different pearl millets. Forty crossbreed pigs were used during growing (initial weight 30.3&plusmn;2.9kg) and finishing (54.3&plusmn;4.1kg) phases. Pigs were allotted in a randomized blocks design with 5 treatments, 4 blocs and 2 pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted in a corn-soybean meal and other 4 diets containing 60% of inclusion of different types of pearl millet (IAPAR, COMUM, BN2 and BN2S. The last is pearl millet BN2 in spikelets). There was not difference for types of pearl millet on daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed: gain ratio and carcass traits. The results suggested that it is possible to use 60% of IAPAR, COMUM, BN2 and BN2S pearl millet in growing-finishing pig diets