Discretization of the Region of Interest

[EN]The meccano method was recently introduced to construct simultaneously tetrahedral meshes and volumetric parameterizations of solids. The method requires the information of the solid geometry that is defined by its surface, a meccano, i.e., an outline of the solid defined by connected polyhedral pieces, and a tolerance that fixes the desired approximation of the solid surface. The method builds an adaptive tetrahedral mesh of the solid (physical domain) as a deformation of an appropriate tetrahedral mesh of the meccano (parametric domain). The main stages of the procedure involve an admissible mapping between the meccano and the solid boundaries, the nested Kossaczký’s refinement, and our simultaneous untangling and smoothing algorithm. In this chapter, we focus on the application of the method to build tetrahedral meshes over complex terrain, that is interesting for simulation of environmental processes. A digital elevation map of the terrain, the height of the domain, and the required orography approximation are given as input data. In addition, the geometry of buildings or stacks can be considered. In these applications, we have considered a simple cuboid as meccano.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Gobierno de España; Fondos FEDER; Departamento de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León; CONACYT-SENER, Fondo Sectorial CONACYT SENER HIDROCARBUROS

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

La robótica al servicio de la salud: Caso de aplicación robótica para la atención sanitaria de la salud infantil

A lo largo de los años la robótica ha conseguido convertirse en una herramienta tecnológica de servicio en aplicaciones de diferente ámbito. En el presente artículo se presenta una aplicación directa de la robótica en la atención sanitaria de pacientes infantiles. En el marco del proyecto ACROSS, un equipo formado por más de 100 investigadores pertenecientes a 13 entidades españolas, modificarán la perspectiva actual de la robótica de servicios, proporcionando sistemas inteligentes capaces de adaptarse a los requerimientos del usuario, modificando su comportamiento de forma autónoma. Con el objetivo de proporcionar un marco abierto de colaboración entre empresas, universidades, centros de investigación y la Administración, el proyecto ACROSS se apoyará en la filosofía de generación de servicios de código libre.Peer Reviewe

La robótica al servicio de la salud: Caso de aplicación robótica para la atención sanitaria de la salud infantil

A lo largo de los años la robótica ha conseguido convertirse en una herramienta tecnológica de servicio en aplicaciones de diferente ámbito. En el presente artículo se presenta una aplicación directa de la robótica en la atención sanitaria de pacientes infantiles. En el marco del proyecto ACROSS, un equipo formado por más de 100 investigadores pertenecientes a 13 entidades españolas, modificarán la perspectiva actual de la robótica de servicios, proporcionando sistemas inteligentes capaces de adaptarse a los requerimientos del usuario, modificando su comportamiento de forma autónoma. Con el objetivo de proporcionar un marco abierto de colaboración entre empresas, universidades, centros de investigación y la Administración, el proyecto ACROSS se apoyará en la filosofía de generación de servicios de código libre.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

La robótica al servicio de la salud: Caso de aplicación robótica para la atención sanitaria de la salud infantil

A lo largo de los años la robótica ha conseguido convertirse en una herramienta tecnológica de servicio en aplicaciones de diferente ámbito. En el presente artículo se presenta una aplicación directa de la robótica en la atención sanitaria de pacientes infantiles. En el marco del proyecto ACROSS, un equipo formado por más de 100 investigadores pertenecientes a 13 entidades españolas, modificarán la perspectiva actual de la robótica de servicios, proporcionando sistemas inteligentes capaces de adaptarse a los requerimientos del usuario, modificando su comportamiento de forma autónoma. Con el objetivo de proporcionar un marco abierto de colaboración entre empresas, universidades, centros de investigación y la Administración, el proyecto ACROSS se apoyará en la filosofía de generación de servicios de código libre.Peer Reviewe

Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome : Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p < 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p < 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013