Synthesis and characterization of iron and iron nitride microtubes obtained from biogenic iron oxide

With the aim to obtain iron tubular microstructures attractive for various applications, we have used a natural biogenic iron ochre as a raw material and explore various procedures and experimental conditions to achieve our goal. Our experiments included reduction, nitridation and characterization of microtubes derived from biogenic iron ochre. Various temperatures of reduction under streams of H2/N2 or NH3 were tested. Our results show that the tubular structure is maintained after reduction of the natural material under H2/N2. In addition, ammonia was not produced under our experimental conditions, and as expected, hydrogen reduced the material. However, the treatment under NH3 reduces the material and allows the incorporation of nitrogen into the structure of the solid yielding iron nitride microtubes. Reduced and nitrided microstructures were successfully obtained from natural biogenic iron ochre. A temperature of 500 °C seems to be suitable to expose the calcined biogenic iron ochre under H2/N2 for 4 h or under ammonia for 8 h to obtain reduced or nitrided microtubes, respectively. The stability of the tubular structure during reduction/reduction–nitridation is maintained under both treatments. Further interesting applications of this natural biomaterial could be envisaged

Methane cracking over cobalt molybdenum carbides

The catalytic behaviour of Co3Mo3C, Co6Mo6C, Co3Mo3N and Co6Mo6N for methane cracking has been studied to determine the relationship between the methane cracking activity and the chemical composition. The characterisation of post-reaction samples showed a complex phase composition with the presence of Co3Mo3C, α-Co and β-Mo2C as catalytic phases and the deposition of different forms of carbon during reaction

Social Movements in Politics and the Media: The case of the Pro-underground railway Platform of Murcia in the 2019 local elections

15M was the first reaction by some of the most important social movements in recent years in Spain. It was the impetus behind the emergence of the ‘tides’ or movements dedicated to education and health issues. However, after a few years of social inaction, citizen movements seem to have revived thanks to the feminist demonstrations of 8th March 2018 and the pensioners’ protests because of their loss of purchasing power. In these times, when parliamentary majorities are in decline, it seems that citizen platforms are emerging as an alternative means of making their demands known to institutions. In the case presented in this study, the citizens of Murcia created a platform to demand that the Government comply with the plan for building the AVE railway tracks underground, as they had promised. Since then, the Citizen Pro-Underground Railway Platform has held several demonstrations and thanks to social networks it has developed a successful mass communication strategy. This study has been carried out in two phases and presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Platform’s communication strategy. In addition, it aims to determine its level of participation in the political and media Twitter conversation ahead of the 2019 local and regional elections in Murcia

Previous spatial learning is required for the development of place preference in rats following chronic administration of and withdrawal from morphine

The positive reinforcing properties of addictive drugs have a primary role in the development of drug dependence. In the field of opiates, great attention has been given to this phenomenon, as well as to the negative properties eliciting craving and inducing relapse during withdrawal. This study was designed to evaluate whether elevated plus-maze (EPM) experienced rats withdrawn from low doses of subcutaneous (s.c.) morphine (10 mg/kg), in which a high anxiety level is the most prominent withdrawal symptom, acquire place preference when submitted to a conflict paradigm in which drug effects are paired with an aversive context: the distal part of the open arms of an EPM. Both the anxiety test and place preference conditioning were measured in the same apparatus, a biased version of the plus-maze. In order to verify the influence of previous EPM spatial learning on the performance of morphine-withdrawn rats, half the animals in this study experienced the EPM prior to treatment. Additional groups were also tested under the influence of morphine effects. The effects of the treatments were quantified through the analysis of three types of measures: anxiety was inferred from the use of the conventional measures (percentage of entries and time spent in the open-arms) and risk-assessment behaviours (frequency of stretched-attending postures - SAP, and time spent at the centre of the maze). Place preference conditioning was evaluated through analysis of the number of entries, total time spent and distance run in the open-arm extremities, which is where the animals were conditioned. The number of closed-arm entries was taken as an index of locomotor activity. Our results showed that (i) EPM naïve rats pre-treated with morphine did not develop place preference, behaving like control rats; (ii) rats that had previous experience in the EPM showed no changes in open-arm avoidance on the second exposure, when compared with rats naïve for this condition; (iii) previous spatial learning of the EPM contextual cues was, in fact, a requirement for anxiety-inducing place preference for the open-arms in morphine-withdrawn rats and, (iiii) conditioned place preference was achieved both in rats under the effects of morphine and in withdrawal, probably through the influence of the positive or negative reinforcing effects promoted by the presence or absence of the drug in the central nervous system.FAPES

Genetic characterisation of the mostrenca cattle with microsatellites

In this work the Mostrenca bovine population that lives in the Estación Biológica de Doñana (340 animals) has been studied with 26 microsatellites recommended by FAO for bovine biodiversity studies. The 9 microsatellites of the international panel for parentage control are included in this study. These markers were amplified by mean of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and to get the size separation of the obtained fragments we have developed electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in an automatic sequencer ABI377XL. All the microsatellites have been polymorphic and between 3 (BM8125) and 10 (ETH225) alleles have been found with an average value of 6,7. The expected heterozigosity has been 0.6244 and the observed heterozigosity 0.6115. The paternity and maternity have been checked with these microsatellites and this has been used to make a paternity panel with 10-12 markers and an a priori exclusion probability higher than 99.9 percent. This panel is useful to check paternity in this bovine breed that have a very special management: it is a feral breed that lives inside a restricted biologic reserve where the livestock is not allowed.En este trabajo se caracteriza la población bovina Mostrenca de la Estación Biológica de Doñana (340 muestras) con 26 microsatélites de ADN recomendados por la FAO para estudios de biodiversidad bovina y entre los que se encuentran los 9 marcadores del panel internacional para pruebas de paternidad en bovino. Los microsatélites se han amplificado mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y los fragmentos amplificados se han separado mediante electroforesis en un secuenciador automático ABI 377XL. Todos los microsatélites utilizados han resultado polimórficos y se han encontrado entre 3 alelos para el BM8125 y 10 para el ETH225, con un número medio de alelos de 6,7. La heterocigosidad media esperada ha sido 0,6244 y la observada 0,6115. Se ha llevado a cabo la comprobación de paternidades y maternidades con estos microsatélites, lo que ha servido para establecer una batería de 10-12 microsatélites con una probabilidad de exclusión a priori superior al 99,9 p.100 que puede resultar muy útil para realizar controles de filiación en esta raza bovina con unas peculiaridades de manejo muy especiales dada su condición de raza en estado asilvestrado dentro de una reserva biológica protegida en la que no está permitida la ganadería como tal

Synthesis and Characterization of LnAg(WO4)(MoO4)

Polycrystalline LnAg(WO4)(MoO4) powders, with Ln = La to Lu and Y, have been obtained by ceramic method. Rietveld refinement for all compounds reveals that they present tetragonal symmetry, space group I41/a (No. 88), where the Ln3+/Ag+ ions are located in the 4a atomic positions, since the W/Mo are randomly distributed into 4b crystal sites. In these compounds, a and b lattice parameters take values between those corresponding to tungstate and molybdate compounds. A progressive decrease in the lattice parameters is observed in going from La to Lu derivatives as a consequence of the well-known lanthanide contraction

Glucocerebrosidase expression patterns in the non-human primate brain

Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GBA1 gene. Mutations in GBA1 gene lead to Gaucher’s disease, the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder. GBA1 mutations reduce GCase activity, therefore promoting the aggregation of alphasynuclein, a common neuropathological finding underlying Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, it is also worth noting that a direct link between GBA1 mutations and alpha-synuclein aggregation indicating cause and effect is still lacking, with limited experimental evidence to date. Bearing in mind that a number of strategies increasing GCase expression for the treatment of PD are currently under development, here we sought to analyze the baseline expression of GCase in the brain of Macaca fascicularis, which has often been considered as the gold-standard animal model of PD. Although as with other lysosomal enzymes, GCase is expected to be ubiquitously expressed, here a number of regional variations have been consistently found, together with several specific neurochemical phenotypes expressing very high levels of GCase. In this regard, the most enriched expression of GCase was constantly found in cholinergic neurons from the nucleus basalis of Meynert, dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, serotoninergic neurons from the raphe nuclei, as well as in noradrenergic neurons located in the locus ceruleus. Moreover, it is also worth noting that moderate levels of expression were also found in a number of areas within the paleocortex and archicortex, such as the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal formation, respectively

Evolution of composition of dairy manure supernatant in a controlled dung pit

Anaerobic conversion of dairy manure into biogas is an attractive way of managing this waste. It is well known that the hydrolysis of large molecules into small, directly biodegradable ones is the rate limiting step of the overall anaerobic process. The present work studies the development of the hydrolytic and acidogenic stages of dairy manure with different solid concentrations (40, 60 and 80 g VS/L) at ambient temperature (20 ° C). The purpose was to determine the operational conditions that provide a liquid fraction with a high soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a high volatile fatty acids (VFA) content in manure before the methanogenic stage starts up. At 20 ° C, the evolution of the studied parameters showed that, in a controlled plug-flow dung pit, the hydrolytic and acidogenic stages progressed moderately in a continuous way during the 25 days that the experimentation lasted, whereas no methanization was observed. Supernatant COD and VFA concentrations increased 30% and 107%, respectively, for the 60 g VS/L samples. Manure was also operated at 35 ° C with a similar increase in supernatant COD but a higher increase in VFA, 154%. For both operational temperatures, the predominant VFAs were, in this order, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. During the operation at 35 ° C, the methanogenic stage started between days 20 and 25 for the samples with lower solids content, i.e. 40 and 60 g VS/L

Teaching control during the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper aims to analyze some different solutions that were adopted in control education activities during the pandemic. The authors of this paper are educators in the control education field from different countries on all the continents, who have developed a questionnaire with the idea of collecting data about the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the control education activities. The main objective is to study the diverse alternatives that were used worldwide to perform the online educational activities during that period, such as methodologies, tools, learning management systems (LMS), theoretical exercises, laboratory experiments, types of exams, simulators, software for online lecturing, etc. As a result, comparisons between pre-and during-pandemic educational resources and methods are performed, where useful ideas and discussions are given for the control education community.https://www.journals.elsevier.com/ifac-papersonlineElectrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Development of multilayer Hydroxyapatite - Ag/TiN-Ti coatings deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with potential application in the biomedical field

"NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Surface and Coatings Technology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Surface and Coatings Technology, VOL 377, (2019) DOI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.097"[EN] The use of composite coatings is emerging as a great alternative to conventional coatings, allowing the combination of different superficial properties that are widely desired in surgical implants, such as osteointegration and bactericidal character, and cannot be provided by one material alone. In the present investigation the effect of the incorporation of a TiN-Ti intermediate bilayer on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, roughness, residual stresses and adhesion of a multi-layer Hydroxyapatite (HA)-Ag coating deposited on Ti-6Al-4V by magnetron sputtering was evaluated. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the developed system was evaluated by in vitro tests. According to the results obtained, a decrease in the Ca/P ratio from 1.85 to 1.74 was obtained through the deposition of an HA-Ag system on the intermediate bilayer, and the crystallinity of the developed coating was favored. The multi-layer structure was effectively observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, where it was possible to identify each of the HA, Ag, TiN and Ti layers. Meanwhile, an increase of 7% in crystallite size, a decrease of 36% in residual stresses and an increase of 32% in adhesion were registered for this composite coating compared to the free intermediate bilayer system. Finally, biological evaluation allowed the non-cytotoxic character of the deposited coatings to be confirmed.We thank the University of Antioquia, the Centro de Investigation, Innovation y Desarrollo de materiales (CIDEMAT) group, the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovation (COLCIENCIAS) for financing the Project 15-1696, the scholarship program of Enlazamundos, PR and JLGR acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project MAT2016-76039-C4-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) (including the FEDER financial support). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER Actions are financed by the Institute de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Lenis, J.; Bejarano, G.; Rico Tortosa, PM.; Gómez Ribelles, JL.; Bolívar, F. (2019). Development of multilayer Hydroxyapatite - Ag/TiN-Ti coatings deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with potential application in the biomedical field. Surface and Coatings Technology. 377:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.06.097S19377Melero, H., Fernández, J., & Guilemany Casadamon, J. M. (2011). Recubrimientos bioactivos: Hidroxiapatita y titania. Biomecánica, 19(1). doi:10.5821/sibb.v19i1.1814Ozeki, K., Yuhta, T., Fukui, Y., & Aoki, H. (2002). Phase composition of sputtered films from a hydroxyapatite target. Surface and Coatings Technology, 160(1), 54-61. doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(02)00363-8Nelea, V., Morosanu, C., Iliescu, M., & Mihailescu, I. N. (2003). 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Nanoscale Research Letters, 7(1). doi:10.1186/1556-276x-7-324Peetsch, A., Greulich, C., Braun, D., Stroetges, C., Rehage, H., Siebers, B., … Epple, M. (2013). Silver-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and toxic effects toward mammalian and prokaryotic cells. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 724-729. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.09.040A. Quirama, A.M. Echavarría, J.M. Meza, J. Osorio, G. Bejarano G, Improvement of the mechanical behavior of the calcium phosphate coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V alloy using an intermediate TiN/TiO2 bilayer, Vacuum. 146 (2017) 22–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.09.024.Lenis, J. A., Hurtado, F. M., Gómez, M. A., & Bolívar, F. J. (2019). Effect of thermal treatment on structure, phase and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering. Thin Solid Films, 669, 571-578. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2018.11.045Sofronia, A. M., Baies, R., Anghel, E. M., Marinescu, C. 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(1998). Differentiation between hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate by means of μ-Raman spectroscopy. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 18(9), 1301-1305. doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(98)00057-0Ivanova, A. A., Surmeneva, M. A., Grubova, I. Y., Sharonova, A. A., Pichugin, V. F., Chaikina, M. V., … Surmenev, R. A. (2013). Influence of the substrate bias on the stoichiometry and structure of RF-magnetron sputter-deposited silver-containing calcium phosphate coatings. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 44(2-3), 218-225. doi:10.1002/mawe.201300101Yonggang, Y., Wolke, J. G. C., Yubao, L., & Jansen, J. A. (2007). The influence of discharge power and heat treatment on calcium phosphate coatings prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 18(6), 1061-1069. doi:10.1007/s10856-007-0119-0Xin, R., Leng, Y., Chen, J., & Zhang, Q. (2005). A comparative study of calcium phosphate formation on bioceramics in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials, 26(33), 6477-6486. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.028Surmeneva, M. A., Tyurin, A. I., Mukhametkaliyev, T. M., Pirozhkova, T. S., Shuvarin, I. A., Syrtanov, M. S., & Surmenev, R. A. (2015). Enhancement of the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy via nanostructured hydroxyapatite thin films fabricated via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 46, 127-136. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.02.025M.A. Surmeneva, M. V. Chaikina, V.I. Zaikovskiy, V.F. Pichugin, V. Buck, O. Prymak, M. Epple, R. a. Surmenev, The structure of an rf-magnetron sputter-deposited silicate-containinghydroxyapatite-based coating investigated by high-resolution techniques, Surf. Coatings Technol. 218 (2013) 39–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.12.023.A. Ivanova, M.A. Surmeneva, A.I. Tyurin, T.S. Pirozhkova, I.A. Shuvarin, O. Prymak, M. Epple, M. V Chaikina, R.A. Surmenev, Applied Surface Science Fabrication and physico-mechanical properties of thin magnetron sputter deposited silver-containing hydroxyapatite films, 360 (2016) 929–935.Ding, S.-J., Ju, C.-P., & Lin, J.-H. C. (1999). Characterization of hydroxyapatite and titanium coatings sputtered on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 44(3), 266-279. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19990305)44:33.0.co;2-4A.R.A. Sagari, Ca-P-O thin film preparation, modification and characterisation, Ph.D thesis, University of Jyväskylä, 2011. https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/37195/Arcot_Rajashekar-Ananda-2011.pdf?sequence=1.Paital, S. R., & Dahotre, N. B. (2009). Calcium phosphate coatings for bio-implant applications: Materials, performance factors, and methodologies. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 66(1-3), 1-70. doi:10.1016/j.mser.2009.05.001Deligianni, D. (2001). Effect of surface roughness of the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V on human bone marrow cell response and on protein adsorption. Biomaterials, 22(11), 1241-1251. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00274-xEchavarría, A. M., Rico, P., Gómez Ribelles, J. L., Pacha-Olivenza, M. A., Fernández-Calderón, M.-C., & Bejarano-G, G. (2017). Development of a Ta/TaN/TaNx(Ag)y/TaN nanocomposite coating system and bio-response study for biomedical applications. Vacuum, 145, 55-67. doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.08.020García, C. G., Ferrus, L. L., Moratal, D., Pradas, M. M., & Sánchez, M. S. (2009). Poly(L-lactide) Substrates with Tailored Surface Chemistry by Plasma Copolymerisation of Acrylic Monomers. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 6(3), 190-198. doi:10.1002/ppap.200800112Perdok, W. G., Christoffersen, J., & Arends, J. (1987). The thermal lattice expansion of calcium hydroxyapatite. Journal of Crystal Growth, 80(1), 149-154. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(87)90534-3Evans, A. G., Crumley, G. B., & Demaray, R. E. (1983). On the mechanical behavior of brittle coatings and layers. Oxidation of Metals, 20(5-6), 193-216. doi:10.1007/bf00656841ASTM C1624-05, Standard Test Method for Adhesion Strength and Mechanical Failure Modes of, Astm. 05 (2015) 1–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1520/C1624-05R15.Scope.Yang, Y. ., & Chang, E. (2001). Influence of residual stress on bonding strength and fracture of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V substrate. Biomaterials, 22(13), 1827-1836. doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00364-1Lenis, J. A., Toro, L. J., & Bolívar, F. J. (2019). Multi-layer bactericidal silver - calcium phosphate coatings obtained by RF magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 367, 203-211. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.03.03