787 research outputs found
Effect of feed on cholesterol concentration and oxidation products development of longissimus dorsi muscle from Iberian pigs
peer-reviewedThe effect of dietary free-range feeding or supplementation with copper and/or vitamin
E in confinement on total cholesterol, neutral and polar lipids and cholesterol oxidation of the longissimus dorsi muscle from Iberian pigs was studied. Free-range fed pigs had higher (P=0.001) contents of γ-tocopherol and lower concentrations of α-tocopherol in the muscle than pigs fed diets supplemented with 100 mg/kg vitamin E. The total cholesterol content of the muscle was not significantly affected by the diets. However, the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio was higher (P<0.05), and consequently the membrane fluidity was lower, in the free-range fed pigs than in the pigs fed in confinement with either copper-supplemented (P<0.05) or vitamin E-supplemented (P<0.01) diets. The proportion of saturated fatty acids in phospholipids was greater (P<0.05) in the free-range fed group, which suggests metabolic regulation to maintain membrane
structure. Free-range feeding produced higher levels of free fatty acids (P<0.01),
lysophosphatidylcholine (P<0.05) and phosphatidylserine (P<0.01) and lower cholesterol esters (P<0.01) and sphingomyelin (P<0.05) in the muscle than the other groups. The ratios of phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin: phosphatidylcholine, which are indicators of membrane fluidity, were not significantly affected in any group. Dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation produced lower β-epoxide (P<0.01), 7β-OH (P<0.05), and total cholesterol oxides (P<0.01) in cooked muscle after refrigerated display than in the other groups. These results indicate that supplementation with dietary α-tocopheryl acetate is more effective in reducing cholesterol oxidation than free-range feeding in cooked muscle from Iberian pigs. In evaluating oxidation, the composition of the muscle and meat treatment have to be considered as well as membrane fluidity.This research was funded by the European
Project AIR-CT94-1577 (DIETOX
Improving outcomes for older people in the emergency department : a review of reviews
Background: There has been a recognised trend of increasing use of emergency and urgent care and emergency departments (EDs) by older people, which is marked by a substantial evidence base reporting interventions for this population and guidance from key organisations. Despite this, outcomes for this population remain suboptimal. A plethora of reviews in this area provides challenges for clinicians and commissioners in determining which interventions and models of care best meet people’s needs. The aim of this review was to identify effective ED interventions which have been reported for older people, and to provide a clear summary of the myriad reviews and numerous intervention types in this area.
Methods: A review of reviews, reporting interventions for older people, either initiated or wholly delivered within the ED.
Results: A total of 15 review articles describing 83 primary studies met our content and reporting standards criteria. The majority (n=13) were systematic reviews (four using meta-analysis.) Across the reviews, 26 different outcomes were reported with inconsistency. Follow-up duration varied within and across the reviews. Based on how authors had reported results, evidence clusters were developed: (1) staff-focused reviews, (2) discharge intervention reviews, (3) population-focused reviews and (4) intervention component reviews.
Conclusions: The evidence base describing interventions is weak due to inconsistent reporting, differing emphasis placed on the key characteristics of primary studies (staff, location and outcome) by review authors and varying quality of reviews. No individual interventions have been found to be more promising, but interventions initiated in the ED and continued into other settings have tended to result in more favourable patient and health service outcomes. Despite many interventions reported within the reviews being holistic and patient focused, outcomes measured were largely service focused.
PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018111461
Ariel - Volume 6 Number 4
Editors
Mark Dembert
J.D. Kanofsky
Frank Chervenak
John Lammie
Curt Cummings
Entertainment
Robert Breckenridge
Joe Conti
Gary Kaskey
Photographer
Larry Glazerman
Overseas Editor
Mike Sinason
Humorist
Jim McCann
Staff
Ken Jaffe
Bob Sklaroff
Halley Faust
Jim Burk
Ariel - Volume 6 Number 4 (Alternate Version)
Editors
Mark Dembert
J.D. Kanofsky
Frank Chervenak
John Lammie
Curt Cummings
Entertainment
Robert Breckenridge
Joe Conti
Gary Kaskey
Photographer
Larry Glazerman
Overseas Editor
Mike Sinason
Humorist
Jim McCann
Staff
Kenn Jaffe
Bob Sklaroff
Halley Faust
Jim Burke
Jay Amsterdam
Morton A. Klein
Nancy Redfer
Evidence for large superhumps in TX Col and V4742 Sgr
Since the discovery of the largest positive superhump period in TV Col, we
have started a program to search for superhumps in CVs with large orbital
periods. Here, we summarize preliminary results of TX Col and V4742 Sgr. TX Col
is an intermediate polar with a 5.7-h orbital period. V4742 Sgr is a recent
nova with no known periods. CCD unfiltered continuous photometry of these 2
objects was carried out during 56 nights in 2002-3. In TX Col, in addition to
the orbital period of 5.7 h, we found peaks at 7.1 h and 5.0 h. These are
interpreted as positive and negative superhumps correspondingly, although the
effects of the quasi-periodic oscillations at about 2 h were not taken into
consideration. In the light curve of V4742 Sgr 2 long periods are detected --
6.1 and 5.4 h as well as a short-term period at 1.6 h. This result suggests
that V4742 Sgr is an intermediate polar candidate and a permanent superhump
system with a large orbital period (5.4 h) and a superhump period excess of 13
percent. If these results are confirmed, TX Col, V4742 Sgr and TV Col form a
group of intermediate polars with extremely large superhump periods. There
seems to be now growing evidence that superhumps can occur in intermediate
polars with long orbital periods, which is very likely inconsistent with the
theoretical prediction that superhumps can only occur in systems with mass
ratios below 0.33. Alternatively, if the mass ratio in these systems is
nevertheless below the theoretical limit, they should harbour undermassive
secondaries and massive white dwarfs, near the Chandrasekhar limit, which would
make them excellent candidates for progenitors of supernovae type Ia.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 3 sty files, To appear in the proceedings of IAU
JD5, `White Dwarfs: Galactic and Cosmological Probes', eds. Ed Sion, Stephane
Vennes and Harry Shipman, Full abstract in pape
Optimisation of assessment of maximal rate of heart rate increase for tracking training-induced changes in endurance exercise performance
The maximal rate of heart rate (HR) increase (rHRI), a marker of HR acceleration during transition from rest to submaximal exercise, correlates with exercise performance. In this cohort study, whether rHRI tracked performance better when evaluated over shorter time-periods which include a greater proportion of HR acceleration and less steady-state HR was evaluated. rHRI and five-km treadmill running time-trial performance (5TTT) were assessed in 15 runners following one week of light training (LT), two weeks of heavy training (HT) and 10-day taper (T). rHRI was the first derivative maximum of a sigmoidal curve fit to one, two, three and four minutes of R-R data during transition from rest to running at 8 km/h (rHRI8 km/h), 10.5 km/h, 13 km/h and transition from 8 to 13 km/h (rHRI8-13km/h). 5TTT time increased from LT to HT (effect size [ES] 1.0, p < 0.001) then decreased from HT to T (ES -1.7, p < 0.001). 5TTT time was inversely related to rHRI8 km/h assessed over two (B = -5.54, p = 0.04) three (B = -5.34, p = 0.04) and four (B = -5.37, p = 0.04) minutes, and rHRI8-13km/h over one (B = -11.62, p = 0.006) and three (B = -11.44, p = 0.03) minutes. 5TTT correlated most consistently with rHRI8 km/h. rHRI8 km/h assessed over two to four minutes may be suitable for evaluating athlete responses to training.Maximillian J. Nelson, Clint R. Bellenger, Rebecca L. Thomson, Eileen Y. Robertson, Kade Davison, Daniela Schäfer Olstad, Jonathan D. Buckle
Acute resveratrol supplementation improves flow-mediated dilatation in overweight/obese individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD) is a biomarker of endothelial function and cardiovascular health. Impaired FMD is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and obesity. Various food ingredients such as polyphenols have been shown to improve FMD. We investigated whether consuming resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, can enhance FMD acutely and whether there is a dose-response relationship for this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS: 19 overweight/obese (BMI 25-35 kg m(-2)) men or post-menopausal women with untreated borderline hypertension (systolic BP: 130-160 mmHg or diastolic BP: 85-100 mmHg) consumed three doses of resveratrol (resVida™ 30, 90 and 270 mg) and a placebo at weekly intervals in a double-blind, randomized crossover comparison. One hour after consumption of the supplement, plasma resveratrol and FMD were measured. Data were analyzed by linear regression versus log(10) dose of resveratrol. 14 men and 5 women (age 55 ± 2 years, BMI 28.7 ± 0.5 kg m(-2), BP 141 ± 2/89 ± 1 mmHg) completed this study. There was a significant dose effect of resveratrol on plasma resveratrol concentration (P < 0.001) and on FMD (P < 0.01), which increased from 4.1 ± 0.8% (placebo) to 7.7 ± 1.5% after 270 mg resveratrol. FMD was also linearly related to log(10) plasma resveratrol concentration (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Acute resveratrol consumption increased plasma resveratrol concentrations and FMD in a dose-related manner. This effect may contribute to the purported cardiovascular health benefits of grapes and red wine
Indirect Dark Matter Detection from Dwarf Satellites: Joint Expectations from Astrophysics and Supersymmetry
We present a general methodology for determining the gamma-ray flux from
annihilation of dark matter particles in Milky Way satellite galaxies, focusing
on two promising satellites as examples: Segue 1 and Draco. We use the
SuperBayeS code to explore the best-fitting regions of the Constrained Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) parameter space, and an independent MCMC
analysis of the dark matter halo properties of the satellites using published
radial velocities. We present a formalism for determining the boost from halo
substructure in these galaxies and show that its value depends strongly on the
extrapolation of the concentration-mass (c(M)) relation for CDM subhalos down
to the minimum possible mass. We show that the preferred region for this
minimum halo mass within the CMSSM with neutralino dark matter is ~10^-9-10^-6
solar masses. For the boost model where the observed power-law c(M) relation is
extrapolated down to the minimum halo mass we find average boosts of about 20,
while the Bullock et al (2001) c(M) model results in boosts of order unity. We
estimate that for the power-law c(M) boost model and photon energies greater
than a GeV, the Fermi space-telescope has about 20% chance of detecting a dark
matter annihilation signal from Draco with signal-to-noise greater than 3 after
about 5 years of observation
Circulating pancreatic polypeptide concentrations predict visceral and liver fat content
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: No current biomarker can reliably predict visceral and liver fat content, both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vagal tone has been suggested to influence regional fat deposition. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is secreted from the endocrine pancreas under vagal control. We investigated the utility of PP in predicting visceral and liver fat.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fasting plasma PP concentrations were measured in 104 overweight and obese subjects (46 men and 58 women). In the same subjects, total and regional adipose tissue, including total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and total subcutaneous adipose tissue (TSAT), were measured using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Intrahepatocellular lipid content (IHCL) was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
RESULTS: Fasting plasma PP concentrations positively and significantly correlated with both VAT (r = 0.57, P < .001) and IHCL (r = 0.51, P < .001), but not with TSAT (r = 0.02, P = .88). Fasting PP concentrations independently predicted VAT after controlling for age and sex. Fasting PP concentrations independently predicted IHCL after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, homeostatic model assessment 2-insulin resistance, (HOMA2-IR) and serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Fasting PP concentrations were associated with serum ALT, TG, TC, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure (P < .05). These associations were mediated by IHCL and/or VAT. Fasting PP and HOMA2-IR were independently significantly associated with hepatic steatosis (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic polypeptide is a novel predictor of visceral and liver fat content, and thus a potential biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification and targeted treatment of patients with ectopic fat deposition
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