Differential expression of genes in follicular cells of swines

The main purpose of the present study was to identify for candidate genes related to ovulation in swines. To do so, it was investigated in ovarian follicular cells through quantitative real-time PCR the differential expression of the following genes: steroidogenic acute regulator (STAR), GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), progesterone receptor (P4R), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19). These genes encode hormone receptors (FSHR and P4R), hormone (PGF2α), steroidogenic proteins (STAR and CYP19) and transcription factor (GATA). Folicular cells were collected from sows with high and low number of piglets/litters during the follicular phase of the estrus cycle. There was difference in transcript abundance among low and high prolific sows for the STAR, GATA, PGF2α, P4R and CYP19 genes. For the FSHR gene, the fold change was not considered to be significantly different. Because in the present study only the transcript level of the above mentioned genes was analyzed, no inference can be made regarded to protein translation or activity. Therefore, gene sequence trials and other functional studies will be necessary to complement the present results, allowing a better understanding on biological complexity of these genes and their use as markers for prolificity in swines.O objetivo neste trabalho foi identificar genes candidatos relacionados à ovulação em suínos. Para tanto, investigou-se a expressão diferencial dos genes STAR (steroidogenic acute regulator), GATA (GATA-binding protein 4), PGF2α (prostaglandin F2α), P4R (progesterone receptor), FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) e CYP19 (cytochrome P450 aromatase) em células foliculares ovarianas por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qRT-PCR) quantitativo em tempo real. Esses genes codificam para receptores hormonais (FSHR e P4R) hormônio (PGF2α), proteínas esteroidogênicas (STAR e CYP19) e fator de transcrição (GATA). As células foliculares foram coletadas durante a fase folicular do ciclo estral de porcas com alto e baixo número de leitões/leitegada. Houve diferença na abundância de transcritos entre porcas com alta e baixa prolificidade para os genes STAR, GATA, PGF2α, P4R and CYP19. Para o gene do FSHR, a alteração na abundância dos transcritos não foi significativamente diferente. Considerando que foi analisado somente o nível de transcrição desses genes mencionados, não se pode fazer inferências com relação à tradução ou atividade proteica. Portanto, ensaios de sequenciamento gênico e outras análises funcionais serão necessários para complementar esses achados e possibilitar melhor entendimento da complexidade biológica desses genes e seu uso como marcadores para prolificidade em suínos

Efecto del aceite de palma sobre el crecimiento y capacidad reproductiva de carneros de pelo púberes

The average daily gain (GDP), semen quality, libido, and serviceability in 8 hair rams (Black Belly × Kathadin and Pelibuey × Kathadin) supplemented with rations containing a 3 % of palm oil (AP) or animal fat (GA) were studied during 120 days. During the first 60 days, lambs were fed with 300 g/animal/d of a diet with 3 % of animal fat and, the following 60 days, each lamb received 500 g of feed. In the experimental group GA was replaced by AP. The average daily weight gain (GDP), body condition score (CC), scrotal circumference (CE), thoracic perimeter (PT), height at withers (AC) and length from the withers to the rump (LCG) were evaluated. The seminal quality was evaluated from 6 months of age and average weight of 26.0 kg. During seven weeks, the volume, concentra- tion, mass motility, individual primary abnormalities and living sperm percentage were assessed. To evaluate the libido and capacity of mating, the males were placed for 15 minutes with estrogenized females; number of mounts (NM), number of servi- ces (NS), number of mounts by service (NMS), reaction time (TR) to matings (1M, 2M, 3M) and services (1S, 2S, 3S), were recorded. The varia- bles were analyzed by ANOVA. There were no differences among AP and GA for the evaluated variables for PV, GDP, PT, CC, AC, and LCG. Semen quality, libido and serving capacity were similar. The number of services and reaction times for mount and service were also similar for both treatments, however diferents were observed in the number of mounts and so in number of mounts by service. The AP is an energetic alternative that can be considered in the feeding of rams in the tropics without affecting growth, the seminal quality and libido.Se evaluó la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), calidad seminal, libido y capacidad de servicio en carneros de pelo, bajo pastoreo y suplementados con raciones conteniendo un 3 % de aceite de palma (AP) o grasa animal (GA). Se utilizaron ocho corderos Black Belly × Kathadin y Pelibuey × Kathadin. A los animales se les suministró durante los primeros 60 días, 300 g por cabeza de una ración con 3 % de GA, cantidad que se elevó a 500 g desde los 60 a los 120 días. En el grupo expe- rimental GA se sustituyó por la misma proporción de aceite de palma. Cada 14 días se evaluó el peso vivo (PV), GDP, condición corporal (CC), circun- ferencia escrotal (CE), perímetro torácico (PT), altura a la cruz (AC) y largo de la cruz a la grupa (LCG). La calidad seminal se evaluó a partir de los 6 meses de edad con un peso promedio de 26,0 kg. Durante siete semanas, se evaluó el volumen, concentración, motilidad masal e individual, % de anormalidades primarias y % de espermatozoides vivos. La libido y capacidad de monta se valoró con hembras estrogenizadas registrando el nú- mero de montas (NM), el número de servicios (NS), el número de montas por servicio (NMS), tiempo de reacción (TR) a las sucesivas montas (1M, 2M, 3M) y servicios (1S, 2S y 3S). Las variables se analizaron mediante un ANOVA. No se registraron diferencias entre AP y GA para las variables PV, GDP, PT, CC, AC y LCG. La calidad seminal, libido y capacidad de servicio fueron similares en ambos tratamientos. El número de servicios y el tiempo de reacción a la monta o al servicio fueron similares en ambos tratamientos sin embargo se observa- ron diferencias en el número de montas lo que se reflejó en el número de montas por servicio. El aceite de palma es una alternativa energética para la alimentación de carneros en el trópico que no afecta al crecimiento, calidad seminal y libido

PERFORMANCE OF HAIR EWES LAMBS WITH DIFFERENTS LEVELS OF PALM KERNEL MEAL IN GRAINS SUBSTITUTION

The nutritional status is an important factor on the productive and reproductive performance in ewes. Four levels of palm kernel meal (HP) in substitution of corn grain were evaluated on posweaning performance of hair ewe lambs. Forty-three hair ewe lambs (11.72 ± 0.33 kg de body weight) were assigned to isoenergetic and isoproteic diets with 0, 15, 30 and 45% of HP (HP0, HP15, HP30 y HP45, respectively; n=9 per treatment) and grazing (PASTO), for 112 days. It was evaluated the final live weight (PVF), daily weight gain (GDP), body condition (CC), feed conversion (CA), and feed efficiency (EUA). In base to economic registers was determined the optimal economic and profit maximization of the levels evaluated. The CC was similar (P > 0.05) between HP0, HP15, HP30 and HP45. The PVF, GDP, CA and EUA, between HP0, HP15 and HP30 were similar (P < 0.05), with tendencies to be different (P < 0.08) with the lambs of HP45 and different (P < 0.05) with PASTO. The lambs of HP45 and PASTO recorded the lowest GDP (99.03 ± 0.89 and 42.84 ± 0.51 g d-1), CA (6.24 ± 0.57 and 13.82 ± 4.0 kg feed kg-1 of live weight) and EUA (18.64 ± 1.4 and 8.09 ± 0.99%). The economic optimal was obtained between 15 and 30% of inclusion of HP and the maximum profit obtained was $286.80 pesos with HP30. So it is possible to replace grains with HP up to 30% with similar performance and better profit

Very low latency search for low mass compact binary coalescences in the LIGO S6 and Virgo VSR2 data

International audienceA very low latency search pipeline has been developed for the LIGO S6 and Virgo VSR2 science runs, targeting signals from coalescing compact binary systems with total mass from 2 to 35 solar masses. The goal of this search is to provide both single-detector triggers and multi-detector coincident triggers with a latency of a few minutes, the former for online detector monitoring and the latter to allow searching for electromagnetic counterparts to possible gravitational wave candidates. The features and current performance of this low latency search pipeline are presented

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora