La acción exterior de las Comunidades Autónomomas: el caso de las selecciones deportivas

La importancia mediática concedida a las competiciones deportivas internacionales no ha escapado de la atención de algunos dirigentes autonómicos que ven en ellas un símbolo de identidad y visibilidad exterior. Negada esta posibilidad por el momento en los deportes más relevantes, las Comunidades iniciaron en la década de los ochenta un camino de reivindicación política, legislativa y judicial dirigido a conseguir que sus selecciones «nacionales» autonómicas puedan participar en competiciones internacionales del máximo nivel. La proyección exterior de las Comunidades Autónomas fue marginada en los primeros Estatutos, pero, la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 165/94 permitió un enorme espacio para su proyección exterior al hacerla depender de su ámbito de competencias y de su pertinencia para una efectiva ejecución de las mismas. Recientemente, las reformas estatutarias le han otorgado un tratamiento preferente derivado de su importancia para la conformación del Estado. A través de su conexión con la competencia relativa a la cultura y a la promoción del deporte, como mediante la fuerza de los hechos, las selecciones autonómicas disponen cada día de mayor soporte para su inclusión en competiciones internacionales.La importància mediàtica concedida a les competicions esportives internacionals no s’ha escapat de l’atenció d’alguns dirigents autonòmics que hi veuen un símbol d’identitat i visibilitat exterior. Negada aquesta possibilitat de moment en els esports més rellevants, les comunitats van iniciar durant la dècada dels vuitanta un camí de reivindicació política, legislativa i judicial dirigit a aconseguir que les seues seleccions nacionals autonòmiques puguen participar en competicions internacionals del màxim nivell. La projecció exterior de les comunitats autònomes va ser marginada en els primers estatuts; però, la sentència del Tribunal Constitucional 165/94 va permetre un enorme espai per a la seua projecció exterior en fer-la dependre del seu àmbit de competències i de la seua pertinència per a una efectiva execució d’aquestes. Recentment, les reformes estatutàries hi han atorgat un tractament preferent derivat de la seua importància per a la conformació de l’estat. A través de la connexió amb la competència relativa a la cultura i a la promoció de l’esport, com mitjançant la força dels fets, les seleccions autonòmiques disposen cada dia de major suport per a la inclusió en competicions internacionals.The importance given to the international sport competitions by the media industry has also reached some autonomic leaders, seeing in them an identity symbol and a possible external projection. So far this possibility has been denied concerning the most popular sports. The Autonomies started claiming political, legislative and legal recognition in the eighties so that the national autonomic teams could take part in the top international competitions. The external projection of the Autonomies was declined in the fist Statutes, subsequently, the sentence of the Constitutional Court 165/94 allowed its external projection to a large extent since it came to depend on their own competence sphere and on its importance to accomplish an effective performance. Recently, it has acquired a special status, given its importance to shape the State. Through its connexion to culture and sport promotion, as facts strongly prove, national autonomic teams have an increasing support to be included in international sport competitions

The role of the particle aspect ratio in the discharge of a narrow silo

The time evolution of silo discharge is investigated for different granular materials made of spherical or elongated grains in laboratory experiments and with discrete element model (DEM) calculations. For spherical grains, we confirm the widely known typical behavior with constant discharge rate (except for initial and final transients). For elongated particles with aspect ratios between 2 < L/d < 6.1, we find a peculiar flow rate increase for larger orifices before the end of the discharge process. While the flow field is practically homogeneous for spherical grains, it has strong gradients for elongated particles with a fast-flowing region in the middle of the silo surrounded by a stagnant zone. For large enough orifice sizes, the flow rate increase is connected with a suppression of the stagnant zone, resulting in an increase in both the packing fraction and flow velocity near the silo outlet within a certain parameter range

The role of the particle aspect ratio in the discharge of a narrow silo

The time evolution of silo discharge is investigated for different granular materials made of spherical or elongated grains in laboratory experiments and with discrete element model (DEM) calculations. For spherical grains, we confirm the widely known typical behavior with constant discharge rate (except for initial and final transients). For elongated particles with aspect ratios between 2 < L/d < 6.1, we find a peculiar flow rate increase for larger orifices before the end of the discharge process. While the flow field is practically homogeneous for spherical grains, it has strong gradients for elongated particles with a fast-flowing region in the middle of the silo surrounded by a stagnant zone. For large enough orifice sizes, the flow rate increase is connected with a suppression of the stagnant zone, resulting in an increase in both the packing fraction and flow velocity near the silo outlet within a certain parameter range

Cohort profile: the Hortega Study for the evaluation of non-traditional risk factors of cardiometabolic and other chronic diseases in a general population from Spain.

PURPOSE: The Hortega Study is a prospective study, which investigates novel determinants of selected chronic conditions with an emphasis on cardiovascular health in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. PARTICIPANTS: In 1997, a mailed survey was sent to a random selection of public health system beneficiaries assigned to the University Hospital Rio Hortega's catchment area in Valladolid (Spain) (n=11 423, phase I), followed by a pilot examination in 1999-2000 of 495 phase I participants (phase II). In 2001-2003, the examination of 1502 individuals constituted the Hortega Study baseline examination visit (phase III, mean age 48.7 years, 49% men, 17% with obesity, 27% current smokers). Follow-up of phase III participants (also termed Hortega Follow-up Study) was obtained as of 30 November 2015 through review of health records (9.5% of participants without follow-up information). FINDINGS TO DATE: The Hortega Study integrates baseline information of traditional and non-traditional factors (metabolomic including lipidomic and oxidative stress metabolites, genetic variants and environmental factors, such as metals), with 14 years of follow-up for the assessment of mortality and incidence of chronic diseases. Preliminary analysis of time to event data shows that well-known cardiovascular risk factors are associated with cardiovascular incidence rates, which add robustness to our cohort. FUTURE PLANS: In 2020, we will review updated health and mortality records of this ongoing cohort for a 5-year follow-up extension. We will also re-examine elder survivors to evaluate specific aspects of ageing and conduct geolocation to study additional environmental exposures. Stored biological specimens are available for analysis of new biomarkers. The Hortega Study will, thus, enable the identification of novel factors based on time to event data, potentially contributing to the prevention and control of chronic diseases in ageing populations

Determinación de los parámetros de ablación de contaminantes sobre láminas OHP mediante un láser Nd:YAG y su aplicación en limpieza láser

En este trabajo se determinaron los parámetros para la limpieza por ablación láser de contaminantes depositados mediante atracción electrostática sobre sustratos de láminas de acetato de celulosa (OHP) y su análisis mediante la medición de la transmitancia de la superficie irradiada en función de la energía por pulso de un láser Nd:YAG. La energía fue controlada mediante el tiempo de retraso del Q-switch usando longitudes de onda en la región infrarroja de 1064 nm y luz visible verde de 532 nm. Se utilizó un máximo de 10 pulsos láser con una frecuencia de 1 Hz sobre lo s sustratos con contaminantes con 9 μm y 11 μm de espesor. Se encontró que para la limpieza láser sin daños de sustratos de la s láminas OHP, es conveniente usar una longitud de onda de 1064 nm, con una fluencia de 0.4 J/cm2 y usando un máximo de 6 pulsos. Se verificaron las ventajas de la radiación láser pulsada en la limpieza no destructiva de sustratos con contaminantes y el análisis de la transmitancia del sustrato en el monitoreo de los procesos de interacción láser-materia

ReishiMax, mushroom based dietary supplement, inhibits adipocyte differentiation, stimulates glucose uptake and activates AMPK

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Obesity is a health hazard which is closely associated with various complications including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancer. In spite of numerous preclinical and clinical interventions, the prevalence of obesity and its related disorders are on the rise demanding an urgent need for exploring novel therapeutic agents that can regulate adipogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated whether a dietary supplement ReishiMax (RM), containing triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from medicinal mushroom <it>Ganoderma lucidum</it>, affects adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes and treated with RM (0-300 μg/ml). Adipocyte differentiation/lipid uptake was evaluated by oil red O staining and triglyceride and glycerol concentrations were determined. Gene expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Glucose uptake was determined with [³H]-glucose.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>RM inhibited adipocyte differentiation through the suppresion of expression of adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element binding element protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α). RM also suppressed expression of enzymes and proteins responsible for lipid synthesis, transport and storage: fatty acid synthase (FAS), acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACS1), fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4), fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP1) and perilipin. RM induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased glucose uptake by adipocytes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study suggests that RM can control adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake. The health benefits of ReishiMax warrant further clinical studies.</p

Estudio del incremento volumétrico del Cupressus lusitanica Mill. en relación a la edad y al sitio

Tesis (M. Sc) -- IICA, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 195