Start-up inertia as an origin for heterogeneous flow

For quite some time non-monotonic flow curve was thought to be a requirement for shear banded flows in complex fluids. Thus, in simple yield stress fluids shear banding was considered to be absent. Recent spatially resolved rheological experiments have found simple yield stress fluids to exhibit shear banded flow profiles. One proposed mechanism for the initiation of such transient shear banding process has been a small stress heterogeneity rising from the experimental device geometry. Here, using Computational Fluid Dynamics methods, we show that transient shear banding can be initialized even under homogeneous stress conditions by the fluid start-up inertia, and that such mechanism indeed is present in realistic experimental conditions

Use of Mereological Approach for Ontological Constructing in Education Tasks

Mereological approach is an important instrument of ontological analysis that deals with the different aspects of the fundamental relations between the ontology's concepts “is a part”. All mistakes of this phase result to the great problems on the understanding of the subject domain and student skills examining in the learning process. We propose to classify the subtypes of all mereological relations of domain ontology for their more correct development.Мереологический подход является важным инструментом онтологического анализа, который касается  различных аспектов фундаментальных отношения между онтологическими терминами типа “быть частью”. Ошибки, возникающие на этом этапе, приводят к значительным проблемам в понимании предметной области и оценке навыков студентов в процессе обучения. Мы предлагаем классифицировать все мереологические отношения онтологии домена для ее более корректной разработки.Мереологічний підхід є важливим інструментом онтологічного аналізу, що стосується  різних аспектів фундаментальних відношень між онтологічними термінами типу “бути частиною”. Усі помилки, що виникають на цьому етапі, приводять до значних проблем у розумінні предметної області й оцінці навичок студентів у процесі навчання. Ми пропонуємо класифікувати всі мереологічні відношення в онтології домену для її більш коректної розробки

Use of Mereological Approach for Ontological Constructing in Education Tasks

Mereological approach is an important instrument of ontological analysis that deals with the different aspects of the fundamental relations between the ontology's concepts “is a part”. All mistakes of this phase result to the great problems on the understanding of the subject domain and student skills examining in the learning process. We propose to classify the subtypes of all mereological relations of domain ontology for their more correct development.Mereological approach is an important instrument of ontological analysis that deals with the different aspects of the fundamental relations between the ontology's concepts “is a part”. All mistakes of this phase result to the great problems on the understanding of the subject domain and student skills examining in the learning process. We propose to classify the subtypes of all mereological relations of domain ontology for their more correct development

Theoretical and experimental assessment of the non-linear scattering functions for the cad of non-linear microwave circuits

The Non-Linear Scattering Functions have been theoretically defined and experimentally measured for the linear-equivalent design of non-linear circuits in arbitrary large signal conditions. Non-linear measures and simulations have been compared, with good agreement. Linear CAD concepts can therefore be extended to non-linear circuits in a rigorous way

RF and IF mixer optimum matching impedances extracted by large-signal vectorial measurements

This paper introduces a new technique that allows us to measure the admittance conversion matrix of a two-port device,using a Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer.This method is applied to extract the conversion matrix of a 0.2 µµµµm pHEMT,driven by a 4.8 GHz pump signal,at different power levels,using an intermediate frequency of 600 MHz.The issue on data inconsistency due to phase randomization among different measurements is discussed and a proper pre- processing algorithm is proposed to fix the problem. The output of this work consists of a comprehensive experimental evaluation of up-and down-conversion maximum gain,stability,and optimal RF and IF impedances

Carboplatin binding to a model protein in non-NaCl conditions to eliminate partial conversion to cisplatin, and the use of different criteria to choose the resolution limit

Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) co-crystallisation conditions of carboplatin without sodium chloride (NaCl) have been utilised to eliminate partial conversion of carboplatin to cisplatin observed previously. Tetragonal HEWL crystals were successfully obtained in 65% MPD with 0.1M citric acid buffer at pH 4.0 including DMSO. The X-ray diffraction data resolution to be used for the model refinement was reviewed using several topical criteria together. The CC1/2 criterion implemented in XDS led to data being significant to 2.0{\AA}, compared to the data only being able to be processed to 3.0{\AA} using the Bruker software package (SAINT). Then using paired protein model refinements and DPI values based on the FreeR value, the resolution limit was fine tuned to be 2.3{\AA}. Interestingly this was compared with results from the EVAL software package which gave a resolution limit of 2.2{\AA} solely using crossing 2, but 2.8{\AA} based on the Rmerge values (60%). The structural results showed that carboplatin bound to only the N{\delta} binding site of His-15 one week after crystal growth, whereas five weeks after crystal growth, two molecules of carboplatin are bound to the His-15 residue. In summary several new results have emerged: - firstly non-NaCl conditions showed a carboplatin molecule bound to His-15 of HEWL; secondly binding of one molecule of carboplatin was seen after one week of crystal growth and two molecules were bound after five weeks of crystal growth; and thirdly the use of several criteria to determine the diffraction resolution limit led to the successful use of data to higher resolution.Comment: 14 pages; submitted to Acta Cryst D Biological Crystallography reference number tz504

Is an Impacted Morselized Graft in a Cage an Alternative for Reconstructing Segmental Diaphyseal Defects?

Large diaphyseal bone defects often are reconstructed with large structural allografts but these are prone to major complications. We therefore asked whether impacted morselized bone graft could be an alternative for a massive structural graft in reconstructing large diaphyseal bone defects. Defects in the femora of goats were reconstructed using a cage filled with firmly impacted morselized allograft or with a structural cortical autograft (n = 6 in both groups). All reconstructions were stabilized with an intramedullary nail. The goats were allowed full weightbearing. In all reconstructions, the grafts united radiographically. Mechanical torsion strength of the femur with the cage and structural cortical graft reconstructions were 66.6% and 60.3%, respectively, as compared with the contralateral femurs after 6 months. Histologically, the impacted morselized graft was replaced completely by new viable bone. In the structural graft group, a mixture of new and necrotic bone was present. Incorporation of the impacted graft into new viable bone suggests this type of reconstruction may be safer than reconstruction with a structural graft in which creeping substitution results in a mixture of viable and necrotic bone that can fracture. The data suggest that a cage filled with a loaded morselized graft could be an alternative for the massive cortical graft in reconstruction of large diaphyseal defects in an animal model