The relationship between postpartum depression and maternal emotional availability

A depressão pós-parto é um transtorno de alta prevalência que pode comprometer a qualidade da relação mãe-criança. Este estudo pretende determinar a prevalência do referido transtorno, comparar a interação mãe-bebê nos grupos com e sem depressão e verificar a relação entre depressão, apoio social e estilos de relacionamento e disponibilidade emocional maternos. As participantes eram gestantes que pretendiam dar à luz no Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo entre dezembro de 2006 e dezembro de 2008. A prevalência de depressão pós-parto em nossa amostra foi 28%. Não houve diferença significativa na relação mãe-criança no grupo com e sem depressão. Encontrou-se correlação positiva entre sensibilidade materna e escolaridade e entre sensibilidade e certas dimensões de apoio social e estilo de relacionamento. Conclui-se que a prevalência de depressão pós-parto em nossa amostra é mais alta que a média mundial, mas a sintomatologia depressiva não interfere significativamente na qualidade da interação mãe-bebê. A sensibilidade materna é influenciada por fatores sócio-cognitivos e afetivos.Postpartum depression is a highly prevalent disorder that can interfere in the mother-infant relationship. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum depression in our sample to compare mother-infant interaction in depressed and non-depressed mothers and to assess the relationship between maternal depression, social support, attachment style, and emotional availability. Participants were pregnant women who planned to deliver at the University of São Paulo Hospital between December 2006 and December 2008. Postpartum depression prevalence in our sample was 28%. No difference was found in emotional availability between depressed and non-depressed mothers. There was a positive correlation between maternal sensitivity and education, and between sensitivity and some dimensions of social support and attachment styles. We conclude that postpartum depression prevalence in our sample was higher than the average international rates, but that depressive symptoms do not impair mother-infant interaction. Maternal sensitivity is affected by socio-cognitive and emotional factors.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Dinámica de las tierras irrigadas en el centro-oeste de Argentina durante el período 1986-2018: análisis a partir de la anomalía del índice de vegetación mejorado

Los cambios en las áreas de riego de zonas áridas tienen fuertes implicancias para la producción de alimentos, la demanda de agua, la sustentabilidad de los cultivos y los acuíferos subterráneos. Los oasis del Centro-Oeste de Argentina constituyen una de las mayores áreas de riego en zonas áridas de Sudamérica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la dinámica espacial y temporal de las áreas irrigadas del Centro-Oeste de Argentina en el período 1986-2018, su relación con la evolución del sistema agrícola-productivo y los factores impulsores de cambio en los usos de la tierra. Para el análisis de las áreas de riego se utilizó un modelo empírico que permite estimar las anomalías de evapotranspiración a partir del índice EVI, implementado en la plataforma Google Earth Engine. El área irrigada se incrementó un 17%, impulsada por el crecimiento en las cuencas de los ríos Tunuyán Superior (36%), San Juan (19%) y Mendoza (10,4%). El crecimiento de las áreas irrigadas comprende, principalmente, la expansión hacia el pedemonte mediante el aprovechamiento de aguas subterráneas y nuevas zonas de reúso de efluentes cloacales. El abandono de sitios de riego se asocia al avance urbano sobre áreas irrigadas y el abandono en áreas marginales, donde se produce una profunda transformación en el uso de la tierra y del agua. Los resultados encontrados sugieren un aporte sostenido de agua de riego en sitios abandonados para la producción agrícola y una disminución del área irrigada y cultivada durante la última década. Las transformaciones encontradas en los patrones de riego, tipo de cultivos y el área irrigada total tienen fuertes implicancias para los balances hídricos, por lo que deben ser consideradas para la planificación territorial y la gestión sustentable del agua en las cuencas del Centro-Oeste de Argentina.Irrigated cropland changes in arid regions have strong implications for food production, water demand, crop and groundwater sustainability. The oases of Central-Western Argentina constitute one of the largest irrigated areas across South America. The aim of this paper is to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of the irrigated lands in Central-Western Argentina in the period 1986-2018, their relationship with the evolution of the agricultural-productive system and the drivers of land use change. For the analysis of irrigated areas, an empirical model was used to estimate evapotranspiration anomalies based on the EVI index, implemented in the Google Earth Engine cloud-computing platform. The irrigated area increased by 17%, driven by growth in the Upper Tunuyán (36%), San Juan (19%) and Mendoza (10.4%) river basins. The growth of irrigated areas mainly includes expansion into the foothills through the use of groundwater and new sewage effluent reuse areas. The abandonment of irrigated plots is associated with urban sprawling over irrigated croplands and abandonment in marginal areas, where a deep transformation in land and water use occurs. The results suggest an irrigation water supply sustained in plots abandoned for agricultural production and a decrease in irrigated and cultivated area during the last decade. The transformations found in irrigation patterns, crop choices and total irrigated area have strong implications for water balances and should be considered for territorial planning and sustainable water management in the Central-Western Argentina basins.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

Evaluation of Hungarian Wines for Resveratrol by Overpressured Layer Chromatography

A method, including solid phase extraction sample preparation, overpressured layer chromatographic separation and subsequent densitometric evaluation, was developed for measurement of total resveratrol (cis- and trans-isomers) content of wine. The amount of resveratrol was determined in wine samples from different winemaking regions of Hungary. The total resveratrol was high in Hungarian red wines (3.6–11 mg/L), and much lower in white ones (0.04–1.5 mg/L)

Diabetes screening with hemoglobin A1c prior to a change in guideline recommendations: prevalence and patient characteristics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In January 2010, the American Diabetes Association recommended the use of hemoglobin A1c (Hgb A1c) to screen and diagnose diabetes. This study explored the prevalence and clinical context of Hgb A1c tests done for non-diabetic primary care patients for the three years prior to the release of the new guidelines. We sought to determine the provision of tests in non-diabetic patients age 19 or over, patients age 45 and over (eligible for routine diabetes screening), the annual change in the rate of this screening test, and the patient characteristics associated with the provision of Hgb A1c screening.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a retrospective study using data routinely collected in Electronic Medical Records. The participants were thirteen community-based family physicians in Toronto, Ontario. We calculated the proportion of non diabetic patients who had at least one Hbg A1c done in three years. We used logistic generalized estimating equation with year treated as a continuous variable to test for a non-zero slope in yearly Hbg A1c provision. We modelled screening using multivariable logistic regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 11,792 non-diabetic adults. Of these, 1,678 (14.2%; 95%CI 13.6%-14.9%) had at least one Hgb A1c test done; this was higher for patients 45 years of age or older (20.2%; 95% CI 19.3% - 21.2%). The proportion of non-diabetic patients with an A1c test increased from 5.2% in 2007 to 8.8% in 2009 (p < 0.0001 for presence of slope). Factors associated with significantly greater adjusted odds ratios of having the test done included increasing diastolic blood pressure, increasing fasting glucose, increasing body mass index, increasing age, as well as male gender and presence of hypertension, but not smoking status or LDL cholesterol. Patients living in the highest income quintile neighbourhoods had significantly lower odds ratios of having this test done than those in the lowest quintile (p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A large and increasing proportion of the non-diabetic patients we studied have had an Hgb A1c for screening prior to guidelines recommending the test for this purpose. Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes were associated with the provision of the Hgb A1c. Early uptake of the test may represent appropriate utilization.</p

A Nonluminescent and Highly Virulent Vibrio harveyi Strain Is Associated with “Bacterial White Tail Disease” of Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

Recurrent outbreaks of a disease in pond-cultured juvenile and subadult Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp in several districts in China remain an important problem in recent years. The disease was characterized by “white tail” and generally accompanied by mass mortalities. Based on data from the microscopical analyses, PCR detection and 16S rRNA sequencing, a new Vibrio harveyi strain (designated as strain HLB0905) was identified as the etiologic pathogen. The bacterial isolation and challenge tests demonstrated that the HLB0905 strain was nonluminescent but highly virulent. It could cause mass mortality in affected shrimp during a short time period with a low dose of infection. Meanwhile, the histopathological and electron microscopical analysis both showed that the HLB0905 strain could cause severe fiber cell damages and striated muscle necrosis by accumulating in the tail muscle of L. vannamei shrimp, which led the affected shrimp to exhibit white or opaque lesions in the tail. The typical sign was closely similar to that caused by infectious myonecrosis (IMN), white tail disease (WTD) or penaeid white tail disease (PWTD). To differentiate from such diseases as with a sign of “white tail” but of non-bacterial origin, the present disease was named as “bacterial white tail disease (BWTD)”. Present study revealed that, just like IMN and WTD, BWTD could also cause mass mortalities in pond-cultured shrimp. These results suggested that some bacterial strains are changing themselves from secondary to primary pathogens by enhancing their virulence in current shrimp aquaculture system

An Analysis on the Detection of Biological Contaminants Aboard Aircraft

The spread of infectious disease via commercial airliner travel is a significant and realistic threat. To shed some light on the feasibility of detecting airborne pathogens, a sensor integration study has been conducted and computational investigations of contaminant transport in an aircraft cabin have been performed. Our study took into consideration sensor sensitivity as well as the time-to-answer, size, weight and the power of best available commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. We conducted computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate three types of scenarios: (1) nominal breathing (up to 20 breaths per minute) and coughing (20 times per hour); (2) nominal breathing and sneezing (4 times per hour); and (3) nominal breathing only. Each scenario was implemented with one or seven infectious passengers expelling air and sneezes or coughs at the stated frequencies. Scenario 2 was implemented with two additional cases in which one infectious passenger expelled 20 and 50 sneezes per hour, respectively. All computations were based on 90 minutes of sampling using specifications from a COTS aerosol collector and biosensor. Only biosensors that could provide an answer in under 20 minutes without any manual preparation steps were included. The principal finding was that the steady-state bacteria concentrations in aircraft would be high enough to be detected in the case where seven infectious passengers are exhaling under scenarios 1 and 2 and where one infectious passenger is actively exhaling in scenario 2. Breathing alone failed to generate sufficient bacterial particles for detection, and none of the scenarios generated sufficient viral particles for detection to be feasible. These results suggest that more sensitive sensors than the COTS devices currently available and/or sampling of individual passengers would be needed for the detection of bacteria and viruses in aircraft

State of the Art Review: Emerging Therapies: The Use of Insulin Sensitizers in the Treatment of Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS, a heterogeneous disorder characterized by cystic ovarian morphology, androgen excess, and/or irregular periods, emerges during or shortly after puberty. Peri- and post-pubertal obesity, insulin resistance and consequent hyperinsulinemia are highly prevalent co-morbidities of PCOS and promote an ongoing state of excess androgen. Given the relationship of insulin to androgen excess, reduction of insulin secretion and/or improvement of its action at target tissues offer the possibility of improving the physical stigmata of androgen excess by correction of the reproductive dysfunction and preventing metabolic derangements from becoming entrenched. While lifestyle changes that concentrate on behavioral, dietary and exercise regimens should be considered as first line therapy for weight reduction and normalization of insulin levels in adolescents with PCOS, several therapeutic options are available and in wide use, including oral contraceptives, metformin, thiazolidenediones and spironolactone. Overwhelmingly, the data on the safety and efficacy of these medications derive from the adult PCOS literature. Despite the paucity of randomized control trials to adequately evaluate these modalities in adolescents, their use, particularly that of metformin, has gained popularity in the pediatric endocrine community. In this article, we present an overview of the use of insulin sensitizing medications in PCOS and review both the adult and (where available) adolescent literature, focusing specifically on the use of metformin in both mono- and combination therapy