Towards an end-to-end analysis and prediction system for weather, climate, and Marine applications in the Red Sea

AbstractThe Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.</jats:p

Towards an end-to-end analysis and prediction system for weather, climate, and marine applications in the Red Sea

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102(1), (2021): E99-E122, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0005.1.The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.The development of the Red Sea modeling system is being supported by the Virtual Red Sea Initiative and the Competitive Research Grants (CRG) program from the Office of Sponsored Research at KAUST, Saudi Aramco Company through the Saudi ARAMCO Marine Environmental Center at KAUST, and by funds from KAEC, NEOM, and RSP through Beacon Development Company at KAUST

Iron status in the elderly: a review of recent evidence

A comprehensive literature review of iron status in the elderly was undertaken in order to update a previous review (Fairweather-Tait et al, 2014); 138 papers were retrieved that described research on the magnitude of the problem, aetiology and age-related physiological changes that may affect iron status, novel strategies for assessing iron status with concurrent health conditions, hepcidin, lifestyle factors, iron supplements, iron status and health outcomes (bone mineral density, frailty, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney failure, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases). Each section concludes with key points from the relevant papers. The overall findings were that disturbed iron metabolism plays a major role in a large number of conditions associated with old age. Correction of iron deficiency/overload may improve disease prognosis, but diagnosis of iron deficiency requires appropriate cut-offs for biomarkers of iron status in elderly men and women to be agreed. Iron deficiency (with or without anemia), anemia of inflammation, and anemia of chronic disease are all widespread in the elderly and, once identified, should be investigated further as they are often indicative of underlying disease. Management options should be reviewed and updated, and novel therapies, which show potential for treating anemia of inflammation or chronic disease, should be considered

Analysis of accumulation possibility of energy dissipated in the braking process of train driven by hybrid locomotive

W tradycyjnym procesie hamowania cała energia kinetyczna lub potencjalna pociągu napędzanego lokomotywą z silnikiem spalinowym jest rozpraszana do otoczenia w postaci energii cieplnej. W lokomotywach hybrydowych istnieje możliwość odzyskania części tej energii przez przekazanie jej do akumulatorów i ponowne wykorzystanie do napędu pociągu. W pracy przedstawiono model układu napędowego lokomotywy hybrydowej z silnikiem spalinowym, przekładnią elektryczną i zasobnikiem energii oraz model oporów ruchu pociągu. Na podstawie przyjętych warunków pracy lokomotywy oraz składu pociągu na wybranych trasach przeprowadzono obliczenia parametrów energetycznych procesu hamowania pociągu. Wykorzystując wyniki symulacji dokonano analizy wpływu pojemności zasobnika energii na redukcję zużycia paliwa.In the traditional process of braking all the kinetic or potential energy of a train driven by locomotive with internal combustion engine is dissipated into the environment in the form of thermal energy. Using the hybrid propulsion system in locomotive is possible to recover a part of this energy by passing it to the battery and re-use in the drive train. The paper presents a model of a hybrid locomotive propulsion system with an internal combustion engine, electric transmission, energy storage and a model of train movement resistance. On the basis of the assumed working conditions, the composition of the trains and selected routes, the calculations of the energy performance of the braking process of the train have been done. Using the simulation results an analysis of the impact of energy storage capacity to reduce fuel consumption has been processed

Propozycja opisu warunków eksploatacji lokomotyw spalinowych z przekładniami elektrycznymi

The paper presents a proposal of a description of the operating conditions of diesel-electric locomotives. The proposal is a result of the operational experience and the analysis of the locomotive operation. It constitutes a significant simplification in relation to the descriptions currently used by domestic carriers. The paper also presents examples of analyses of the operating conditions of locomotives using the proposed method.W pracy przedstawiono propozycję opisu warunków eksploatacji lokomotyw spalinowych z przekładniami elektrycznymi. Propozycja ta jest wynikiem doświadczeń eksploatacyjnych przy analizie pracy lokomotyw i jest łatwiejsza w użyciu niż opisy wykorzystywane aktualnie przez krajowych przewoźników. Przedstawiono również przykłady analizy warunków eksploatacji lokomotyw spalinowych według zaproponowanej metody ich opisu

Analysis of locomotive engine operating conditions during idling

W trakcie eksploatacji lokomotyw z silnikami spalinowymi obserwowany jest znaczny udział pracy silnika spalinowego w stanie biegu jałowego. Dlatego też średnia wartość strumienia paliwa zużywanego przez silnik spalinowy lokomotywy w tym stanie będzie miała istotny wpływ na efektywność energetyczną układu napędowego. Wyznaczaniu wartości tego parametru musi towarzyszyć jednoznaczna klasyfikacja warunków pracy układu napędowego lokomotywy. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję klasyfikacji warunków pracy układu napędowego lokomotywy z silnikiem spalinowym umożliwiającą wyróżnienie stanu biegu jałowego. Przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania średniej wartości strumienia paliwa zużywanego w stanie biegu jałowego, przy wykorzystaniu najczęściej stosowanych systemów pomiarowych w lokomotywach z przekładniami elektrycznymi.During the diesel-electric locomotive operation a significant share of the working of internal combustion engines at the idle is observed. Therefore, the average value of the fuel stream consumed by the locomotive combustion engine in this state will have a significant impact on the energy efficiency of the propulsion system. Determining the value of this parameter must be accompanied by a classification of working conditions of the locomotive propulsion. This article presents the classification of operating conditions of the locomotive internal combustion engine that allows the idle state distinction. It also presents method of determining the average value of the stream of fuel consumed at the idle, using the most common measurement systems in locomotive diesel-electric propulsion system

Potentials for fuel consumption reduction by using electronic driver assistance systems

Elektroniczne systemy wspomagające kierowcę pomagają kierującym kontrolować sytuację na drodze, przekazują sygnały do układu hamulcowego i napędowego, rozpoznają znaki drogowe, pozwalają utrzymać odpowiedni dystans w czasie jazdy w kolumnie, a także kontrolują położenie pojazdu na pasie ruchu. Elektroniczne systemy wspomagające kierowcę pomagają również zmniejszyć przebiegowe zużycie paliwa, poprzez odpowiednie sterowanie układem napędowym, podawanie podpowiedzi kierowcy co do sposobu prowadzenia pojazdu lub wyboru trasy przejazdu. W pracy przedstawiono możliwości ograniczenia przebiegowego zużycia paliwa przy zastosowaniu elektronicznych systemów wspomagających kierowców na przykładzie dwóch wybranych układów napędowych samochodów. W pracy przedstawione zostały również przykłady komercyjnych systemów wspomagających kierowców, które umożliwiają redukcję przebiegowego zużycia paliwa.Electronic driver assistance systems help drivers to control traffic situation, transmit signals to the brake and drive systems, recognize traffic signs, allow dirver to keep proper distance when driving in the column, as well as control the vehicle position on the lane. Electronic driver assistance systems also help reduce fuel consuption by appropriate control of the propulsion system, giving hints to the driver how to control the vehicle or which route to choose. Examples of potentials for fuel consumption reduction with electronic driver assistance systems of two selected vehicle propulsion systems have been described. The paper includes examples of commercial driver assistance systems that enable fuel consumption reduction

Effect of Nordic Walking training on iron metabolism in elderly women.

BACKGROUND: Despite several, well-documented pro-healthy effects of regular physical training, its influence on body iron stores in elderly people remains unknown. At the same time, body iron accumulation is associated with high risk of different morbidities. PURPOSE: We hypothesized that Nordic Walking training would result in pro-healthy changes in an elderly group of subjects by reducing body iron stores via shifts in iron metabolism-regulating proteins. METHODS: Thirty-seven women aged 67.7±5.3 years participated in this study. They underwent 32 weeks of training, 1-hour sessions three times a week, between October 2012 and May 2013. Fitness level, blood morphology, CRP, vitamin D, ferritin, hepcidin, and soluble Hjv were assessed before and after the training. RESULTS: The training program caused a significant decrease in ferritin, which serves as a good marker of body iron stores. Simultaneously, the physical cardiorespiratory fitness had improved. Furthermore, blood hepcidin was positively correlated with the ferritin concentration after the training. The concentration of blood CRP dropped, but the change was nonsignificant. The applied training resulted in a blood Hjv increase, which was inversely correlated with the vitamin D concentration. CONCLUSION: Overall the Nordic Walking training applied in elderly people significantly reduced blood ferritin concentration, which explains the observed decrease in body iron stores