4,180 research outputs found
Quantum Spectral Curve for the eta-deformed AdS_5xS^5 superstring
The spectral problem for the superstring and
its dual planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory can be efficiently
solved through a set of functional equations known as the quantum spectral
curve. We discuss how the same concepts apply to the -deformed superstring, an integrable deformation of the superstring with quantum group symmetry. This model can
be viewed as a trigonometric version of the
superstring, like the relation between the XXZ and XXX spin chains, or the
sausage and the sigma models for instance. We derive the quantum
spectral curve for the -deformed string by reformulating the
corresponding ground-state thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations as an analytic
system, and map this to an analytic system which upon suitable gauge
fixing leads to a system -- the quantum spectral curve. We
then discuss constraints on the asymptotics of this system to single out
particular excited states. At the spectral level the -deformed string and
its quantum spectral curve interpolate between the superstring and a superstring on "mirror" ,
reflecting a more general relationship between the spectral and thermodynamic
data of the -deformed string. In particular, the spectral problem of the
mirror string, and the thermodynamics of the
undeformed string, are described by a second
rational limit of our trigonometric quantum spectral curve, distinct from the
regular undeformed limit.Comment: 32+37 pages; 6 figures. v2: added reference
Modelling and verifying IEEE Std 11073-20601 session setup using mCRL2
In this paper we advocate that formal verification should bea part of the development of a communication standard;in a short period of time issues areuncovered that have been in the standard for a number of years, and allsubtleties in the correctness of the protocol are understood.We model and verify the session setup protocolthat is part of the IEEE 11073-20601:2008 standard for communication betweenpersonal health devices.We identify a number of issues present in the standards document.Discussion with a member of the standards committee unveiled that most, but notall, of the identified issues are fixed in the IEEE 11073-20601:2010 version ofthe standard.In addition, the correctness of the protocol, including the fixes, is assessed.For this, properties of the session setup protocol are formulated, and usingthe model checker mCRL2 it is verified whether the model satisfies theseproperties.We show that the session setup protocol is flawed, and propose a straightforwardway to fix this issue
Integration of the CMS regional calorimeter Trigger hardware into the CMS level-1 Trigger
The electronics for the Regional Calorimeter Trigger (RCT) of the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment (CMS) have been produced and tested. The RCT hardware consists of 18 double-sided crates containing custom boards, ASICs, and backplanes. The RCT receives 8-bit energies and a data quality bit from the HCAL and ECAL Trigger Primitive Generators (TPGs) and sends it to the CMS Global Calorimeter Trigger (GCT) after processing. Before installation, integration tests were performed. Data was successfully received from the TPG electronics and read out with a RCT Jet Capture Card. These tests, other tests involving more trigger subsystems, their results, and the RCT installation will be described
Performance of the CMS Regional Calorimeter Trigger
The CMS Regional Calorimeter Trigger (RCT) receives eight-bit energies and a data quality bit from the HCAL and ECAL Trigger Primitive Generators (TPGs). The RCT uses these trigger primitives to find e/Îł candidates and calculate regional calorimeter sums that are sent to the Global Calorimeter Trigger (GCT) for sorting and further processing. The RCT hardware consists of one clock distribution crate and 18 double-sided crates containing custom boards, ASICs, and backplanes. The RCT electronics have been completely installed since 2007. The RCT has been integrated into the CMS Level-1 Trigger chain. Regular runs, triggering on cosmic rays, prepare the CMS detector for the restart of the LHC. During this running, the RCT control is handled centrally by CMS Run Control and Monitor System communicating with the Trigger Supervisor. Online Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) evaluates the performance of the RCT during these runs. Offline DQM allows more detailed studies, including trigger efficiencies. These and other results from cosmicray data taking with the RCT will be presented
Examining the content and moderators of women's fears for giving birth: A meta-synthesis
Aims and objectives: This metaâsynthesis aimed to identify key elements contributing to FOC derived from women's own reports.
Background: Fear of childbirth (FOC) encompasses fear or anxiety about giving birth, which can resemble a phobic response. FOC holds implications for women's antenatal and postnatal wellâbeing, and decisions made about the birth but a clear definition of the construct does not exist.
Method: A metaâsynthesis was conducted by searching databases (Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, PsychInfo and PsychArticles) for qualitative studies describing women's perspectives with respect to fear, anxiety, concerns, phobia or stress about birth. A total of 25 papers, reporting findings from 24 studies, fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the synthesis.
Results: Six key elements of FOC were identified; fears of the unknown, potential for injury, pain, capacity to give birth, losing control and adequacy of support from care providers. A single overarching theme linking all elements was âthe unpredictability of childbirth.â Three moderators of FOC were also identified; awareness of negative birthing experiences, information received about birth and support received from care providers.
Conclusions: Findings highlight the role of uncertainty in the birthing process as an overarching theme underpinning women's fears. Enhancing tolerance of uncertainty may be a way to reduce women's FOC.
Relevance to clinical practice: Identification of the elements and moderators of FOC provide an insight into the potential mechanisms that contribute to women's fears, which can be used to inform methods of identifying women with FOC or a basis upon which to base supportive strategies to reduce women's fears for giving birth
Monitoring Response to Radiotherapy in Human Squamous Cell Cancer Bearing Nude Mice: Comparison of 2âČ-deoxy-2âČ-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) and 3âČ-[18F]fluoro-3âČ-deoxythymidine (FLT)
Objective: The uptake of 3âČ-[18F]fluoro-3âČ- deoxythymidine (FLT), a proliferation marker, was measured before and during fractionated radiotherapy to evaluate the potential of FLT-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as an indicator of tumor response compared to 2âČ-deoxy-2âČ-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG). Materials and Methods: Nude mice bearing established human head and neck xenografts (HNX-OE; nu/nu mice) were locally irradiated (three fractions/week; 22 Gy) using a 150-kVp unit. Multiple FDG- and FLT-PET scans were acquired during treatment. Tumor volume was determined regularly, and tissue was analyzed for biomarkers involved in tracer uptake. Results: Both groups revealed a significant decline in tumor volume (Pâ<â0.01) compared to untreated tumors. For FDG as well as for FLT, a significant decline in retention was observed at day 4. For FLT, most significant decline in retention was observed at day 12; whereas, for FDG, this was already noted at day 4. Maximum decline in tumor-to-nontumor ratios (T/NT) for FDG and FLT was 42â±â18% and 49â±â16% (meanâ± âSD), respectively. FLT uptake was higher then that of FDG. For FLT, statistical significant correlations were found for both tumor volume at baseline and at day 29 with T/NT and ÎT/NT. All tumors demonstrated expression of glucose transporter-1, thymidine kinase-1, and hexokinase II. No differences were found for amount of tumor cells and necrosis at the end of treatment. Conclusion: This new experimental in vivo model supports the promise of using FLT-PET, as with FDG-PET, to monitor response to external radiotherapy. This warrants further clinical studies to compare these two tracers especially in cancers treated with radiotherapy
Run 2 Upgrades to the CMS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger
The CMS Level-1 calorimeter trigger is being upgraded in two stages to
maintain performance as the LHC increases pile-up and instantaneous luminosity
in its second run. In the first stage, improved algorithms including
event-by-event pile-up corrections are used. New algorithms for heavy ion
running have also been developed. In the second stage, higher granularity
inputs and a time-multiplexed approach allow for improved position and energy
resolution. Data processing in both stages of the upgrade is performed with
new, Xilinx Virtex-7 based AMC cards.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
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A Search for Dark Higgs Bosons
Recent astrophysical and terrestrial experiments have motivated the proposal
of a dark sector with GeV-scale gauge boson force carriers and new Higgs
bosons. We present a search for a dark Higgs boson using 516 fb-1 of data
collected with the BABAR detector. We do not observe a significant signal and
we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of the Standard
Model-dark sector mixing angle and the dark sector coupling constant.Comment: 7 pages, 5 postscript figures, published version with improved plots
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