Challenges of self-organizing organizations

Abstract. This thesis studies the challenges that self-organizing organizations face, as well as the role of control in self-organizing organizations. Even though the self-organizing organization model has been studied for a while now, there is no comprehensive research in looking at it critically. This study aims to understand what the factors are to cause challenges and how does the different form of control impact the self-organizing organizations. The thesis begins with literature review of self-organizing, self-management and control concepts explaining the concepts on organizational and individual level, as well as the expected results and reasons for failing of self-organizing organizations. Control is also explained from an organizational control perspective and how does control show in self-organizing organization. In this study a qualitative approach is used, and data was gathered by structured email interviews and using blog posts as secondary data source. As using self-organizing organizational model is growing, it is important that the companies know the possible challenges of the model. In self-organizing organizations, the different form of control causes the challenges. In general, people are used to the traditional model of control and in self-organizing organizations, the basis of traditional form of control as manager-subordinate relationship is removed and different form of control is needed. This uncertainty of how to act without traditional form of control is one challenge and another one is caused by different form of control, like self-governance control that does not have proper limits or norms yet. There are situations that would be easier to handle with the traditional form of control because the allocation of control and responsibility is not clear with the different form. The results emphasise that top-down control causes the challenges, when people do not know how to work without it and how the different form of control should be treated. With the contribution of this thesis, companies practicing self-organizing organization model, can avoid problems by paying attention to the different form of control and create clear norms for it

Air Filtration in HVAC Systems

The Guidebook presents the theory of air filtration with some basic principles of the physics of pollutants and their effects on indoor quality. The main focus is on practical design, installation and operation of filters in air handling systems. It is intended for the use of designers, manufacturers, installers, and building owners. With its theory, practical solutions and illustrations it is also an excellent textbook for the vocational training of various experts in building services engineering

In vitro models of fetal lung development to enhance research into congenital lung diseases

PURPOSE: This paper aims to build upon previous work to definitively establish in vitro models of murine pseudoglandular stage lung development. These can be easily translated to human fetal lung samples to allow the investigation of lung development in physiologic and pathologic conditions. METHODS: Lungs were harvested from mouse embryos at E12.5 and cultured in three different settings, i.e., whole lung culture, mesenchyme-free epithelium culture, and organoid culture. For the whole lung culture, extracted lungs were embedded in Matrigel and incubated on permeable filters. Separately, distal epithelial tips were isolated by firstly removing mesothelial and mesenchymal cells, and then severing the tips from the airway tubes. These were then cultured either in branch-promoting or self-renewing conditions. RESULTS: Cultured whole lungs underwent branching morphogenesis similarly to native lungs. Real-time qPCR analysis demonstrated expression of key genes essential for lung bud formation. The culture condition for epithelial tips was optimized by testing different concentrations of FGF10 and CHIR99021 and evaluating branching formation. The epithelial rudiments in self-renewing conditions formed spherical 3D structures with homogeneous Sox9 expression. CONCLUSION: We report efficient protocols for ex vivo culture systems of pseudoglandular stage mouse embryonic lungs. These models can be applied to human samples and could be useful to paediatric surgeons to investigate normal lung development, understand the pathogenesis of congenital lung diseases, and explore novel therapeutic strategies

Continuous Team Semantics

Peer reviewe

Continuous Team Semantics

We study logics with team semantics in computable metric spaces. We show how to define approximate versions of the usual independence/dependence atoms. For restricted classes of formulae, we show that we can assume w.l.o.g.~that teams are closed sets. This then allows us to import techniques from computable analysis to study the complexity of formula satisfaction and model checking

Cost-effectiveness of whole-exome sequencing in progressive neurological disorders of children

Objectives: To clarify the diagnostic utility and the cost-effectiveness of whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a routine early-diagnostic tool in children with progressive neurological disorders. Methods: Patients with infantile-onset severe neurological diseases or childhood-onset progressive neurological disorders were prospectively recruited to this WES study, in the pediatric neurology clinic at Helsinki University Hospital during 2016-2018. A total of 48 patients underwent a singleton WES. A control group of 49 children underwent traditional diagnostic examinations and were retrospectively collected from the hospital records. Their use of health care services, related to the diagnostic process, was gathered. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per additional diagnosis was calculated from the health care provider perspective. Bootstrapping methods were used to estimate the uncertainty of cost-effectiveness outcomes. Results: WES provided a better diagnostic yield (38%) than diagnostic pathway that did not prioritize WES in early diagnosis (25%). WES outperformed other diagnostic paths especially when made early, within one year of first admission (44%). Cost-effectiveness in our results are conservative, affected by WES costs during 2016-18. Conclusions: WES is an efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tool that should be prioritized in early diagnostic path of children with progressive neurological disorders. The progressively decreasing price of the test improves cost-effectiveness further. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Paediatric Neurology Society.Peer reviewe

Optical projection tomography as a tool for 3D imaging of hydrogels

An Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) system was developed and optimized to image 3D tissue engineered products based in hydrogels. We develop pre-reconstruction algorithms to get the best result from the reconstruction procedure, which include correction of the illumination and determination of sample center of rotation (CoR). Existing methods for CoR determination based on the detection of the maximum variance of reconstructed slices failed, so we develop a new CoR search method based in the detection of the variance sharpest local maximum. We show the capabilities of the system to give quantitative information of different types of hydrogels that may be useful in its characterization.The authors thank to Tekes, Finnish Cultural Foundation, CIMO, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation and EXTREMA COST Action MP1207 for supporting this work