Propiedades ópticas de peliculas Ldep con diferentes mezclas de aditivos.

In this article, different formulations of linear low density polyethylene (PEBD) mixed with 5 different types of additives were processed, the objective of which is to analyze the effect of the additives on the optical properties of PEBD films for crop protection directed primarily for constructions of greenhouses suitable for performance in tropical environments. The results of the ultra violet and visible region transmission show that the light transmission of the reference films is greater in the visible area than in films made with additive mixtures, due to the diffusive effect of some elements and the synergistic action of the additives decreasing the transmission of light in the ultra violet and visible area.En el presente artículo se procesaron diferentes formulaciones de polietileno lineal de baja densidad (PEBD) mezclado con 5 tipos de aditivos diferentes, cuyo objetivo es analizar el efecto de los aditivos en las propiedades ópticas de películas de PEBD de protección de cultivo dirigida fundamentalmente para construcciones de invernaderos adecuados para el desempeño en medios tropicales. Los resultados de la transmisión de la región ultra violeta y visible muestran que la transmisión de luz de las películas de referencia es mayor en la zona visible que en las películas fabricadas con mezclas de aditivos, debido al efecto difusivo de algunos elementos y a la acción sinérgica de los aditivos disminuyendo la transmisión de luz en la zona ultra violeta y visible

Propiedades ópticas de peliculas Ldep con diferentes mezclas de aditivos.

In this paper were processed dierent linear low density polyethylene (LDPE)formulations, mixed it with ve kind of dierent additives whose objectivewas analyzing the additives eects in the optical properties of LDPE lms ongreenhouse cover structure in protected cultivation for tropical environments.The results of ultra violet and visible region showed that the light transmissionfrom the reference lm was higher than additives lms mixtures in thevisible region, eect of some elements and synergistic action from additivescontributing to decrease the light transmission in the ultra violet and visibleregion.PACS: 78.66.BzEn el presente artículo se procesaron diferentes formulaciones de polietileno lineal de baja densidad (PEBD) mezclado con 5 tipos de aditivos diferentes, cuyo objetivo es analizar el efecto de los aditivos en las propiedades ópticas de películas de PEBD de protección de cultivo dirigida fundamentalmente para construcciones de invernaderos adecuados para el desempeño en medios tropicales. Los resultados de la transmisión de la región ultra violeta y visible muestran que la transmisión de luz de las películas de referencia es mayor en la zona visible que en las películas fabricadas con mezclas de aditivos, debido al efecto difusivo de algunos elementos y a la acción sinérgica de los aditivos disminuyendo la transmisión de luz en la zona ultra violeta y visible.PACS: 78.66.B

Information fusion from multiple databases using meta-association rules

Nowadays, data volume, distribution, and volatility make it difficult to search global patterns by applying traditional Data Mining techniques. In the case of data in a distributed environment, sometimes a local analysis of each dataset separately is adequate but some other times a global decision is needed by the analysis of the entire data. Association rules discovering methods typically require a single uniform dataset and managing with the entire set of distributed data is not possible due to its size. To address the scenarios in which satisfying this requirement is not practical or even feasible, we propose a new method for fusing information, in the form of rules, extracted from multiple datasets. The proposed model produces meta-association rules, i.e. rules in which the antecedent or the consequent may contain rules as well, for finding joint correlations among trends found individually in each dataset. In this paper, we describe the formulation and the implementation of two alternative frameworks that obtain, respectively, crisp meta-rules and fuzzy meta-rules. We compare our proposal with the information obtained when the datasets are not separated, in order to see the main differences between traditional association rules and meta-association rules. We also compare crisp and fuzzy methods for meta-association rule mining, observing that the fuzzy approach offers several advantages: it is more accurate since it incorporates the strength or validity of the previous information, produces a more manageable set of rules for human inspection, and allows the incorporation of contextual information to the mining process expressed in a more human-friendly format

Evaluación de la corrosión del acero embebido en concreto AAS, expuesto a carbonatación mediante un experimento factorial con medidas repetidas.

This article presents various techniques for assessing corrosion, the linear polarization resistance and galvanostatic pulse, the analysis was performed using analysis of variance models using a factorial experiment with three factors, one repeated measure, because on the same experimental unit (reinforced concrete), it experienced several samples to be measured in time (0 h=1, 350 h=2, 700 h=3, 1050 h=4, 1700 h=5 y 2600 h=6). This makes the observations are not independent, the other two factors relate to, the binder (ce: 1 = activated slag [AAS] and 2 = ordinary Portland concrete [OPC]) and the exposure condition (ca: 1 = y 2 = environmental exposure accelerated carbonation). These factors were discussed according to the results of the electrochemical properties. Initially performed the statistical processing of each of the variables in relation to the properties and analyzed the interaction between them. Where they established the differences in materials used as coating steel, concrete, OPC and AAS. OPC concrete specimens, exhibited a resting potential, polarization resistance and ohmic (CO2 condition) than those obtained for reinforced concrete in AAS.Este artículo presenta varias técnicas para evaluar la corrosión, la resistencia a la polarización lineal y el pulso galvanostático, el análisis se realizó utilizando análisis de modelos de varianza utilizando un experimento factorial con tres factores, una medida repetida, porque en la misma unidad experimental (hormigón armado), experimentó varias muestras para medir a tiempo (0 h = 1, 350 h = 2, 700 h = 3, 1050 h = 4, 1700 h = 5 y 2600 h = 6). Esto hace que las observaciones no sean independientes, los otros dos factores se relacionan con el aglutinante (ce: 1 = escoria activada [AAS] y 2 = concreto Portland ordinario [OPC]) y la condición de exposición (ca: 1 = y 2 = ambiental exposición a la carbonatación acelerada). Estos factores fueron discutidos de acuerdo con los resultados de las propiedades electroquímicas. Inicialmente realizó el procesamiento estadístico de cada una de las variables en relación con las propiedades y analizó la interacción entre ellas. Donde establecieron las diferencias en los materiales utilizados como revestimiento de acero, hormigón, OPC y AAS. Las muestras de hormigón OPC exhibieron un potencial de reposo, resistencia a la polarización y óhmica (condición de CO2) que las obtenidas para el hormigón armado en AAS

Evaluación de la corrosión de la aleación de aluminio 6063 protegida mediante el proceso de anodizado duro

The purpose of this work is show the propertiesagainst the corrosion of the aluminum alloy 6063by means of the process of hard anodizing. In theobtaining of the coating they are had as variablethe time of immersion in the sulfuric acid bath15% in weight to a temperature of 0±3 ºC (20, 50and 80 minutes) and the density of current (2.7, 4and 5 A/dm2). The rank of obtained thicknessesgoes from 23.3 to 125.5 micrometers. The microhardnessto the alloy and the hard anodizing wereobtaining that with the process of hard anodizing,El propósito de este trabajo es presentar laspropiedades frente a la corrosión de la aleación dealuminio 6063 mediante el proceso de anodizadoduro. En la obtención del recubrimiento se tienencomo variables el tiempo de inmersión en el bañode ácido sulfúrico al 15% en peso a una temperaturade 0±3 ºC (20, 50 y 80 minutos) y la densidad decorriente (2,7; 4 y 5 A/dm2). El rango de espesoresobtenidos va desde 23,3 hasta 125,5 micrómetros.Se midieron las microdurezas a la aleación y alos anodizados, obteniendo que con el procesode anodizado duro, se alcanza una microdurezade hasta cinco veces el valor de la aleación sinrecubrir. Para evaluar el comportamiento a lacorrosión, se realizaron las pruebas de curvasde polarización (Tafel) y Espectroscopia deImpedancia Electroquímica (EIS) sobre probeta

Novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica(Lév.) Arnaud) in pepper

[EN] Peppers, a worldwide crop, are threatened by different pathogens. Powdery mildew, a biotroph fungal infection, can cause several damages directly on vegetative parts and indirectly on fruits. Despite some sources of resistance have been described, commercial genotypes only with partial resistance have been developed due to the complex nature of such resistance and variable genetic expression, which depends on the stage of the plants. In this paper 49 accessions from different Capsicum species and origins have been tested. Plants were grown in growth chambers inside of mini greenhouses. Repeated inoculations under pepper leaves were applied by spraying a suspension of 104 conidia ml-1. Readings were made at 30 and 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Total number of leaves (TL), total number of affected leaves (LA), and maximum area affected (MAA) in the most damaged leaf were scored. In addition, a composite infection index (CII) was calculated on the basis of the three mentioned traits. Inoculated plants showed more severe symptoms at 30 DAI than at 60 DAI. Different response patterns were observed: from accessions suffering high leaf shedding to some others with local hypersensitive response, indicating different gene action. The use of CII prevented species bias and disease response. In the present work, four highly tolerant accessions were identified, including two chiltepins, C. annuum wild relatives, Ag-01 and Ag-02, and two C. annuum A-06 and A-23.IIMM acknowledges his work was supported by CONACYT-CONCYTEP predoctoral scholarship number 47274 by the Mexican government. This work has been partially financed by the projects RTA2014-00041-C02-02 y PID2019110221RRC32, from Spain's Plan Nacional, INIA and FEDER/ERDF funds.Morales-Manzo, I.; Rodríguez Burruezo, A.; Jiménez-Perez, M.; Luna-Ruiz, JJ.; San Bautista Primo, A.; Fita, A. (2021). Novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica(Lév.) Arnaud) in pepper. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 49(2):1-13. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4921235411349

Pyridinethiolate titanocene metalloligands and their self-assembly reactions to yield early–late metallamacrocycles

New titanocene pyridinethiolate compounds [(RCp)2Ti(4-Spy)2] (R = H (1), Me (2); Cp = cyclopentadienyl; 4-Spy = pyridine-4-thiolate) and [Cp2Ti(2-Spy)2] (3; 2-Spy = pyridine-2-thiolate) have been prepared by reaction of the corresponding Li(Spy) salt with the appropriate compound [(RCp)2TiCl2]. Compounds 1 and 2 have been used as metalloligands in self-assembly reactions with the acceptor late-transition-metal compounds [M(H2O)2(dppp)](OTf)2 (M = Pd (a) Pt (b); dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), and the series of early–late tetranuclear metallamacrocycles [{(RCp)2Ti(4-Spy)2}{M(dppp)}]2(OTf)4 (R = H, M = Pd (12a2); R = H, M = Pt (12b2); R = Me, M = Pd (22a2); R = Me, M = Pt (22b2)) arising from the anti isomer of the titanocene metalloligands have been obtained. Only ligand transfer reactions from Ti to either Pd or Pt atoms have been observed when the pyridine-2-thiolate derivative 3 has been assayed in self-assembly processes. The obtained species have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI(+) mass spectrometry. The supramolecular assemblies have shown to be nonrigid in solution, and their fluxional behavior has been studied by VT 1H NMR spectroscopy. A DFT study including ab initio molecular dynamics in order to elucidate the structures and the relative stability of the isomers has been performed.Financial support for this work was provided by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER) of Spain (CTQ2013-42532-P and CTQ2012-31335), Diputación General de Aragón (Group E07) and Fondo Social Europeo. E.R. thanks Generalitat de Catalunya for an ICREA Academia fellowship.Peer reviewe

Properties of the ionized gas in HH202. II: Results from echelle spectrophotometry with UVES

We present results of deep echelle spectrophotometry of the brightest knot of the HH202 in the Orion Nebula --HH202-S-- using the ultraviolet Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). The high spectral resolution has permitted to separate the component associated with the ambient gas from that associated with the gas flow. We derive electron densities and temperatures for both components, as well as the chemical abundances of several ions and elements from collisionally excited lines, including the first determinations of Ca^{+} and Cr^{+} abundances in the Orion Nebula. We also calculate the He^{+}, C^{2+}, O^{+} and O^{2+} abundances from recombination lines. The difference between the O^{2+} abundances determined from collisionally excited and recombination lines --the so-called abundance discrepancy factor-- is 0.35 dex and 0.11 dex for the shock and nebular components, respectively. Assuming that the abundance discrepancy is produced by spatial variations in the electron temperature, we derive values of the temperature fluctuation parameter, t^2, of 0.050 and 0.016, for the shock and nebular components, respectively. Interestingly, we obtain almost coincident t^2 values for both components from the analysis of the intensity ratios of He I lines. We find significant departures from case B predictions in the Balmer and Paschen flux ratios of lines of high principal quantum number n. We analyze the ionization structure of HH202-S, finding enough evidence to conclude that the flow of HH202-S has compressed the ambient gas inside the nebula trapping the ionization front. We measure a strong increase of the total abundances of nickel and iron in the shock component, the abundance pattern and the results of photoionization models for both components are consistent with the partial destruction of dust after the passage of the shock wave in HH202-S.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Fasciola hepatica induces eosinophil apoptosis in the migratory and biliary stages of infection in sheep

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the number of apoptotic eosinophils in the livers of sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica during the migratory and biliary stages of infection. Four groups (n = 5) of sheep were used; groups 1–3 were orally infected with 200 metacercariae (mc) and sacrificed at 8 and 28 days post-infection (dpi), and 17 weeks post-infection (wpi), respectively. Group 4 was used as an uninfected control. Apoptosis was detected using immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody against anti-active caspase-3, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Eosinophils were identified using the Hansel stain in serial sections for caspase-3, and by ultrastructural features using TEM. At 8 and 28 dpi, numerous caspase-3+ eosinophils were mainly found at the periphery of acute hepatic necrotic foci. The percentage of caspase -3+ apoptotic eosinophils in the periphery of necrotic foci was high (46.1–53.9) at 8 and 28 dpi, respectively, and decreased in granulomas found at 28 dpi (6%). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of apoptotic eosinophils in hepatic lesions at 8 and 28 dpi. At 17 wpi, apoptotic eosinophils were detected in the infiltrate surrounding some enlarged bile ducts containing adult flukes. This is the first report of apoptosis induced by F. hepatica in sheep and the first study reporting apoptosis in eosinophils in hepatic inflammatory infiltrates in vivo. The high number of apoptotic eosinophils in acute necrotic tracts during the migratory and biliary stages of infection suggests that eosinophil apoptosis may play a role in F. hepatica survival during different stages of infection.This work was supported by EU grants (FPVII-265862-PARAVAC, H2020-635408-PARAGONE) and the Spanish Ministry of Science grant AGL2009-08726. TEM studies were carried out by the Central Services for Research of the University of Córdoba (SCAI)Veterinari

Apoptosis of peritoneal leucocytes during early stages of Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep

Several immunomodulatory properties have been described in Fasciola hepatica infections. Apoptosis has been shown to be an effective mechanism to avoid the immune response in helminth infections. The aim of the present work was to study apoptosis in peritoneal leucocytes of sheep experimentally infected with F. hepatica during the early stages of infection. Five groups (n = 5) of sheep were used. Groups 2–5 were orally infected with 200 metacercariae (mc) and sacrificed at 1, 3, 9 and 18 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. Group 1 was used as the uninfected control (UC). Apoptosis was detected using three different methods 1) immunocytochemistry (ICC) with a polyclonal antibody anti-active caspase-3; 2) an annexin V flow cytometry assay using the Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI); and 3) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The differential leucocyte count revealed that the majority of peritoneal granulocytes were eosinophils, which increased significantly at 9 and 18 dpi with respect to the uninfected controls. The ICC study revealed that the percentage of caspase-3+ apoptotic peritoneal leucocytes increased significantly from 3 dpi onwards with respect to the uninfected controls. The flow cytometry annexin V assay detected a very significant (P < 0.001) increase of apoptotic peritoneal macrophages, lymphocytes and granulocytes, which remained higher than in the UC until 18 dpi. Transmission electron microscopy studies also confirmed the presence of apoptosis in peritoneal eosinophils at 18 dpi. This is the first report of apoptosis induced by F. hepatica in the peritoneal leucocytes of sheep in vivo. The results of this work suggest the importance of apoptosis induction for the survival of the juvenile parasites in the peritoneal migratory stages of infection.This work was supported by EU grants (H2020-635408-PARAGONE) and the Spanish Ministry of Science grant AGL2015-67023-C2-1-R. The TEM studies were carried out by the Central Research Services (SCAI) of the University of CórdobaAccepted manuscriptVeterinari