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Forskningsprogram för ett kulturarvsvetenskapligt institut

Varje förslag till forskningsprogram innebär någon form av inriktning. I denna text ligger fokus på kulturarvets plats i samhället i vid mening. Det handlar om hur företeelser, berättelser, föremål och platser produ¬ceras och används som kulturarv men också vilka kontaktytor som finns till andra politiska och sociala verksamhetsfält. Forskningsprogrammet har en betoning på möten mellan kulturarv och välfärdsfrågor i vår tid samt vilka former och uttryck detta tar. De centrala frågorna berör möten mellan det officiella kulturarvsfältet och medborgare, som enskilda eller som grupperingar, samt de inrikt¬nings- och legitimi¬tets¬processer som då aktualiseras. Forsknings¬programmet lägger också stor vikt vid mediala och utominstitutionella kulturarviseringsprocesser. Vi pläderar här genomgående för forskning med avstamp i vår samtid, med starka inslag av historiska och internationella komparationer

Forum för humanistisk-samhällsvetenskaplig hälsoforskning: Forskarkonferens kring temat Program och praktik

Med temat program och praktik vill vi särskilt uppmana forskare att reflektera över vad som sägs och vad som görs inom hälso-, medicin- och sjukdomsrelaterade verksamheter, såväl i nutid som i det förflutna. Med program avses till exempel vårdpolitiska uttalanden och viljeyttringar av olika slag, beskrivningar eller bilder av hur t.ex. vård och omhändertagande bör vara beskaffad, läroböckers beskrivningar av önskvärda metoder, vårdformer, omhändertaganden, ingrepp etc., eller andra sorters vägledande utsagor, bl.a. i massmedia, som anger hur något bör vara beskaffat, ska utföras eller på annat sätt riktas mot en önskvärd omsättning i handling. Med praktik menas t.ex. handlingar, handgrepp och genomförande, tysta eller fotade i något slags program. Här ingår också upplevda och beskrivna relationer mellan t.ex. vårdtagare, klient eller kund och olika vårdgivare eller producenter av vård, behandling och omhändertagande eller andra aktiviteter, rum eller materiella alt. immateriella produkter inom medicin- och hälsofältet. Konferensen vill gärna att deltagarna reflekterar över dessa två begrepp, vart och ett eller i relation till varandra i empiriskt, metodologiskt, källkritiskt eller annat avseende. Konferensen välkomnar också bidrag om de epistemologiska, etiska och representationsteoretiska perspektiv och paradigm som ligger bakom, uttrycks genom eller utesluts från sådana program och praktiker som angivits ovan

Beyond the Global Brain Differences:Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and globalbrain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a globaldifference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regionaldifferences beyond global differences in brain structure.METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n =30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matchednoncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual’sregional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the globaldifference.RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differedmore than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thicknessin regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal andsomatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distaland 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distaland 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in altered neurodevelopment

Particulate matter exposure during pregnancy is associated with birth weight, but not gestational age, 1962-1992: a cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exposure to air pollutants is suggested to adversely affect fetal growth, but the evidence remains inconsistent in relation to specific outcomes and exposure windows.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using birth records from the two major maternity hospitals in Newcastle upon Tyne in northern England between 1961 and 1992, we constructed a database of all births to mothers resident within the city. Weekly black smoke exposure levels from routine data recorded at 20 air pollution monitoring stations were obtained and individual exposures were estimated via a two-stage modeling strategy, incorporating temporally and spatially varying covariates. Regression analyses, including 88,679 births, assessed potential associations between exposure to black smoke and birth weight, gestational age and birth weight standardized for gestational age and sex.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant associations were seen between black smoke and both standardized and unstandardized birth weight, but not for gestational age when adjusted for potential confounders. Not all associations were linear. For an increase in whole pregnancy black smoke exposure, from the 1^st(7.4 μg/m³) to the 25^th(17.2 μg/m³), 50^th(33.8 μg/m³), 75^th(108.3 μg/m³), and 90^th(180.8 μg/m³) percentiles, the adjusted estimated decreases in birth weight were 33 g (SE 1.05), 62 g (1.63), 98 g (2.26) and 109 g (2.44) respectively. A significant interaction was observed between socio-economic deprivation and black smoke on both standardized and unstandardized birth weight with increasing effects of black smoke in reducing birth weight seen with increasing socio-economic disadvantage.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The findings of this study progress the hypothesis that the association between black smoke and birth weight may be mediated through intrauterine growth restriction. The associations between black smoke and birth weight were of the same order of magnitude as those reported for passive smoking. These findings add to the growing evidence of the harmful effects of air pollution on birth outcomes.</p

Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex

The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders