80 research outputs found
La disparition du passif synthétique latin: nouvel essai sur l'écrit et le parlé en latin mérovingien
The unknown author of the Merovingian age chronicle Liber Historiae Francorum (finished in 727), when integrating into his text pages due to Gregory of Tours (end VIth century) eliminates systematically the synthetic passive and deponent forms (type laudatur) which can be found in his model: he has in view readers who would not understand these forms. On the other hand, it can be inferred from certain phenomena that, in the middle of the VIIth century, synthetic passive forms were still in use, although infrequent. These facts contribute to delimitate the period during which synthetic forms completely disappeared from spoken usage. An important observation concerning syntax can be added: in order to eliminate synthetic forms, the author of Historia Francorum transforms the passive sentence into active, instead of using the corresponding future Romance expression (laudatus est for laudatur). It seems that, for some time at least, passive construction itself was disappearing
Cisplatin loaded hybrid aerogel microparticles for cervical and colorectal cancer chemotherapy
Synthesis and Stabilization of Support-Free Mesoporous Gold Nanoparticles
Porous gold nanoparticles (PGNs) are usually prepared in an immobilized form on a solid substrate, which is not practical in many applications. In this work, a simple method is reported for the preparation and stabilization of mesoporous gold particles of a few hundred nanometers in size in aqueous suspension. Nanoparticles of Ag-Au alloy were fabricated on CaF 2 and Si/SiO 2 substrates by the solid-state dewetting method. Silver was selectively dissolved (dealloyed), and the resulting porous gold nanoparticles were chemically removed from the substrate either in a concerted step with dealloying, or in a subsequent step. Nitric acid was used for the one-step dealloying and detachment of the particles from CaF 2 substrate. The consecutive use of HNO 3 and HF resulted in the dealloying and the subsequent detachment of the particles from Si/SiO 2 substrate. The PGNs were recovered from the aqueous suspensions by centrifugation. The Au content of the suspensions was monitored by using elemental analysis (ICP-OES), and recovery was optimized. The morphology and the optical characteristics of the support-free PGNs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), and near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIR). The obtained PGNs are spherical disk-shaped with a mean particle size of 765 ± 149 nm. The suspended, support-free PGNs display an ideally narrow dipole plasmon peak at around 1450 nm in the NIR spectral region. Thus, the new colloidal PGNs are ideal candidates for biomedical applications, for instance photothermal therapy
Updating risk management recommendations to limit exposure of non-target Lepidoptera of conservation concern in protected habitats to Bt-maize pollen
Using mathematical model
ling
, the EFSA GMO Panel
ha
s
previously quantified the risk to non
-
target
(NT) Lepidoptera of conservation concern, potentially occurring within protected habitats, associated
with the ingestion of Bt
-
maize
pollen deposited on their host plants. To reduce the estimated larval
mortality to a negligible level, an isolation distance of 20
and
30
m
was recommended
between
protected habitats
and
the nearest fields of maize MON
810/Bt11 and 1507, respectively. Here
, the
EFSA GMO Panel refines its model predictions
,
accounting for new
ly reported
information on maize
pollen deposition over long distances
.
For its calculations
,
the EFSA GMO Panel considered three
exposure scenarios at a range of isolation distances, at
two protection levels and for
a range of
lepidopteran species, including hypothetical ones, with a wide spectrum of sensitivities to Bt toxins
. An
analysis of various
sources of uncertainties
affecting the exposure of NT Lepidoptera to Bt
-
maize
pollen was
conducted, in order to provide quantitative estimates of realistic exposure levels.
The EFSA
GMO Panel therefore provides risk managers with a tool to estimate and mitigate the risk for NT
Lepidoptera of conservation concern.
In contrast to its previous o
utcomes obtained for unrealistically
large levels of exposure that would not be expected in practice, the EFSA GMO Panel reports here
mortality estimates for a more realistic level of exposure. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes that its
previous recommendation
for a 20
m isolation distance around protected habitats, within which maize
MON810/Bt11 should not be cultivated, remains valid. New calculations show that the previously
recommended isolation distance
of 30 m
from the nearest maize 1507 field would still protect NT
Lepidoptera with known levels of sensitivity, including the ‘highly
-
sensitive’
Plutella xylostella
.
Should
hypothetical species with
greater
sensitivities
exist, larger isolation distances would be needed to
ensure the desired level of protection
Scientific Opinion on an application (Reference EFSA-GMO-NL-2011-100) for the placing on the market of the herbicide-tolerant, increased oleic acid genetically modified soybean MON 87705$ MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto
The EFSA GMO Panel previously assessed the two single events combined to produce soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 and did not identify safety concerns. No new data on the single events affecting the previous conclusions were identified. No differences in composition requiring further assessment were observed between soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 and its comparator, except for the intended trait i.e. an altered fatty acid profile. Nutritional assessment on soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 oil and oil-containing food products did not identify concerns on human health and nutrition. There are no concerns regarding the use of feedingstuffs from defatted soybean meal MON 87705 × MON 89788. The EFSA GMO Panel is of the opinion that soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 is as safe, and at least as nutritious, as its comparator and commercial soybean varieties. There is no reason to expect interactions between the single events that could impact on the food and feed safety and the nutritional properties of soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of feral soybean plants. Potential interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment were not considered to be a relevant issue. The unlikely but theoretically possible transfer of the recombinant genes from soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 to environmental bacteria does not give rise to any safety concern. The post-market environmental monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the scope of the application. The EFSA GMO Panel considers that the information available for soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 addresses the scientific comments raised by Member States. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes, considering the scope of the application, that soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 is as safe as its comparator and non-GM soybean reference varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment. The GMO Panel recommends a post-market monitoring plan, focusing on import data and, if needed, on consumption data for the European population, for the marketed foods and feed
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