86 research outputs found
It takes two to dance: institutional dynamics and climate-related financial policies
This article studies how institutional dynamics might affect the implementation of climate-related financial policies. First, we propose a three-dimensional framework to distinguish: i) motives for policy implementation (prudential or promotional); ii) policy instruments (informational, incentive or coercive); and iii) implementing authorities (political or delegated). Second, we use this framework to show how sustainable financial interventions in certain jurisdictions - most notably, Europe - rely solely on informational policies to achieve both promotional and prudential objectives. Policymakers in other jurisdictions - e.g., China - also implement incentive or coercive financial policies to achieve promotional objectives. Third, we identify two main institutional explanations for this European ‘promotional gap’: i) limited control of political authorities on financial dynamics; and ii) strong powers and independence of delegated authorities. This governance configuration leads to an institutional deadlock in which only measures fitting with both political and delegated authorities’ objectives can be implemented. Finally, we discuss the scenarios that might originate from the current institutional setting. We identify three possible evolutionary paths: i) a drift towards a green financial technocracy; ii) a re-politicization of delegated authorities; iii) a move towards fiscal-monetary coordination
Object Pose Estimation Annotation Pipeline for Multi-view Monocular Camera Systems in Industrial Settings
Object localization, and more specifically object pose estimation, in large
industrial spaces such as warehouses and production facilities, is essential
for material flow operations. Traditional approaches rely on artificial
artifacts installed in the environment or excessively expensive equipment, that
is not suitable at scale. A more practical approach is to utilize existing
cameras in such spaces in order to address the underlying pose estimation
problem and to localize objects of interest. In order to leverage
state-of-the-art methods in deep learning for object pose estimation, large
amounts of data need to be collected and annotated. In this work, we provide an
approach to the annotation of large datasets of monocular images without the
need for manual labor. Our approach localizes cameras in space, unifies their
location with a motion capture system, and uses a set of linear mappings to
project 3D models of objects of interest at their ground truth 6D pose
locations. We test our pipeline on a custom dataset collected from a system of
eight cameras in an industrial setting that mimics the intended area of
operation. Our approach was able to provide consistent quality annotations for
our dataset with 26, 482 object instances at a fraction of the time required by
human annotators
The self-perception and political biases of ChatGPT
This contribution analyzes the self-perception and political biases of OpenAI’s Large Language Model ChatGPT. Considering the first small-scale reports and studies that have emerged, claiming that ChatGPT is politically biased towards progressive and libertarian points of view, this contribution is aimed at providing further clarity on this subject. Although the concept of political bias and affiliation is hard to define, lacking an agreed-upon measure for its quantification, this contribution attempts to examine this issue by having ChatGPT respond to questions on commonly used measures of political bias. In addition, further measures for personality traits that have previously been linked to political affiliations were examined. More specifically, ChatGPT was asked to answer the questions posed by the political compass test as well as similar questionnaires that are specific to the respective politics of the G7 member states. These eight tests were repeated ten times each and indicate that ChatGPT seems to hold a bias towards progressive views. The political compass test revealed a bias towards progressive and libertarian views, supporting the claims of prior research. The political questionnaires for the G7 member states indicated a bias towards progressive views but no significant bias between authoritarian and libertarian views, contradicting the findings of prior reports. In addition, ChatGPT’s Big Five personality traits were tested using the OCEAN test, and its personality type was queried using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. Finally, the maliciousness of ChatGPT was evaluated using the Dark Factor test. These three tests were also repeated ten times each, revealing that ChatGPT perceives itself as highly open and agreeable, has the Myers-Briggs personality type ENFJ, and is among the test-takers with the least pronounced dark traits
Cultivation of Encapsulated Primary Human B Lymphocytes : A First Step toward a Bioartificial Germinal Center
A Retrospective Analysis of Multiple Affected Salivary Gland Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Benefits of Interventional Sialendoscopy.
OBJECTIVES
Multiple affected salivary gland diseases are rare compared to single gland diseases and represent a major diagnostic challenge. These cases are commonly neglected in the scientific literature, despite the considerable suffering of these patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to report disease characteristics, diagnostic pathways, and therapeutic options, including sialendoscopic treatment of multiple affected salivary gland disorders.
METHODS
Patients experiencing multiple affected salivary gland diseases treated between 2013 and 2020 were consecutively identified. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, disease characteristics, treatment, complications, and follow-up were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
In total, 71 patients were identified with these diseases and included obstructive disease without sialolithiasis (n = 22), inflammation (n = 15), immune disease (n = 19), radioiodine-induced sialadenitis (RAI) (n = 5), sialadenosis (n = 2), and juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) (n = 8). Diagnostic and therapeutic sialendoscopy was performed on 113 salivary glands in 42 patients, leading to completely (n = 27, 64.3%) or partially (n = 11, 26.2%) improved symptoms in most cases. In total, 4 patients did not improve after interventional therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple affected salivary gland diseases are rare and diagnostically challenging. Interventional sialendoscopy offers an effective and safe therapeutic option and should be considered in this specific cohort
Nucleation of magnetisation reversal, from nanoparticles to bulk materials
We review models for the nucleation of magnetisation reversal, i.e. the
formation of a region of reversed magnetisation in an initially magnetically
saturated system. For small particles models for collective reversal, either
uniform (Stoner-Wohlfarth model) or non-uniform like curling, provide good
agreement between theory and experiment. For microscopic objects and thin
films, we consider two models, uniform (Stoner-Wohlfarth) reversal inside a
nucleation volume and a droplet model, where the free energy of an inverse
bubble is calculated taking into account volume energy (Zeeman energy) and
surface tension (domain wall energy). In macroscopic systems, inhomogeneities
in magnetic properties cause a distribution of energy barriers for nucleation,
which strongly influences effects of temperature and applied field on
magnetisation reversal. For these systems, macroscopic material parameters like
exchange interaction, spontaneous magnetisation and magnetic anisotropy can
give an indication of the magnetic coercivity, but exact values for nucleation
fields are, in general, hard to predict.Comment: 12 pages; Published in a Special Issue of the C. R. Physique devoted
to nucleation. C.R. Physique 7, 977 (2006). Corrected version, as publishe
Optimized market value of alpine solar photovoltaic installations
Solar photovoltaic (PV) is the most rapidly expanding renewable resource worldwide. Yet, its full potential may be hindered by mismatches with market demand and correlated production profiles. In this research, we explore a case study of innovative PV placements in alpine regions using two, soft-linked optimization models of Switzerland's electricity system. Using Swissmod, an electricity dispatch and load-flow model, and OREES, an electricity system model employing evolution strategy to optimize PV placement, we simulate market prices of optimized PV placements given multiple years of weather data, various CO2 prices, and considering future electricity infrastructure developments across Europe. Mountain placements result in higher market value and less required area relative to lower-altitude PV placement strategies. The higher market value is driven by better alignment with demand, particularly during winter when demand is highest. We found that optimized alpine placements offer revenues of panel capacity (EUR/kW/year) that are on average 20% higher than revenues from urban PV installations. Furthermore, the Swiss mountains could host more than 1 GW of capacity with even greater revenues (33%). Alpine PV installations, with their higher market values and increased value factors, can potentially be very profitable investments and are also valuable from a system perspective
IShTAR: a test facility to study the interaction between RF wave and edge plasmas
International audienceExistence of high electric fields near an RF antenna launcher causes a number of parasitic phenomena, such as arcing and impurity release, which seriously deteriorate the performance of an ICRF heating scheme in fusion devices. Limited accessibility of the near antenna region in large-scale fusion experiments significantly complicates the associated experimental studies. The IShTAR (Ion Sheath Test Arrangement) test facility has been developed with the requirement to provide a better accessibility and diagnosability of plasmas in the direct vicinity of an ICRF antenna. The purpose of this work is to give a detailed description on the experimental setup and the available diagnostics. Furthermore the paper will demonstrate the capability of the experiment to study phenomena near an ICRF antenna launcher which are relevant for large-scale fusion ICRH systems
Bird migration in space and time: chain migration by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata along the East Atlantic Flyway
Migration patterns in birds vary in space and time. Spatial patterns include chain, leapfrog and telescopic migration. Temporal patterns such as migration duration, number, and duration of stopovers may vary according to breeding latitude, sex, and season. This study aimed to verify these patterns in a long-distance migrant, the Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata, and to provide a synopsis of spatio-temporal migration patterns in this species of concern throughout the East Atlantic Flyway. We tagged 85 adults with GPS-data loggers in Germany, Poland, France and Estonia between 2013 and 2019. We computed the distance flown, linear loxodromic distance, duration, stopover number, total stopover duration, mean stopover duration, departure time and arrival time for 177 out of 187 tracks. On average (± standard deviation), spring migration occurred from 4 to 14 April (10.2 ± 8.4 days), curlews flew 3.623 ± 1.366 km, and had 5.8 ± 3.6 stopovers, with a duration of 29.4 ± 38.2 h per stopover, while autumn migration occurred from 18 to 29 June (10.9 ± 9.9 days), curlews flew 3.362 ± 1.351 km, and had 5.4 ± 4.0 stopovers, with 31.8 ± 32.3 h per stopover. Curlews displayed chain migration because wintering curlews maintained the latitudinal sequence to their breeding sites. Southern curlews had a longer nesting period due to their earlier arrivals. While spring arrival at breeding sites did not differ between the sexes, in autumn females departed earlier than males. Migration duration and distance, as well as stopover number and duration, showed a significant increase with breeding site latitude but did not differ between the sexes or between spring and autumn migrations, suggesting that curlews took a comparable amount of time migrating during both seasons. The high site faithfulness in curlews suggests that rapid autumn migration allows them to return to defend their winter foraging areas
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