Aproximación preliminar a la simulación de la dispersión sonora en asentamientos arqueológicos

Archaeological approaches to landscapes and places have traditionally focused on the visual permeability of enclosures, leaving aside other sensory modalities. This dominant trend has been gradually challenged by contributions from various disciplines such as geography, proxemics, sociology, acoustic engineering and archeology itself. In this paper, we present the way in which we sought to combine traditional visibility analysis with acoustic simulations using 3D-models. Based on a case study from the archaeological settlement of Las Pailas (North Calchaquí Valley, Salta province, Argentina), we explored two hypothetical settings that combine visibility analysis with acoustic simulations. Results, though preliminary, indicate that including sound dispersion analysis might be useful in further assessing the permeability of public and domestic enclosures. It also allowed us to identify some limitations and future research directions.Las aproximaciones arqueológicas a los paisajes y lugares se han concentrado mayoritariamente en la permeabilidad visual de los espacios, postergando otras modalidades sensoriales. Esta tendencia se ha revertido gradualmente con aportes de diversas disciplinas como la geografía, la proxémica, la sociología, la ingeniería acústica y la arqueología. En este trabajo presentamos el modo en que buscamos combinar estudios tradicionales de visibilidad con simulaciones acústicas realizadas partiendo de modelos tridimensionales. A partir de un caso de estudio sobre el sitio Las Pailas (valle Calchaquí norte, Provincia de Salta, Argentina), exploramos dos escenarios hipotéticos que combinan análisis de visibilidad con simulaciones acústicas. Los resultados, aunque preliminares, indican que la incorporación de análisis de dispersión sonora puede resultar útil a la hora evaluar la permeabilidad de recintos domésticos y espacios públicos. Además, nos permitieron identificar algunas limitaciones y señalar futuras direcciones

Un procedimiento nuevo para adaptar cualquier tipo de suelo para la construcción y consolidación de estructuras de tierra: Sistema de Tierra Proyectada

The “projected earth system” is put forward as an alternative construction method. The soil from each site is adapted following a specific protocol to make it suitable for spraying. The type of construction and the receiving surface determine the machinery and spraying system used (dry or wet mix). The result will be similar in texture and colour to the original material (in the case of earth walls) or to the surrounding material.Un procedimiento nuevo para adaptar cualquier tipo de suelo para la construcción y consolidación de estructuras de tierra: Sistema de Tierra Proyectada. Se plantea la “tierra proyectada” como nuevo sistema constructivo. Se adecuará la tierra de cada intervención con un protocolo para poder ser proyectada. El tipo de intervención y el soporte sobre el que se proyectará determinarán la maquinaria y el sistema de proyección (vía seca o húmeda). El resultado tendrá similar textura y color que el soporte restaurado (en muros de tierra) o que el material del entorno (en taludes carreteros u obras de tierra de nueva construcción)

In Vitro

Purpose. To evaluate the dose effect of vitamin K3 on wound healing mechanisms. Methods. Conjunctival fibroblasts were incubated for 24 hours. An artificial wound was made and the cells were incubated with fresh medium plus doses of vitamin K3 to be tested. Wound repair was monitored at 0, 18, 24, and 48 hours. Proliferation was measured in actively dividing cells by [3H]thymidine uptake. Six different groups were tested: group 1/no drugs added, group 2/ethanol 0.1%, group 3/vitamin K3 1 mg/L, group 4/vitamin K3 2 mg/L, group 5/vitamin K3 4 mg/L, and group 6/vitamin K3 6 mg/L. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate and 4 times. Results. There were no differences among groups at the initial time. In vitro wound repair was slower in groups 4, 5, and 6. There were no differences between control and ethanol groups and between control and vitamin K3 1 mg/L groups. Fibroblast mitogenic activity was statistically decreased in all vitamin K groups; statistical differences were found among vitamin K3 1 mg/mL and higher doses too. In groups 5 and 6, cellular toxicity was presented. Conclusions. Vitamin K3 is able to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. Vitamin K3 2 mg/L or higher doses inhibit wound healing repair, exhibiting cellular toxicity at 4 and 6 mg/L

Numerical and experimental development of cupronickel filler brazed joints for divertor and first wall components in DEMO fusion reactor

The brazeability of a cupronickel commercial alloy (Cu10Ni) was evaluated for its use as a filler alloy for high- temperature joining of tungsten to the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel EUROFER 97 (W-E) and between tungsten base materials (W-W) for its application at the first wall and divertor of future fusion reactors. In addition, given the importance of the residual stresses in these heterogenous joints, a study of the brazing conditions and the impact of the selected filler has been conducted using numerical software to understand its impact on the quality of the joint. Two thermal cycles were evaluated (1165 $^◦$C and 1190$^◦$C) and selected based on the thermal characterization of the filler alloy. The microstructural examination revealed that, in W-E joints, nickel acts as an activator element, reacting and forming interfacial layers at the EUROFER 97 - Cu10Ni interface. In the case of the W-W joints, a lower level of diffusion phenomenon and metallurgical interaction between Cu10Ni and base materials were observed. The hardness profile indicated that the hardening process of EUROFER 97 was associated with the formation of untempered martensite. On the other hand, tungsten kept the received hardness. The me- chanical characterization by shear test reported similar values between both types of joints carried out at 1190$^◦$C but different when the temperature was increased (1165 $^°$C), associated with the brittle character of tungsten and its lower metallurgical interaction. The numerical analysis of the brazing process carried out with ANSYS software shows that residual stresses are accumulated mainly at the interfaces. The information provided by the simulation shows, for a 50 μm filler thickness, the importance of mitigating the residual stress by selecting a filler with an intermediate Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) that alleviates mechanical stresses relative to the base materials

La enseñanza de la teoría y la historia de la arquitectura como herramienta en el proceso proyectual : Recomendaciones curriculares

La Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México, en el ejercicio de revisión curricular de sus Planes de Estudios, ha comenzado un proceso de reflexión interno. En este contexto, esta investigación busca establecer la práctica proyectual como una actividad cultural, en donde la historia y la teoría de la arquitectura conforman el eje estructural que sustenta el pensamiento y la práctica del diseño. Apoyados en un esquema curricular flexible, que no obliga a la configuración secuencial tradicional, se propone la revisión de asignaturas que permitan a los alumnos hacer de la teoría y la historia una herramienta que los acerque a la praxis de la arquitectura.The School of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Mexico, has begun a process of deliberation in the curriculum review of its Degree Programs. In this context, the objective of the present research is to establish the practice of the design as a cultural activity, where the history and the theory of Architecture constitute the structural axle which supports the thought and the practice of the design. Therefore, a Study Program is proposed, based on a flexible curriculum scheme, distant from the traditional sequential configuration, which allows students to transform the theory and the history into a tool that get them closer to the architectural praxis.Eje: La Enseñanza de la Historia y la Teoría: cuestiones curricularesFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

La enseñanza de la teoría y la historia de la arquitectura como herramienta en el proceso proyectual : Recomendaciones curriculares

La Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México, en el ejercicio de revisión curricular de sus Planes de Estudios, ha comenzado un proceso de reflexión interno. En este contexto, esta investigación busca establecer la práctica proyectual como una actividad cultural, en donde la historia y la teoría de la arquitectura conforman el eje estructural que sustenta el pensamiento y la práctica del diseño. Apoyados en un esquema curricular flexible, que no obliga a la configuración secuencial tradicional, se propone la revisión de asignaturas que permitan a los alumnos hacer de la teoría y la historia una herramienta que los acerque a la praxis de la arquitectura.The School of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Mexico, has begun a process of deliberation in the curriculum review of its Degree Programs. In this context, the objective of the present research is to establish the practice of the design as a cultural activity, where the history and the theory of Architecture constitute the structural axle which supports the thought and the practice of the design. Therefore, a Study Program is proposed, based on a flexible curriculum scheme, distant from the traditional sequential configuration, which allows students to transform the theory and the history into a tool that get them closer to the architectural praxis.Eje: La Enseñanza de la Historia y la Teoría: cuestiones curricularesFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Colitis seudomembranosa como hallazgo posmortem en paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso

La colitis seudomembranosa es una severa y a veces mortal afección que puede ocurrir tras la administración de antibióticos y supresión de la flora intestinal normal, seguida de colonización por Clostridium difficile; se caracteriza por la inflamación aguda y presencia de seudomembranas necróticas en la mucosa colónica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de nueve años de edad, proveniente de una zona rural de Honduras, con antecedente de fiebre intermitente de cuatro semanas de evolución, escalofríos, mialgias, náuseas e ictericia de una semana de evolución. Atendido previamente en Centro de Atención Primaria, fue tratado con antipiréticos, sin mejoría. Al examen físico el paciente estaba lúcido, se halló hipotensión, taquicardia, y fiebre; dolor abdominal epigastrio y ambos hipocondrios a la palpación superficial y profunda, hepatomegalia, ictericia, petequias. En los exámenes de laboratorio se encontraron pancitopenia severa, falla renal aguda, trastornos hidroelectrolíticos e hipoalbuminemia. Fue ing resado al servicio de urgencias pediátricas. Luego de una mala evolución clínica, falleció diecinueve después del ingreso. La autopsia reveló seudomembranas necróticas colónicas e imagen histológica de tipo volcán compatibles con colitis seudomembranosa

Protist taxonomic and functional diversity in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems

Protists dominate eukaryotic diversity and play key functional roles in all ecosystems, particularly by catalyzing carbon and nutrient cycling. To date, however, a comparative analysis of their taxonomic and functional diversity that compares the major ecosystems on Earth (soil, freshwater and marine systems) is missing. Here, we present a comparison of protist diversity based on standardized high throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing of soil, freshwater and marine environmental DNA. Soil and freshwater protist communities were more similar to each other than to marine protist communities, with virtually no overlap of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) between terrestrial and marine habitats. Soil protists showed higher γ diversity than aquatic samples. Differences in taxonomic composition of the communities led to changes in a functional diversity among ecosystems, as expressed in relative abundance of consumers, phototrophs and parasites. Phototrophs (eukaryotic algae) dominated freshwater systems (49% of the sequences) and consumers soil and marine ecosystems (59% and 48%, respectively). The individual functional groups were composed of ecosystem- specific taxonomic groups. Parasites were equally common in all ecosystems, yet, terrestrial systems hosted more OTUs assigned to parasites of macro-organisms while aquatic systems contained mostly microbial parasitoids. Together, we show biogeographic patterns of protist diversity across major ecosystems on Earth, preparing the way for more focused studies that will help understanding the multiple roles of protists in the biosphere

Optical Control of Cardiac Function with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist

Light-triggered reversible modulation of physiological functions offers the promise of enabling on-demand spatiotemporally controlled therapeutic interventions. Optogenetics has been successfully implemented in the heart, but significant barriers to its use in the clinic remain, such as the need for genetic transfection. Herein, we present a method to modulate cardiac function with light through a photoswitchable compound and without genetic manipulation. The molecule, named PAI, was designed by introduction of a photoswitch into the molecular structure of an M2 mAChR agonist. In vitro assays revealed that PAI enables light-dependent activation of M2 mAChRs. To validate the method, we show that PAI photoisomers display different cardiac effects in a mammalian animal model, and demonstrate reversible, real-time photocontrol of cardiac function in translucent wildtype tadpoles. PAI can also effectively activate M2 receptors using two-photon excitation with near-infrared light, which overcomes the scattering and low penetration of short-wave-length illumination, and offers new opportunities for intravital imaging and control of cardiac function