2q36.3 is associated with prognosis for oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

Large population-based registry studies have shown that breast cancer prognosis is inherited. Here we analyse single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes implicated in human immunology and inflammation as candidates for prognostic markers of breast cancer survival involving 1,804 oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients treated with chemotherapy (279 events) from 14 European studies in a prior large-scale genotyping experiment, which is part of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS) initiative. We carry out replication using Asian COGS samples (n=522, 53 events) and the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH) study (n=315, 108 events). Rs4458204_A near CCL20 (2q36.3) is found to be associated with breast cancer-specific death at a genome-wide significant level (n=2,641, 440 events, combined allelic hazard ratio (HR)=1.81 (1.49-2.19); P for trend=1.90 × 10(-9)). Such survival-associated variants can represent ideal targets for tailored therapeutics, and may also enhance our current prognostic prediction capabilities

2q36.3 is associated with prognosis for oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy

Large population-based registry studies have shown that breast cancer prognosis is inherited. Here we analyse single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes implicated in human immunology and inflammation as candidates for prognostic markers of breast cancer survival involving 1,804 oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients treated with chemotherapy (279 events) from 14 European studies in a prior large-scale genotyping experiment, which is part of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS) initiative. We carry out replication using Asian COGS samples (n=522, 53 events) and the Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH) study (n=315, 108 events). Rs4458204-A near CCL20 (2q36.3) is found to be associated with breast cancer-specific death at a genome-wide significant level (n=2,641, 440 events, combined allelic hazard ratio (HR)=1.81 (1.49-2.19); P for trend=1.90 × 10 â ̂'9). Such survival-associated variants can represent ideal targets for tailored therapeutics, and may also enhance our current prognostic prediction capabilities

Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.

GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology

Publisher Correction: Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5999

Pericardial Biopsy Revealed Gastric Signet-Ring Cell Cancer

We describe the case of an 85-year-old man who presented with a large pericardial effusion. The patient was admitted because of anorexia and general malaise. Chest X-ray revealed an increased cardiothoracic ratio and a small amount of bilateral pleural effusion. Two-dimensional ultrasonographic echocardiography showed pericardial effusions with atrial and right ventricular early diastolic collapse, establishing the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. Signet-ring cell cancer with pericardial involvement was diagnosed by subxiphoid pericardiostomy. The clear fluid was removed through pericardial drainage. The signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach was revealed by gastric fiberscope examination after pericardial biopsy proved malignancy. Virchow lymph node metastasis was also found. We diagnosed the patient with gastric cancer stage IV and suggested him the best supportive therapy. He died of cardiac arrest 1 month after best supportive care

「実践的指導力」を育成する体育教師教育プログラム開発のための実証的研究

はしがき 第1章 「実践的指導力」の探求 　第1節 実践的指導力とは何か 　第2節 アメリカのエキスパティーズ研究から見た教師の「実践的指導力」 第2章 「実践的指導力」の習得をめざす教員養成の改善 　第1節 教員採用試験の問題に見られる「実践的指導力」 : 日本の教員採用試験と米国のPRAXISとの比較検討 　第2節 教育実習における指導内容に関する事例研究 : 実習日誌とインタビューを手がかりに 　第3節 初等教員養成課程における体育科目の授業改善に関する研究 　第4節 附属小学校との連携による大学院教員養成プログラムの開発 　第5節 専修免許取得者に求められる授業の「省察」能力 第3章 教員養成における模擬授業による「実践的指導力」の習得 　第1節 模擬授業の意義に関する事例研究 　第2節 体育授業つくりの意識形成における模擬授業の効果 　第3節 大学の模擬授業並びに教育実習における省察の構造 　第4節 教員養成の体育授業における「実践的指導力」の育成をめざしたマイクロ・ティーチングの事例的研究 　第5節 模擬授業の効果:テスト映像の開発 　第6節 模擬授業の効果:評価枠組みの開発 　第7節 模擬授業の効果:授業改善の事例研究 　第8節 教員養成段階で行う模擬授業を通した学生の気づき : 2つのテスト映像の比較 第4章 「反省的実践」の観点からみた教師の職能成長 　第1節 小学校体育授業における教師の反省的思考に関する研究 : 高学年担任教師の学習成果(態度得点)の相違に着目して 　第2節 小学校体育授業に対する教師の反省的思考に関する研究 : 低学年(2・3学年)担任教師の場合 　第3節 教師の反省的視点への介入が授業実践に及ぼす影響に関する事例検討 : 小学校体育授業を対象として 第5章 諸外国の教員養成における「実践的指導力」の実際 　第1節 教員就職難と総合大学化にゆれる北京の教員養成 : 北京師範大学の教育実習を中心に 　第2節 アメリカにおける体育教員養成プログラムの指導内容について : コロンビア大学を事例として 　第3節 アメリカにおける小学校教員養成プログラムの指導内容について : オハイオ州立大学を事例として 招聘研究者講演 　1. A Virtual Framework for PE Initial Teacher Education in England : Enhancing Learning to Teach. Waring, Michael. (Loughborough University) 　(和文翻訳)イングランドにおける体育の教員養成のためのヴァーチャル(仮想空間)の枠組み : 教えることを学ぶことの促進 ミカエル・ウォーリング(ラフバラ大学・イングランド・上級講師) 資料 　1. The Trend of Current Initial Teacher Training in Japan (Seiichiro KIHARA) (2006) International Symposium to Establish an Educational Communities in Asia, Korea National University of Education, pp.123-132. 　2. 香川大学教育学部模擬授業, 2つのテスト映像(DVD)研究期間:平成18-20年度 ; 研究種目:基盤研究B ; 課題番号: 1830020