Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age: Secondary Distance Indicators

The formal division of the distance indicators into primary and secondary leads to difficulties in description of methods which can actually be used in two ways: with, and without the support of the other methods for scaling. Thus instead of concentrating on the scaling requirement we concentrate on all methods of distance determination to extragalactic sources which are designated, at least formally, to use for individual sources. Among those, the Supernovae Ia is clearly the leader due to its enormous success in determination of the expansion rate of the Universe. However, new methods are rapidly developing, and there is also a progress in more traditional methods. We give a general overview of the methods but we mostly concentrate on the most recent developments in each field, and future expectations. © 2018, The Author(s)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Case Report of Foodborne Botulism in an Adolescent

The article presents a clinical case of foodborne botulism in an adolescent. Against the background of classical clinical picture in the midst of disease with the development of ophthalmoplegic, pharyngoplegic, phonolaryngoplegiс syndromes, there were marked atypical features of epidemiological history, onset and the sequence of prodromal symptoms. It have been indicated the importance of timely and adequate specific therapy that, in addition to etiotropic, detoxification and metabolic treatment, helped to achieve regression of neurological symptoms with the restoration of the quality of life of the patient in early terms

Some problematic issues of the participation of a defense lawyer in a jury trial

Иванова Лилия Фанисовна – кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры уголовного процесса, криминалистики и судебной экспертизы, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск. E-mail. [email protected]. Харланов Виталий Леонидович – кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры теории государства и права, трудового права, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск. E-mail: [email protected]. Lilia Fanosovna Ivanova – Candidate of Sciences (Law), Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Process, Criminalistics and Judicial Examination, South Ural State University, Chelya-binsk, Russian Federation. E-mail: [email protected]. Vitalii Leonidovich Kharlanov – Candidate of Science (History), Associate Professor of the Theory of State and Law, Labor Law, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation. E-mail: [email protected].В статье рассматриваются некоторые установленные запреты, с которыми сталкивается адвокат-защитник в суде с участием присяжных заседателей. В частности, вопрос ограничения восприятия личности подсудимого исключительно процессуальными характеристиками. Авторы приходят к выводу о представлении присяжным заседателям возможности исследовать данные о личности подсудимого для принятия решения по вопросу снисхождения. Анализируется возможность оглашать адвокатом-защитником заключения судебно-психологических экспертиз или комплексных судебных психолого-психиатрических экспертиз. Акцентируется внимание на том, что суд с участием присяжных заседателей является одним из самых насыщенных видов судопроизводства по своему психологическому содержанию. На основе психологических знаний анализируются практические вопросы тактики и стратегии построения защитительной речи адвоката-защитника перед судом присяжных заседателей. The article discusses some of the established prohibitions that a defense lawyer faces in a jury trial. In particular, the issue of limiting the perception of the defendant's personal-ity solely by procedural characteristics. The authors come to the conclusion that it is pos-sible to submit to the jury to investigate the data on the identity of the defendant in order to make a decision on the issue of leniency. The possibility of announcing the conclusions of forensic psychological examinations or complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examinations by a defense lawyer is analyzed. The attention is focused on the fact that the trial with the participation of jurors is one of the most intense types of legal proceedings in terms of its psychological content. On the basis of psychological knowledge, practical issues of tactics and strategies for building a defense speech of a defense lawyer before a jury are analyzed

Fluorescence diagnosis of bladder cancer with agent hexasens - The results of multicenter trial

The results of multicenter trial for efficacy of fluorescence diagnosis for bladder cancer with agent hexasens (SSC Scientific Research Institute Organic Intermediates and Dyes, Russia) based on hexyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid compared with routine cystoscopy are represented in the article. The study included 124 patients. All patients had intravesical instillation of 50 ml of 0,2% hexasens. The exposure time accounted for 1-2 h. After removal of the drug from bladder standard cystoscopy followed by fluorescence diagnosis was performed in every patient. During the local fluorescence spectroscopy the intravesical instillation of the agent hexasens was shown to induce selective accumulation of photoactive protoporphyrin IX in tumor cells comparing with intact bladder mucosa. During 1 h after intravesical instillation of hexasens solution the level of fluorescence of hexasens-induced protoporphyrin IX in the tumor was higher than that in surrounding intact mucosa at average in 5.8 fold. As compared with results of standard cystoscopy, fluorescence diagnosis improved the sensitivity of the method by 24.4% (from 75.6% to 100%), the accuracy - by 15.2% (from 83.3% to 98.5%) and negative predictive value - by 33.5% (from 66.5% to 100%). Fluorescence diagnosis gave an opportunity to detect additional tumor foci, which were invisible in white light, in 27.4% of patients. For fluorescence diagnosis in 4.0% of patients false-positive fluorescence of bladder mucosa was detected that was probably due to inflammation. None of patients received active dose of the drug hexasens had adverse reactions, changes in general well-being and blood and urine parameters. According to the results of the study fluorescence diagnosis with hexasens for bladder cancer is recommended for use in clinical practice

Fluorescence diagnosis of bladder cancer with agent hexasens - The results of multicenter trial

The results of multicenter trial for efficacy of fluorescence diagnosis for bladder cancer with agent hexasens (SSC Scientific Research Institute Organic Intermediates and Dyes, Russia) based on hexyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid compared with routine cystoscopy are represented in the article. The study included 124 patients. All patients had intravesical instillation of 50 ml of 0,2% hexasens. The exposure time accounted for 1-2 h. After removal of the drug from bladder standard cystoscopy followed by fluorescence diagnosis was performed in every patient. During the local fluorescence spectroscopy the intravesical instillation of the agent hexasens was shown to induce selective accumulation of photoactive protoporphyrin IX in tumor cells comparing with intact bladder mucosa. During 1 h after intravesical instillation of hexasens solution the level of fluorescence of hexasens-induced protoporphyrin IX in the tumor was higher than that in surrounding intact mucosa at average in 5.8 fold. As compared with results of standard cystoscopy, fluorescence diagnosis improved the sensitivity of the method by 24.4% (from 75.6% to 100%), the accuracy - by 15.2% (from 83.3% to 98.5%) and negative predictive value - by 33.5% (from 66.5% to 100%). Fluorescence diagnosis gave an opportunity to detect additional tumor foci, which were invisible in white light, in 27.4% of patients. For fluorescence diagnosis in 4.0% of patients false-positive fluorescence of bladder mucosa was detected that was probably due to inflammation. None of patients received active dose of the drug hexasens had adverse reactions, changes in general well-being and blood and urine parameters. According to the results of the study fluorescence diagnosis with hexasens for bladder cancer is recommended for use in clinical practice