Urban tourism towards sustainable development

Tourism is a modern global phenomenon and reflects the general development of society. The impact of tourism development implies not only the economic but also environmental, social and cultural aspects of life. Due to the numerous economic benefits arising from its development, tourism has gained a very important status and in many countries has received a significant role and priority in economic development. Tourism, from the area uses certain economic benefits that would otherwise remain unused. However uncontrolled development often destroyed the area where it’s realized, and in this way operates contrary to the tourism development primary aims. Uncontrolled development in which tourism is an essential part, bring into the question its further development. Therefore, the object of the paper is to determine the negative effects of uncontrolled and intensive tourism development in urban areas that are not based on the principles of sustainable development. The aim and purpose is to present the importance of applying the principles of sustainable tourism development in urban areas and define the key subjects that will have the impact for the application of the concept of sustainable development in such areas. In order to collect the basic data about the importance of applying the sustainable development conception in urban areas survey method was applied. Kruskal-Wallis test is used for the realization research aims. The research results will serve as the operational guidelines for the destination tourism managers in applying the concept of sustainable development in urban areas

Protein ostrelysine A interactions with liposomes composed by phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and ceramide phosphoethanolamine

Ostreolizin A (u daljnjem tekstu OlyA) je protein niske molekulske mase (̴15 kDa) izoliran iz gljive Pleurotus ostreatus i pripada obitelji egerolizina. Poznato je da u kombinaciji s 59-kDa proteinom pleurotolizinom B (PlyB) tvori pore i da se specifično veže na liposome u čijem se sastavu nalaze sfingomijelin (SM) i kolesterol (Kol), ceramid fosfoetanolamin (CPE) i/ili CPE:Kol, zasićeni glicerofosfolipidi/Kol te da je za vezanje potrebno minimalno 30% kolesterola. Karakteristika OlyA je i vezanje na membranske splavi koje u sastavu također imaju sfingomijelin i kolesterol i time ima potencijalnu primjenu u označavanju membranskih domena bogatih navedenim lipidima. No, pošto je sfingomijelin glavni lipid kralješnjaka, a ceramid fosfoetanolamin beskralješnjaka i pošto se razlikuju jedino skupinama na glavi molekule odlučili smo ispitati interakcije OlyA s ceramid fosfoetanolaminom i kolesterolom i saznati količine ovih lipida potrebne za vezanje proteina. Pošto se CPE nalazi u membranama beskralješnjaka uočena je i potencijalna primjena kombinacije OlyA/PlyB u suzbijanju različitih insekata i parazita. U tu svrhu smo napravili lipidne filmove rotacionim uparivačem otapala te u prvom dijelu istraživanja preliminarnim testom SDS-PAGE elektroforeze ispitali vezanje OlyA. U ovom, ali i svim ostalim testovima, koristili smo liposome s različitim molnim udjelima CPE, Kol i 1-palmitoil-2-oleil-fosfatidilkolina (POPC), dok su liposomi POPC:Kol (1:1) služili kao negativna kontrola vezanja. Isti test vezanja OlyA, ali i kombinacije OlyA/PlyB smo ponovili i osjetljivijom metodom površinske plazmonske rezonancije koja prati intermolekularne interakcije u stvarnom vremenu. Pokazali smo da je za vezanje potrebno minimalno 5% CPE i više od 30% kol. U drugom djelu istraživanja proučavali smo permeabilizacijski učinak OlyA/PlyB proteinskog kompleksa na liposome punjene kalceinom i pokazali da se kalcein otpušta iz svih liposoma osim POPC:Kol (mol:mol, 1:1) koji su ionako negativna kontrola. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da smanjenje količine CPE i kolesterola u liposomima smanjuje i permeabilizacijsku aktivnost OlyA/PlyB. Također, stvaranje pora u liposomima načinjenim od lipida koji čine membranu parazita Toxoplasma gondii otkriva mogućnost korištenja OlyA/PlyB kompleksa u suzbijanju navedenog parazita. U posljednjem dijelu istraživanja razvili smo kolorimetrijski test za određivanje ugrađene količine CPE u liposome,te smo odredili količine CPE, POPC i kolesterola u liposomima, a pomoću metode dinamičkog sipanja svijetlosti odredili veličinu velikih unilamelarnih liposomaOstreolysin A (OlyA) is a low-molecular weight protein (̴15 kDa) isolated from fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and belongs to the aegerolysin family. It is known that in combination with a 59-kDa protein, pleurotolysin B (PlyB), it forms a pore and that it specifically binds to lipid vesicles that are comprised of sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol), ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) and/or CPE:Chol and saturated glycerophospholipids/Chol. Furthermore, at least 30% cholesterol is necessary for binding. Another characteristic of OlyA is that it binds to membrane rafts composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol and thus has a potential use in labelling membrane domains rich with the aforementioned lipids. Since sphingomyelin is the major lipid in mammals and in invertebrates that is ceramide phosphoethanolamine, and since these molecules differ only in their head groups, we decided to examine the interaction of OlyA with ceramide phosphoethanolamine and cholesterol, and to determine the quantity of these lipids necessary for binding. Since CPE is found in cell membranes of invertebrates a potential application of the combination Olya/PlyB in combating various insects and parasites. For this purpose, we produced lipid films with the rotary evaporator and in the first research stage we used the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis as a preliminary test to examine the binding of OlyA. In this and all subsequent tests, we used liposomes with varying molar fractions of CPE, Chol and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), where POPC:Chol (mol:mol, 1:1) served as a negative control. The binding of OlyA, but also of the combination OlyA/PlyB, was further assayed with the sensitive surface plasmon resonance method that tracks intermolecular interactions in real time. We have shown that a minimum of 5% part CPE, and more than 30% part Chol is necessary for the OlyA binding

Protein ostrelysine A interactions with liposomes composed by phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and ceramide phosphoethanolamine

Ostreolizin A (u daljnjem tekstu OlyA) je protein niske molekulske mase (̴15 kDa) izoliran iz gljive Pleurotus ostreatus i pripada obitelji egerolizina. Poznato je da u kombinaciji s 59-kDa proteinom pleurotolizinom B (PlyB) tvori pore i da se specifično veže na liposome u čijem se sastavu nalaze sfingomijelin (SM) i kolesterol (Kol), ceramid fosfoetanolamin (CPE) i/ili CPE:Kol, zasićeni glicerofosfolipidi/Kol te da je za vezanje potrebno minimalno 30% kolesterola. Karakteristika OlyA je i vezanje na membranske splavi koje u sastavu također imaju sfingomijelin i kolesterol i time ima potencijalnu primjenu u označavanju membranskih domena bogatih navedenim lipidima. No, pošto je sfingomijelin glavni lipid kralješnjaka, a ceramid fosfoetanolamin beskralješnjaka i pošto se razlikuju jedino skupinama na glavi molekule odlučili smo ispitati interakcije OlyA s ceramid fosfoetanolaminom i kolesterolom i saznati količine ovih lipida potrebne za vezanje proteina. Pošto se CPE nalazi u membranama beskralješnjaka uočena je i potencijalna primjena kombinacije OlyA/PlyB u suzbijanju različitih insekata i parazita. U tu svrhu smo napravili lipidne filmove rotacionim uparivačem otapala te u prvom dijelu istraživanja preliminarnim testom SDS-PAGE elektroforeze ispitali vezanje OlyA. U ovom, ali i svim ostalim testovima, koristili smo liposome s različitim molnim udjelima CPE, Kol i 1-palmitoil-2-oleil-fosfatidilkolina (POPC), dok su liposomi POPC:Kol (1:1) služili kao negativna kontrola vezanja. Isti test vezanja OlyA, ali i kombinacije OlyA/PlyB smo ponovili i osjetljivijom metodom površinske plazmonske rezonancije koja prati intermolekularne interakcije u stvarnom vremenu. Pokazali smo da je za vezanje potrebno minimalno 5% CPE i više od 30% kol. U drugom djelu istraživanja proučavali smo permeabilizacijski učinak OlyA/PlyB proteinskog kompleksa na liposome punjene kalceinom i pokazali da se kalcein otpušta iz svih liposoma osim POPC:Kol (mol:mol, 1:1) koji su ionako negativna kontrola. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da smanjenje količine CPE i kolesterola u liposomima smanjuje i permeabilizacijsku aktivnost OlyA/PlyB. Također, stvaranje pora u liposomima načinjenim od lipida koji čine membranu parazita Toxoplasma gondii otkriva mogućnost korištenja OlyA/PlyB kompleksa u suzbijanju navedenog parazita. U posljednjem dijelu istraživanja razvili smo kolorimetrijski test za određivanje ugrađene količine CPE u liposome,te smo odredili količine CPE, POPC i kolesterola u liposomima, a pomoću metode dinamičkog sipanja svijetlosti odredili veličinu velikih unilamelarnih liposomaOstreolysin A (OlyA) is a low-molecular weight protein (̴15 kDa) isolated from fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and belongs to the aegerolysin family. It is known that in combination with a 59-kDa protein, pleurotolysin B (PlyB), it forms a pore and that it specifically binds to lipid vesicles that are comprised of sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol), ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) and/or CPE:Chol and saturated glycerophospholipids/Chol. Furthermore, at least 30% cholesterol is necessary for binding. Another characteristic of OlyA is that it binds to membrane rafts composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol and thus has a potential use in labelling membrane domains rich with the aforementioned lipids. Since sphingomyelin is the major lipid in mammals and in invertebrates that is ceramide phosphoethanolamine, and since these molecules differ only in their head groups, we decided to examine the interaction of OlyA with ceramide phosphoethanolamine and cholesterol, and to determine the quantity of these lipids necessary for binding. Since CPE is found in cell membranes of invertebrates a potential application of the combination Olya/PlyB in combating various insects and parasites. For this purpose, we produced lipid films with the rotary evaporator and in the first research stage we used the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis as a preliminary test to examine the binding of OlyA. In this and all subsequent tests, we used liposomes with varying molar fractions of CPE, Chol and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), where POPC:Chol (mol:mol, 1:1) served as a negative control. The binding of OlyA, but also of the combination OlyA/PlyB, was further assayed with the sensitive surface plasmon resonance method that tracks intermolecular interactions in real time. We have shown that a minimum of 5% part CPE, and more than 30% part Chol is necessary for the OlyA binding

Protein ostrelysine A interactions with liposomes composed by phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and ceramide phosphoethanolamine

Ostreolizin A (u daljnjem tekstu OlyA) je protein niske molekulske mase (̴15 kDa) izoliran iz gljive Pleurotus ostreatus i pripada obitelji egerolizina. Poznato je da u kombinaciji s 59-kDa proteinom pleurotolizinom B (PlyB) tvori pore i da se specifično veže na liposome u čijem se sastavu nalaze sfingomijelin (SM) i kolesterol (Kol), ceramid fosfoetanolamin (CPE) i/ili CPE:Kol, zasićeni glicerofosfolipidi/Kol te da je za vezanje potrebno minimalno 30% kolesterola. Karakteristika OlyA je i vezanje na membranske splavi koje u sastavu također imaju sfingomijelin i kolesterol i time ima potencijalnu primjenu u označavanju membranskih domena bogatih navedenim lipidima. No, pošto je sfingomijelin glavni lipid kralješnjaka, a ceramid fosfoetanolamin beskralješnjaka i pošto se razlikuju jedino skupinama na glavi molekule odlučili smo ispitati interakcije OlyA s ceramid fosfoetanolaminom i kolesterolom i saznati količine ovih lipida potrebne za vezanje proteina. Pošto se CPE nalazi u membranama beskralješnjaka uočena je i potencijalna primjena kombinacije OlyA/PlyB u suzbijanju različitih insekata i parazita. U tu svrhu smo napravili lipidne filmove rotacionim uparivačem otapala te u prvom dijelu istraživanja preliminarnim testom SDS-PAGE elektroforeze ispitali vezanje OlyA. U ovom, ali i svim ostalim testovima, koristili smo liposome s različitim molnim udjelima CPE, Kol i 1-palmitoil-2-oleil-fosfatidilkolina (POPC), dok su liposomi POPC:Kol (1:1) služili kao negativna kontrola vezanja. Isti test vezanja OlyA, ali i kombinacije OlyA/PlyB smo ponovili i osjetljivijom metodom površinske plazmonske rezonancije koja prati intermolekularne interakcije u stvarnom vremenu. Pokazali smo da je za vezanje potrebno minimalno 5% CPE i više od 30% kol. U drugom djelu istraživanja proučavali smo permeabilizacijski učinak OlyA/PlyB proteinskog kompleksa na liposome punjene kalceinom i pokazali da se kalcein otpušta iz svih liposoma osim POPC:Kol (mol:mol, 1:1) koji su ionako negativna kontrola. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da smanjenje količine CPE i kolesterola u liposomima smanjuje i permeabilizacijsku aktivnost OlyA/PlyB. Također, stvaranje pora u liposomima načinjenim od lipida koji čine membranu parazita Toxoplasma gondii otkriva mogućnost korištenja OlyA/PlyB kompleksa u suzbijanju navedenog parazita. U posljednjem dijelu istraživanja razvili smo kolorimetrijski test za određivanje ugrađene količine CPE u liposome,te smo odredili količine CPE, POPC i kolesterola u liposomima, a pomoću metode dinamičkog sipanja svijetlosti odredili veličinu velikih unilamelarnih liposomaOstreolysin A (OlyA) is a low-molecular weight protein (̴15 kDa) isolated from fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and belongs to the aegerolysin family. It is known that in combination with a 59-kDa protein, pleurotolysin B (PlyB), it forms a pore and that it specifically binds to lipid vesicles that are comprised of sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol), ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) and/or CPE:Chol and saturated glycerophospholipids/Chol. Furthermore, at least 30% cholesterol is necessary for binding. Another characteristic of OlyA is that it binds to membrane rafts composed of sphingomyelin and cholesterol and thus has a potential use in labelling membrane domains rich with the aforementioned lipids. Since sphingomyelin is the major lipid in mammals and in invertebrates that is ceramide phosphoethanolamine, and since these molecules differ only in their head groups, we decided to examine the interaction of OlyA with ceramide phosphoethanolamine and cholesterol, and to determine the quantity of these lipids necessary for binding. Since CPE is found in cell membranes of invertebrates a potential application of the combination Olya/PlyB in combating various insects and parasites. For this purpose, we produced lipid films with the rotary evaporator and in the first research stage we used the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis as a preliminary test to examine the binding of OlyA. In this and all subsequent tests, we used liposomes with varying molar fractions of CPE, Chol and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), where POPC:Chol (mol:mol, 1:1) served as a negative control. The binding of OlyA, but also of the combination OlyA/PlyB, was further assayed with the sensitive surface plasmon resonance method that tracks intermolecular interactions in real time. We have shown that a minimum of 5% part CPE, and more than 30% part Chol is necessary for the OlyA binding

Additive Processes in the Development of New Products with a Review of Terminology Issues

Prije izrade eksperimentalnog dijela rada objašnjeni su postupci pomoću kojih su modeli izrađeni. Objašnjen je rad u programskim alatima Solidworks, Autodesk Meshmixer, Makerbot Desktop i Makerbot Digitizer, koji su se koristili pri razvoju tih modela. Izrađena je kutijica za lijekove. Rad sadrži osvrt na terminološka pitanja koja su se u hrvatskome jeziku pojavila uslijed ubrzanog razvoja ove tehnologije.Before the experimental part of this paper, procedures used in making the models have been explained. Furthermore, this paper provides an insight into software Solidworks, Autodesk Meshmixer, Makerbot Desktop, Makerbot Digitizer, the tools used for developing the models. Medication box was made in the experimental part of this paper. The paper contains a review of terminology issues that have appeared in the Croatian language due to the rapid development of this technology

ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROCESSES - CRUISE PORT DUBROVNIK

World cruise market is very dynamic and it is characterised by constant changes in offer and demand. Dubrovnik, as one of the leading port in the Mediterranean is faced with the problem of large concentrations of ships and passengers in a short period of time. Paper provides answers to the questions: how to manage cruise tourism in Dubrovnik? What are the guidelines for the further development of cruising in Dubrovnik? Modern ports management system must be organized and managed in a manner that will ensure the recognition requirements of stakeholders and their fulfilment. All this requires a more complex integrated management system, in which the requirements of quality management will be the basis, and requirements of environmental management needed an upgrade