Formování sestřihových snRNP v buněčném jádře

1 ABSTRACT There are many structures, suborganelles and bodies in the eukaryotic cell nucleus. These domains provide the nucleus with many specific functions. Nucleolus is specialized compartment serves to ribosomes assembly, nuclear speckles or Splicing Factors Compartment play an important role in RNA processing and best studied of them, Cajal bodies (CBs), are involved in snRNP maturation. However, non-membrane substructures are not unique for cell nucleus; processing bodies (P bodies) found in the cytoplasm are proposed to be important places in mRNA degradation pathway. This work is a compilation of four projects focused on non-membrane cellular bodies; namely, nuclear CBs and cytoplasmic P bodies. Both CBs and P bodies are dynamic structures that continuously exchange their components with surrounding environment. In addition to a widely accepted role of CBs in snRNP biogenesis, we show that the CB serves as a place where snRNPs are regenerated after each round of splicing. Thus, CBs are important nuclear compartment involved in snRNP recycling. To further characterize tri-snRNP assembly in CBs we applied kinetic experiments combined with mathematical modeling and created a kinetic model of tri- snRNP formation in the CB that determined kinetic parameters of tri-snRNP formation. Moreover, our kinetic...1 ABSTRAKT V eukaryotickém buněčném jádře existuje mnoho struktur, suborganel a tělísek. Tyto struktury poskytují jádru mnoho specifických funkcí. Jadérko se specializuje na skládání ribozomů, jaderné "speckles" nebo též SFC, hrají důležitou roli v úpravách RNA a nejlépe prostudovaná jaderná tělíska, Cajalova tělíska (CB), jsou zapojená do maturace snRNP částic. Bezmembránové kompartmenty nejsou unikátní jen pro buněčné jádro, cytoplasmatická tělíska zvaná P bodies jsou pravděpodobně důležitými místy v dráze degradace mRNA. Tato práce je souborem čtyř projektů zaměřených na bezmembránové buněčné struktury, jmenovitě jaderné CB a cytoplasmatické P bodies. Oba druhy buněčných struktur, CB i P bodies, jsou dynamické struktury, které stále vyměňují své součásti se svým okolím. CB je obecně akceptováno jako místo biogeneze snRNP. My jsme ukázali, že v CB jsou snRNP také regenerovány po sestřihu. CB tedy hraje důležitou roli v recyklaci snRNP částic. Kombinací kinetických experimentů a matematického modelování jsme vytvořili kinetický model formování tri-snRNP komplexu v CB na základě kterého jsme určili kinetické parametry skládání tri-snRNP. Podle našeho modelu se v CB skládá tri- snRNP 11x efektivněji než v nukleoplasmě. Identifikovali jsme specifický faktor pro cílení a lokalizaci tri-snRNP komponent do CB....Department of Cell BiologyKatedra buněčné biologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Marketing Plan for company ISSO s.r.o.

Cieľom tejto práce je vypracovanie návrhu marketingového plánu pre spoločnosť ISSO, s.r.o.. V teoretickej časti sú spracované poznatky týkajúce sa marketingu a marketingovej komunikácie. Druhá analytická časť obsahuje spracovanie súčasnej situácie podniku na trhu. V poslednej časti navrhujem komplexný marketingový plán, ktorý dbá na splnenie zvolených cieľov.The main goal of this bachelor´s thesis is to prepare a draft marketing plan for ISSO, s.r.o.. In the theoretical part, knowledge about marketing, marketing communication is processed. The second analytical part includes the processing of the current situation of the company on the market. In the last part, I propose a comprehensive marketing plan that takes care of the chosen goals.

GOLD NANOSTRUCTURES SPUTTERED ON ZINC OXIDE THIN FILM AND CORNING GLASS SUBSTRATES

Forming of Au nanostructures on Corning glass substrates and transparent conductive oxide ZnO:Al thin films by the RF diode sequential sputtering is presented. The morphology of Au structures was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the free ImageJ software, the optical properties were evaluated by UV-Vis spectrometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The sputtering power density (deposition rate) and nominal Au thickness caused changes in the sizes (10 – 1000 nm2) and nearest neighbour NN distances (4 – 40 nm) of Au nanostructures. The morphology of nanostructures exhibited the LogNormal distribution of the size of nanostructures. The lowest sputtering power density/deposition rate (9 mW/mm2/0.12 nm s–1) was optimal to get both the high optical transparency and a superior activity surface-enhanced Raman scattering of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid adsorbed on the Au/ZnO:Al film

Comparison of the actual costs during removal of concrete layer by high-speed water jets

This paper describes the process of possible evaluation of costs of using high speed water jet technology for concrete removal methods. High speed water jet technology is a progressive technology of removing damaged concrete used in civil engineering since the 80's of 20th century. It has been changing and developing since that time. But there is little information in literature devoted to the economic evaluation of this technology. Detailed economic analysis is still missing. This paper aims to compare comprehensively in economic terms the costs of removing concrete using the technology of both continuous oscillating and pulsating oscillating water jets. The research was realized in cooperation with research institutions and industrial companies and was supported by state budget of the Czech Republic and from the European Union. The scheme of cooperation of the University, research institutions, industrial companies and government follows the Triple helix model

Reductive Evolution of the Mitochondrial Processing Peptidases of the Unicellular Parasites Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis

Mitochondrial processing peptidases are heterodimeric enzymes (α/βMPP) that play an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis by recognizing and cleaving the targeting presequences of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The two subunits are paralogues that probably evolved by duplication of a gene for a monomeric metallopeptidase from the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria. Here, we characterize the MPP-like proteins from two important human parasites that contain highly reduced versions of mitochondria, the mitosomes of Giardia intestinalis and the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Our biochemical characterization of recombinant proteins showed that, contrary to a recent report, the Trichomonas processing peptidase functions efficiently as an α/β heterodimer. By contrast, and so far uniquely among eukaryotes, the Giardia processing peptidase functions as a monomer comprising a single βMPP-like catalytic subunit. The structure and surface charge distribution of the Giardia processing peptidase predicted from a 3-D protein model appear to have co-evolved with the properties of Giardia mitosomal targeting sequences, which, unlike classic mitochondrial targeting signals, are typically short and impoverished in positively charged residues. The majority of hydrogenosomal presequences resemble those of mitosomes, but longer, positively charged mitochondrial-type presequences were also identified, consistent with the retention of the Trichomonas αMPP-like subunit. Our computational and experimental/functional analyses reveal that the divergent processing peptidases of Giardia mitosomes and Trichomonas hydrogenosomes evolved from the same ancestral heterodimeric α/βMPP metallopeptidase as did the classic mitochondrial enzyme. The unique monomeric structure of the Giardia enzyme, and the co-evolving properties of the Giardia enzyme and substrate, provide a compelling example of the power of reductive evolution to shape parasite biology

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2

Combined fit to the spectrum and composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory including magnetic horizon effects

The measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays can be interpreted assuming the presence of two extragalactic source populations, one dominating the flux at energies above a few EeV and the other below. To fit the data ignoring magnetic field effects, the high-energy population needs to accelerate a mixture of nuclei with very hard spectra, at odds with the approximate E$^{-2}$ shape expected from diffusive shock acceleration. The presence of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields in the region between the closest sources and the Earth can significantly modify the observed CR spectrum with respect to that emitted by the sources, reducing the flux of low-rigidity particles that reach the Earth. We here take into account this magnetic horizon effect in the combined fit of the spectrum and shower depth distributions, exploring the possibility that a spectrum for the high-energy population sources with a shape closer to E$^{-2}$ be able to explain the observations