Development of Eye Mouse Using EOG signals and Learning Vector Quantization Method

Recognition of eye motions has attracted more and more attention of researchers all over the world in recent years. Compared with other body movements, eye motion is responsive and needs a low consumption of physical strength. In particular, for patients with severe physical disabilities, eye motion is the last spontaneous motion for them to make a respond. In order to provide an efficient means of communication for patients such as ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) who cannot move even their muscles except eye, in this paper we proposed a system that uses EOG signals and Learning Vector Quantization algorithm to recognize eye motions. According to recognition results, we use API (application programming interface) to control cursor movements. This system would be used as a means of communication to help ALS patients

The Care Economy: a new research framework

Care economy refers to the sector of economic activities, both paid and unpaid, related to the provisions of social and material care, which contribute to nurturing and supporting the present and future populations. Broadly, it includes direct and indirect care of children, the elderly and the disabled, health care, education, and as well, financial and other personal and domestic services aimed at supporting and enhancing individual well-being. Although largely invisible and scarcely accounted in national account systems, such as GDP, care and care work is increasingly recognized as essential for the maintenance of capability and well-being of individuals, and for the functioning of society and the economy. In almost all high- and middle-income countries the combination of the shift from an industrial/manufacturing to a service-based economy and the steady socio-demographic changes over the last several decades have made care economy an increasingly relevant social, economic and political issue today. Yet, despite growing awareness, the concept of the care economy remains ambiguous and the research on the topic germinal. The objectives of this paper are to: 1) trace and elucidate the ideas around the care economy; 2) analyze key concepts and debates around the idea of the care economy that may contribute to future research; and 3) discuss a potential research and policy agenda for understanding care economies today. I draw mostly from feminist research within the fields of social policy and welfare states, economy, sociology and political economy, highlighting some of the key debates and areas of convergence

Assembling defenses against therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells: Bcl6 joins the ranks

The resistance of leukemic stem cells in response to targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) relies on the cooperative activity of multiple signaling pathways and molecules, including TGFβ, AKT, and FOXO transcription factors (TFs). B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional repressor whose translocation or mutation is associated with diffuse large BCL. New data now show that BCL6 is critical for the maintenance of leukemias driven by the BCR-ABL translocation (Philadelphia chromosome), suggesting that BCL6 is a novel, targetable member of the complex signaling pathways critical for leukemic stem cell survival

Enantioselective synthesis of allylboronates and allylic alcohols by copper-catalyzed 1,6-boration

Chiral secondary allylboronates are obtained in high enantioselectivities by the copper-catalyzed 1,6-boration of electron-deficient dienes with B2(pin)2. The reactions proceed efficiently using catalyst loadings as low as 0.0049 mol%. The allylboronates may be oxidized to the allylic alcohols, and can be used in stereoselective aldehyde allylborations. This process was applied to a concise synthesis of atorvastatin

Symmetries of Holographic Super-Minimal Models

We compute the asymptotic symmetry of the higher-spin supergravity theory in AdS_3 and obtain an infinite-dimensional non-linear superalgebra, which we call the super-W_infinity[lambda] algebra. According to the recently proposed supersymmetric duality between higher-spin supergravity in an AdS_3 background and the 't Hooft limit of the N=2 CP^n Kazama-Suzuki model on the boundary, this symmetry algebra should agree with the 't Hooft limit of the chiral algebra of the CFT, SW_n. We provide two nontrivial checks of the duality. By comparing the algebras, we explicitly match the lowest-spin commutation relations in the super-W_infinity[lambda] with the corresponding commutation relations in the 't Hooft limit on the CFT side. We also consider the degenerate representations of the two algebras and find that the spectra of the chiral primary fields are identical.Comment: 33 pages, references added, some errors corrected, discussions about the truncation of the shs[lambda] algebra and reobtaining the original shs[lambda] algebra from the super-W_infinity[lambda] algebra adde

Composite THz materials using aligned metallic and semiconductor microwires, experiments and interpretation

We report fabrication method and THz characterization of composite films containing either aligned metallic (tin alloy) microwires or chalcogenide As2Se3 microwires. The microwire arrays are made by stack-and-draw fiber fabrication technique using multi-step co-drawing of low-melting-temperature metals or semiconductor glasses together with polymers. Fibers are then stacked together and pressed into composite films. Transmission through metamaterial films is studied in the whole THz range (0.1-20 THz) using a combination of FTIR and TDS. Metal containing metamaterials are found to have strong polarizing properties, while semiconductor containing materials are polarization independent and could have a designable high refractive index. Using the transfer matrix theory, we show how to retrieve the complex polarization dependent refractive index of the composite films. We then detail the selfconsistent algorithm for retrieving the optical properties of the metal alloy used in the fabrication of the metamaterial layers by using an effective medium approximation. Finally, we study challenges in fabrication of metamaterials with sub-micrometer metallic wires by repeated stack-and-draw process by comparing samples made using 2, 3 and 4 consecutive drawings. When using metallic alloys we observe phase separation effects and nano-grids formation on small metallic wires

Spatial and seasonal variability of the air-sea equilibration timescale of carbon dioxide

The exchange of carbon dioxide between the ocean and the atmosphere tends to bring waters within the mixed layer toward equilibrium by reducing the partial pressure gradient across the air-water interface. However, the equilibration process is not instantaneous; in general, there is a lag between forcing and response. The timescale of air-sea equilibration depends on several factors involving the depth of the mixed layer, wind speed, and carbonate chemistry. We use a suite of observational data sets to generate climatological and seasonal composite maps of the air-sea equilibration timescale. The relaxation timescale exhibits considerable spatial and seasonal variations that are largely set by changes in mixed layer depth and wind speed. The net effect is dominated by the mixed layer depth; the gas exchange velocity and carbonate chemistry parameters only provide partial compensation. Broadly speaking, the adjustment timescale tends to increase with latitude. We compare the observationally derived air-sea gas exchange timescale with a model-derived surface residence time and a data-derived horizontal transport timescale, which allows us to define two nondimensional metrics of equilibration efficiency. These parameters highlight the tropics, subtropics, and northern North Atlantic as regions of inefficient air-sea equilibration where carbon anomalies are relatively likely to persist. The efficiency parameters presented here can serve as simple tools for understanding the large-scale persistence of air-sea disequilibrium of CO2 in both observations and models

Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting

Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb