Implementación de un prototipo de tricimoto para personas con paraplejía

People with paraplegia face daily urban walls, due to the lack of an economic means of transportation and adequate to their abilities, it interferes with the individual's ability to be independent and their performance in society. Considering that people with this disability cannot get rid of their wheelchair, the current project presents the design and construction of a prototype Tricycle-moto by adapting a motorcycle, which will provide independence for people suffering from paraplegia, in this way a solution is provided to their mobility problems so it’s possible to integrate them to a socio-economic environment. The prototype structural system was designed and modeled with projection to optimize resources and materials, but without altering the quality of the same. Tricycle-moto was constructed with materials of approved characteristics by the norms of Ecuadorian regularization, fulfilling quality controls in each stage of construction to provide security and quality to the prototype. Its engine of 150 c.c. provides a power of 10 hp in addition to being economical has a yield of 10 km / l of fuel, the Tricycle-moto will be able to make daily trips to the person different social activities, with a maximum circulation speed of 50 km / h. in order to grantee the safety by the prototype starts from the design, its center of gravity is distributed in a way that can minimize the effects caused by an accident, in addition to the mandatory elements such as the helmet and safety belt that has as its purpose safeguarding the integrity of the individual by proving to be an efficient and economic vehicle. The Tricycle-moto will solve the displacement and autonomy person problems who has mobility problems in their lower limbs.Las personas con paraplejía afrontan a diario murallas urbanas, debido a la carencia de un medio de transporte económico y adecuado a sus capacidades, esto interfiere con la aptitud del individuo de ser independiente y su desempeño en la sociedad. Considerando que, las personas con dicha discapacidad no pueden desprenderse de su silla de ruedas, en el actual proyecto se presenta el diseño y construcción de un prototipo de Tricimoto mediante la adaptación de una motocicleta, que brindará independencia a las personas que padecen paraplejía, proporcionando de este modo una solución ante sus problemas de movilidad integrando a las mismas a un ambiente socio-económico. El sistema estructural del prototipo fue diseñado y modelado con proyección a optimizar recursos y materiales, pero sin alterar la calidad del mismo. La Tricimoto se construyó con materiales de características aprobadas por las normas de regularización ecuatorianas, cumpliendo controles de calidad en cada etapa de construcción para brindar seguridad y calidad al prototipo. Su motor de 150 c.c. suministra una potencia de 10 hp además de ser económico tiene un rendimiento de 10 km/l de combustible, la Tricimoto podrá realizar recorridos diarios a las distintas actividades sociales de la persona, con una velocidad máxima de circulación de 50 km/h. De ésta manera la seguridad concedida por el prototipo inicia desde el diseño, su centro de gravedad está distribuido de manera que pueda disminuir al máximo los efectos ocasionados por un accidente, además de los elementos obligatorios como el casco y cinturón de seguridad que tiene como finalidad salvaguardar la integridad del individuo demostrando ser un vehículo eficiente y económico. La Tricimoto solucionará los problemas de desplazamiento y autonomía de la persona que posee problemas de movilidad en sus miembros inferiores.Universidad Técnica de Cotopax

Optimización de parámetros para la producción de proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero

Optimizar los parámetros para la producción de proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo optimizar los parámetros para la producción de proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero, logrando así que este desecho agroindustrial tenga un uso adecuado, evitando la contaminación ambiental en aquellas zonas donde es vertido, y a un futuro no muy lejano darle un valor agregado para el consumo animal y porque no decir que sea una fuente nutricional para el consumo humano. El presente estudio prácticamente consistió en tres etapas: 1) Pre tratamiento del lactosuero: Etapa en donde se desproteinizó la materia prima adicionando Ácido tricloro Acético y posteriormente se llevó a una pasteurización. 2) Proceso de fermentación: Etapa en donde se adicionó la levadura Saccharomyces cereviciae y el Sulfato de Amonio permitiendo que el proceso de fermentación tenga una fuente nutritiva hasta llegar a su fase estacionaria; seguidamente se llevó al biorreactor y se controló la temperatura, agitación y el pH. 3) Separación y recogida del producto: Al terminar el proceso de fermentación se obtuvo una pasta rica en proteínas, la cual se separó del efluente por medio de una centrifugación, posteriormente se secó y se llevó a almacenamiento, a temperatura ambiente de 25°C. Para el desarrollo de la fase experimental se utilizó el diseño 2K, en donde K es el número de factores con dos niveles, los factores para este diseño fueron: cantidad de Sulfato de Amonio, temperatura y agitación, las características del experimento fueron: ocho tratamientos, a los cuales se les realizó tres repeticiones teniendo así 24 unidades experimentales, formadas por 2000 ml de lactosuero cada una, se obtuvieron 8 productos finales (mejores repeticiones), que fueron sometidos a pruebas físico-químicas: humedad, ceniza y porcentaje de proteína. Terminado los análisis estadísticos del diseño experimental 2K, se determinó que el punto óptimo para producir proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero, fue el tratamiento (ab), con un rendimiento en base seca de 28,2 g y con un 42,23% de proteína. Los factores que tuvo este tratamiento fueron: Sulfato de Amonio: 150 ml, temperatura: 30°C y 200 rpm, en un tiempo de fermentación de 18 horas.Ingenierí

Optimización de parámetros para la producción de proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero.

Optimizar los parámetros para la producción de proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo optimizar los parámetros para la producción de proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero, logrando así que este desecho agroindustrial tenga un uso adecuado, evitando la contaminación ambiental en aquellas zonas donde es vertido, y a un futuro no muy lejano darle un valor agregado para el consumo animal y porque no decir que sea una fuente nutricional para el consumo humano. El presente estudio prácticamente consistió en tres etapas: 1) Pre tratamiento del lactosuero: Etapa en donde se desproteinizó la materia prima adicionando Ácido tricloro Acético y posteriormente se llevó a una pasteurización. 2) Proceso de fermentación: Etapa en donde se adicionó la levadura Saccharomyces cereviciae y el Sulfato de Amonio permitiendo que el proceso de fermentación tenga una fuente nutritiva hasta llegar a su fase estacionaria; seguidamente se llevó al biorreactor y se controló la temperatura, agitación y el pH. 3) Separación y recogida del producto: Al terminar el proceso de fermentación se obtuvo una pasta rica en proteínas, la cual se separó del efluente por medio de una centrifugación, posteriormente se secó y se llevó a almacenamiento, a temperatura ambiente de 25°C. Para el desarrollo de la fase experimental se utilizó el diseño 2K, en donde K es el número de factores con dos niveles, los factores para este diseño fueron: cantidad de Sulfato de Amonio, temperatura y agitación, las características del experimento fueron: ocho tratamientos, a los cuales se les realizó tres repeticiones teniendo así 24 unidades experimentales, formadas por 2000 ml de lactosuero cada una, se obtuvieron 8 productos finales (mejores repeticiones), que fueron sometidos a pruebas físico-químicas: humedad, ceniza y porcentaje de proteína. Terminado los análisis estadísticos del diseño experimental 2K, se determinó que el punto óptimo para producir proteína unicelular a partir de lactosuero, fue el tratamiento (ab), con un rendimiento en base seca de 28,2 g y con un 42,23% de proteína. Los factores que tuvo este tratamiento fueron: Sulfato de Amonio: 150 ml, temperatura: 30°C y 200 rpm, en un tiempo de fermentación de 18 horas.Ingenierí

Zoledronate treatment duration is linked to bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw prevalence in rice rats with generalized periodontitis

ObjectivesTo determine the extent that zoledronate (ZOL) dose and duration is associated with bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) prevalence in rice rats with generalized periodontitis (PD), characterize structural and tissue‐level features of BRONJ‐like lesions in this model, and examine the specific anti‐resorptive role of ZOL in BRONJ.Materials and MethodsRice rats (n = 228) consumed high sucrose‐casein diet to enhance generalized PD. Groups of rats received 0, 8, 20, 50 or 125 µg/kg IV ZOL/4 weeks encompassing osteoporosis and oncology ZOL doses. Rats from each dose group (n = 9–16) were necropsied after 12, 18, 24 and 30 weeks of treatment. BRONJ‐like lesion prevalence and tissue‐level features were assessed grossly, histopathologically and by MicroCT. ZOL bone turnover effects were assessed by femoral peripheral quantitative computed tomography, serum bone turnover marker ELISAs and osteoclast immunolabelling.ResultsPrevalence of BRONJ‐like lesions was significantly associated with (a) ZOL treatment duration, but plateaued at the lowest oncologic dose, and (b) there was a similar dose‐related plateau in the systemic anti‐resorptive effect of ZOL. ZOL and BRONJ‐like lesions also altered the structural and tissue‐level features of the jaw.ConclusionThe relationship between BRONJ‐like lesion prevalence and ZOL dose and duration varies depending on the co‐ or pre‐existing oral risk factor. At clinically relevant doses of ZOL, BRONJ‐like lesions are associated with anti‐resorptive activity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149302/1/odi13052.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149302/2/odi13052_am.pd

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p&lt;0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (&lt;1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (&lt;1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase&nbsp;1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation&nbsp;disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age&nbsp; 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score&nbsp; 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc&nbsp;= 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N&nbsp;= 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in&nbsp;Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in&nbsp;Asia&nbsp;and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Implementación de una red de Monitoreo del Gas Radón a través de una red de Internet

El presente proyecto de grado tiene como objetivo el diseño e implementación de un prototipo electrónico, cuyo propósito es la medición de partículas alfa emitidas por la presencia del elemento Radón en la ciudad de Cuenca, siendo monitoreada mediante una red de Internet. La captación del Radón se basa en el principio de funcionamiento de una Cámara de Ionización, percibiendo la radiación alfa a través de la ionización que genera el elemento con el ambiente al llegar a su proceso de semidesintegración. La señal que se obtiene de la cámara es de una intensidad baja, siendo necesaria una amplificación a través de circuitos electrónicos para adecuar la señal y realizar el envío apropiado de la información hacia el Servidor Web mediante una conexión a Internet. La parte electrónica del Transductor consta de un sistema embebido que brinda una conexión WiFi, que al acceder mediante peticiones a un punto de red, permite la transmisión de la información a través del Internet. La información que envía los equipos de adquisición de la señal son almacenados en la base de datos del servidor Web, con la finalidad de brindar acceso a la Página Web e Interfaz del Usuario de forma remota para una visualización del comportamiento del Radón en nuestro entorno. Para concluir se presenta el costo de elaboración del transductor, así como las gráficas del comportamiento del Radón visualizadas en la Página Web e Interfaz del Usuario, cuyos datos han sido obtenidos por parte de los equipos de adquisición de la señalThe current degree project aims to design and apply an electronic prototype and a network whose purpose is the measurement of alpha particles emitted by the presence of radon element in Cuenca, which is being monitored through a Web page and User interface. Radon uptake is based on the principle of operation of an ionization chamber, sensing the alpha radiation through the ionization generated by the element with its environment; thereby reaching its half-life process. The signal obtained from the camera is a low intensity, meaning an amplification through electronic circuitry to adjust the signal and make the proper delivery of information to the Web server via an Internet connection. The electronic job of the Transducer consists of an embedded system that provides a WiFi connection, which its access point through petitions to a network, allows transmission of information via Internet. The information being sent by signal acquisition equipment are stored in the database of the Web server, in order to provide access to the Website and User Interface remotely for a visualization of the behavior of radon in our environment. In conclusion the cost of preparing the transducer is shown, as well as graphs of the behavior of Radon displayed on the Web page and user interface, whose data have been obtained by the equipment signal acquisition.Ingeniero en Electrónica y TelecomunicacionesCuenc

Aumento de la vida útil del rodamiento para un tupi de banco mediante análisis tribológico

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la eficacia de la selección del lubricante mediante el análisis tribológico para ambientes contaminados con aserrín, que es el ambiente de trabajo existente en una carpintería; con este propósito, se realizó una comparación estadística mediante la prueba t-student de los tiempos de vida de los rodamientos con grasa multipropósito y la seleccionada con el análisis respectivo. De acuerdo con las observaciones el tiempo de vida de los rodamientos con la grasa seleccionada con el análisis tribológico es superior al de los rodamientos con grasa multipropósito. Este incremento en la vida útil del rodamiento, es de relevancia puesto que con esto se incrementa el tiempo medio entre fallas, reduciéndose los costos de las reparaciones y las pérdidas por el lucro cesante producido durante el tiempo de indisponibilida