Appraisal of Ground Water Potential through Remote Sensing in River Basin, Pakistan

Groundwater is an important source of water supply throughout the world and is one of the vital parts of the hydrological cycle. Its availability depends on the precipitation and recharge conditions. In arid regions, recharge amount is smaller than semiarid regions. Recharge is the basic phenomenon for the sustainability of ground water resources. Pakistan has inadequate water resources and inflow pattern due to arid climate. There are so many factors which make the conditions gradually worst such as increasing population, change in climate condition and misuse of water resources etc. These factors lead to the situation of water scarcity rather than any addition. watershed is positioned at the boundary of Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. It is the most important water supply source to Industrial area and the mega city of Karachi, which is getting only about 50 percent of water supply against its fast-increasing requirement. Hab watershed is therefore considered for this study. Remote Sensing and GIS are very effective tools for the assessment and exploration of potential sites of groundwater in any of the watershed. A case study was conducted for the assessment of groundwater potential sites in study area. For this purpose, different thematic layers were created like drainage map, structural and geological map and Overlay analysis was performed and to determine the potential zone of groundwater in the study area

Toxicity immobilization of refinery sludge containing heavy metals via vitrification process

Heavy metals are known to be toxic to human and the environment. Despite the growing of petrochemical and refinery industries, the world is facing problems with the heavy metals contamination from the sludge by the industries. Many methods have been applied to address these issues from the refinery sludge. In this study, stabilization and solidification of refinery sludge containing heavy metals using vitrification method was utilized to solve this problem. The ashing temperature of 550oC was selected in preparing the ash of the dried sludge prior to the vitrification process at 1110oC to 1400oC. After vitrification, all samples were morphologically, thermally and toxically analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. The sludge contained high amount of iron and aluminum, followed by some amount of magnesium, gold, arsenic and zinc with some traces of nickel and lead. Results showed that at maximum vitrified temperature of 1400oC, no magnesium, nickel and lead were detected in the sludge and only some traces of other heavy metals with less than 1 ppm. The vitrification method exhibits excellent output in immobilizing the transition metals leading to a reduction in environmental pollution caused by petrochemical and refinery sludge containing heavy metals

The Cultural Message of Da’wah on The Jingkrak Sundang Dance in Central Java

This study aims to discuss the message of da’wah that is contained in the Jinkrak Sundang Dance by using a qualitative descriptive approach and using the technique of semiotic analysis. Semiotics seeks to find the signs with meaning and know the sign systems such as language, movement, music, and pictures. As for the objects of the material to be analyzed is the movement of dance performed by the Jingkrak Sundang Dance artist, located in Magelang. A semiotic analysis on the Jingkrak Sundang Dance is performed on each stage or round: Mlayu, Nebah Bumi, Laku Telu Dadung Ngawuk, Pati, Mendem, and Nawur. Jingkrak Sundang Dance depicts the anger of the animals whose habitat was marred by the man’s hand, who was not responsible. The da’wah messages were found in denotation and connotation that many charged theological and anthropological. Theologically, the da’wah message explains the belief in the power of God as creators and regulators of whole natural life. In contrast, the da’wah message emphasizes the anthropocentric, seen many messages that urge to keep, love, and affection among fellow creatures. This study shows the conveyed to society to preserve nature and survival of all living beings. In addition, human behavior with good acts, help, and practice at once be an example for human beings and caring for the sustainability of the nature of the other

Penentuan Zona Gerakan Tanah dan Analisis Kemantapan Lereng di Kecamatan Klego, Kabupaten Boyolali, Jawa Tengah

Bencana gerakan tanah merupakan salah satu jenis bencana yang sering terjadi, baik secara alamiah maupun buatan, yang dampaknya menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerusakan infrastruktur (Noor, 2011). Kecamatan Klego, Kabupaten Boyolali merupakan wilayah yang perkembangan sarana infrastrukturnya cukup tinggi, tetapi juga berpotensi mengalami gerakan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi, tingkat kerentanan gerakan tanah dan kestabilan lereng di Kecamatan Klego. Geologi Kecamatan Klego terdiri dari batulanau, breksi laharik, breksi piroklastik dan endapan alluvium, struktur geologi terdiri dari sesar geser sinistral dengan kedudukan strike dan dip N 325o E/52o, bersifat minor. Faktor penyebab terjadinya gerakan tanah di Kecamatan Klego adalah kondisi kemiringan lereng yang curam, litologi/ material penyusun lereng yang telah lapuk, dan faktor pemicu berupa infiltrasi air berlebihan ke dalam lereng ketika intensitas hujan tinggi. Kecamatan Klego termasuk daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan zona Tipe B, yang terbagi menjadi 3 tingkat, yaitu kawasan dengan tingkat kerawanan tinggi (kemiringan lereng 25% - 40%), tingkat kerawanan sedang (kemiringan lereng 8% - 16%), dan tingkat kerawanan rendah (kemiringan lereng 21% - 31%). Nilai Faktor Keamanan (FK) setelah menggunakan beban tambahan pada 5 titik adalah 1,28-1,22 (Lokasi 1), 1,54-1,49 (Lokasi 2), 0,62-0,61 (Lokasi 3), 5,68-5,71 (Lokasi 4), dan 0,66-0,68 (Lokasi 5). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kondisi lereng di Kecamatan Klego terdiri dari lereng relatif stabil dan labil. Nilai FK yang aman ketika diberikan beban tambahan adalah 1,5. Tidak disarankan memberikan beban yang berlebih di atas lereng dengan FK 1,5. Perlu dilakukan upaya penanggulangan dan pengendalian bahaya gerakan tanah di Kecamatan Klego seperti mengubah geometri lereng, membuat dinding penahan dari batuan dan parit permukaan pada lereng yang tidak stabil, serta perlindungan sistem hidrologi kawasan

Crowdsourced Machine Learning Based Recommender for Software Design Patterns

Software technology has become an essential part of human lives today. The role of software Engineers in making this technology as success is very fundamental. In software Engineering, the toughest stage is to design software as there is no particular rule or formula to covert requirements into design representation. A designer designs software using skills, critical thinking ability and previous experience only. To make this process easy, the design patterns came into existence which are the solutions that can be used repetitively to solve design problems. There have been several pieces of research presented regarding design Patterns but it is hard to find research regarding how the patterns are perceived and used in industries today and what nature of application uses which specific patterns. This paper uses a crowdsourced approach to acquire the finest practices that are being used in industries today including which quality attributes are affected most by the implementation of these patterns and which patterns are suitable for what type of applications. It also uses a machine learning supervised algorithm (Matchbox Recommender) to predict suitable design pattern for different nature of applications

Wear ratio and work surface finish during electrical discharge machining (EDM) with eccentric electrode

Abstract. In the present work the performance of eccentric electrode during EDM has been studied. Material removal rate and tool wear rate increase with increase in spindle speed and feed rate. It was found that higher feed rate increases the wear ratio. Spindle speed values determined the flushing efficiency. A higher spindle speed improves the flushing efficiency and thus improves the surface roughness

Tool wear rate during electrical discharge machining (EDM) with eccentric electrode

Abstract. In this chapter the influence of spindle speed and feed rate on electrode wear rate has been described during EDM with an eccentric electrode. It was found that both spindle speed and feed rate causes increase in electrode wear rate

Mixed plastic wastes Pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor for potential diesel production

Disposing of waste to landfill has becoming undesirable to the legislation pressures, rising costs and the poor biodegradable quality of polymer used. Feasible study on converting mixed plastic wastes by applying catalytic pyrolysis into valuable products had been carried out. Thermogravimetric analysis under various heating rates and particle sizes were determined. A 15 g/h of fluidized bed lab scale of fast pyrolysis unit was used. The pyrolysis processes were carried out at temperature of 400ºC for 2 hours in non-catalytic and catalytic conditions with ratio catalyst to mixed plastic waste of 10:90. The properties of liquid products were analysed and compared using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Under the experimental conditions, the maximum liquid yields with and without catalyst were 20 and 35 ml, respectively. FTIR results revealed that those functional groups detected are similar with commercial diesel together with HPLC results indicating diesel concentration

Optimizing Lifespan and Energy Consumption by Smart Meters in Green-Cloud-Based Smart Grids

Green clouds optimally use energy resources in large-scale distributed computing environments. Large scale industries such as smart grids are adopting green cloud paradigm to optimize energy needs and to maximize lifespan of smart devices such as smart meters. Both, energy consumption and lifespan of smart meters are critical factors in smart grid applications where performance of these factors decreases with each cycle of grid operation such as record reading and dispatching to the edge nodes. Also, considering large-scale infrastructure of smart grid, replacing out-of-energy and faulty meters is not an economical solution. Therefore, to optimize the energy consumption and lifespan of smart meters, we present a knowledge-based usage strategy for smart meters in this paper. Our proposed scheme is novel and generates custom graph of smart meter tuple datasets and fetches the frequency of lifespan and energy consumption factors. Due to very large-scale dataset graphs, the said factors are fine-grained through R3F filter over modified Hungarian algorithm for smart grid repository. After receiving the exact status of usage, the grid places smart meters in logical partitions according to their utilization frequency. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed approach enhances lifespan frequency of 100 smart meters by 72% and optimizes energy consumption at an overall percentile of 21% in the green cloud-based smart grid

Binary Pattern for Nested Cardinality Constraints for Software Product Line of IoT-Based Feature Models

Software product line (SPL) is extensively used for reusability of resources in family of products. Feature modeling is an important technique used to manage common and variable features of SPL in applications, such as Internet of Things (IoT). In order to adopt SPL for application development, organizations require information, such as cost, scope, complexity, number of features, total number of products, and combination of features for each product to start the application development. Application development of IoT is varied in different contexts, such as heat sensor indoor and outdoor environment. Variability management of IoT applications enables to find the cost, scope, and complexity. All possible combinations of features make it easy to find the cost of individual application. However, exact number of all possible products and features combination for each product is more valuable information for an organization to adopt product line. In this paper, we have proposed binary pattern for nested cardinality constraints (BPNCC), which is simple and effective approach to calculate the exact number of products with complex relationships between application's feature models. Furthermore, BPNCC approach identifies the feasible features combinations of each IoT application by tracing the constraint relationship from top-to-bottom. BPNCC is an open source and tool-independent approach that does not hide the internal information of selected and non-selected IoT features. The proposed method is validated by implementing it on small and large IoT application feature models with “n” number of constraints, and it is found that the total number of products and all features combinations in each product without any constraint violation