Catálise Enzimática: Transesterificação do Óleo de Soja e Esterificação do Ácido Oleico via Lipases

Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve o estudo da catálise enzimática em reações de transesterificação do óleo de soja e esterificação do ácido oleico. Foram estudadas as seguintes enzimas: Candida antarctica, Candida rugosa, Candida cylindracea, Hog pancreas, Porcine pancreas, Rhizopus niveus e Pseudomonas fluorescens. Todas as reações foram realizadas com 5,0% do biocatalisador e os rendimentos das reações foram determinados por CG-FID e os resultados expressos em percentagem (%) de conversão de ésteres. Tanto em reações de transesterificação quanto esterificação a lipase de maior eficiência foi a de Candida antarctica resultando em um rendimento na esterificação de 96,5% e na transesterificação o óleo de soja 84,1%. Todas as reações foram analisadas por CG-FID e RMN.Palavras-chave: Biodiesel, biocatálise, bioenergia

Rezultatele testării bolnavilor şi colaboratorilor din secția de hemodializă a SCR la unii markeri ai virusurilor hepatitelor virale В şi C

Summary. It is, that patients and medical staff haemodialysis department are group of risk hepatitis contaminations serum on tokens of a virus hepatitis of 80 patiens (from them 42 - men, and 38 - women) and 29 - medical staff of haemodialysis section was investigated. The results of investigation show, that during the process of haemodialysis the contamination by a virus hepatitis C take place in 81,3% and HBsAg-in 16,3% of cases. A considerable part of them are infected by mixt-infection. Medical staff during their professional work infected with the virus hepatitis C in 20,7% of cases, and by virus hepatitis В in 65,5 % of cases. It is recommended the realization of the non-specific guidelines and also bacterination against the hepatitis В as patients, and medical staff

ANTONIO: Towards a Systematic Method of Generating NLP Benchmarks for Verification

Verification of machine learning models used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is known to be a hard problem. In particular, many known neural network verification methods that work for computer vision and other numeric datasets do not work for NLP. Here, we study technical reasons that underlie this problem. Based on this analysis, we propose practical methods and heuristics for preparing NLP datasets and models in a way that renders them amenable to known verification methods based on abstract interpretation. We implement these methods as a Python library called ANTONIO that links to the neural network verifiers ERAN and Marabou. We perform evaluation of the tool using an NLP dataset R-U-A-Robot suggested as a benchmark for verifying legally critical NLP applications. We hope that, thanks to its general applicability, this work will open novel possibilities for including NLP verification problems into neural network verification competitions, and will popularise NLP problems within this community.Comment: To appear in proceedings of 6th Workshop on Formal Methods for ML-Enabled Autonomous Systems (Affiliated with CAV 2023

Electronic temperatures, densities and plasma X-ray emission of a 14.5 GHz Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source

We have performed a systematic study of the Bremsstrahlung emission from the electrons in the plasma of a commercial 14.5 GHz Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source. The electronic spectral temperature and the product of ionic and electronic densities of the plasma are measured by analyzing the Bremsstrahlung spectra recorded for several rare gases (Ar, Kr, Xe) as a function of the injected power. Within our uncertainty, we find an average temperature of ? 48 keV above 100W, with a weak dependency on the injected power and gas composition. Charge state distributions of extracted ion beams have been determined as well, providing a way to disentangle the ionic density from the electronic density. Moreover X-ray emission from highly charged argon ions in the plasma has been observed with a high-resolution mosaic crystal spectrometer, demonstrating the feasibility for high-precision measurements of transition energies of highly charged ions, in particular of the magnetic dipole (M1) transition of He-like of argon ions

Associations of recreational and non-recreational physical activity with coronary artery calcium density vs. volume and cardiovascular disease events: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

AimsThe benefits of physical activity (PA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well known. However, studies suggest PA is associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a subclinical marker of CVD. In this study, we evaluated the associations of self-reported recreational and non-recreational PA with CAC composition and incident CVD events. Prior studies suggest high CAC density may be protective for CVD events.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 3393 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with prevalent CAC. After adjusting for demographics, the highest quintile of recreational PA was associated with 0.07 (95% confidence interval 0.01-0.13) units greater CAC density but was not associated with CAC volume. In contrast, the highest quintile of non-recreational PA was associated with 0.08 (0.02-0.14) units lower CAC density and a trend toward 0.13 (-0.01 to 0.27) log-units higher CAC volume. There were 520 CVD events over a 13.7-year median follow-up. Recreational PA was associated with lower CVD risk (hazard ratio 0.88, 0.79-0.98, per standard deviation), with an effect size that was not changed with adjustment for CAC composition or across levels of prevalent CAC.ConclusionRecreational PA may be associated with a higher density but not a higher volume of CAC. Non-recreational PA may be associated with lower CAC density, suggesting these forms of PA may not have equivalent associations with this subclinical marker of CVD. While PA may affect the composition of CAC, the associations of PA with CVD risk appear to be independent of CAC

A Strategic Location Model of Stationary Production Units: A Case study in the Albacora Leste field

The imminent interest in issues related to the oil and gas sector has always proved to be a profitable source of investment and research, with incremental gains and innovations in the various sectors of the offshore industry. Particularly in the context of resource localization, the adoption of mathematical models presents itself as a challenging theme. In this context, the research has the purpose of proposing a localization model of Stationary Production Units (SPU) of an oilfield located in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The computational tests were conducted using the Lingo software, based on data from the Albacora Leste field. The results of the proposed model demonstrated a reduction of approximately 12% in the configuration costs, compared to the current location

Extraction-controlled terahertz frequency quantum cascade lasers with a diagonal LO-phonon extraction and injection stage

We report an extraction-controlled terahertz (THz)-frequency quantum cascade laser design in which a diagonal LO-phonon scattering process is used to achieve efficient current injection into the upper laser level of each period and simultaneously extract electrons from the adjacent period. The effects of the diagonality of the radiative transition are investigated, and a design with a scaled oscillator strength of 0.45 is shown experimentally to provide the highest temperature performance. A 3.3 THz device processed into a double-metal waveguide configuration operated up to 123 K in pulsed mode, with a threshold current density of 1.3 kA/cm2 at 10 K. The QCL structures are modeled using an extended density matrix approach, and the large threshold current is attributed to parasitic current paths associated with the upper laser levels. The simplicity of this design makes it an ideal platform to investigate the scattering injection process

Ultrafast Hole Trapping and Relaxation Dynamics in p-Type CuS Nanodisks

CuS nanocrystals are potential materials for developing low-cost solar energy conversion devices. Understanding the underlying dynamics of photoinduced carriers in CuS nanocrystals is essential to improve their performance in these devices. In this work, we investigated the photoinduced hole dynamics in CuS nanodisks (NDs) using the combination of transient optical (OTA) and X-ray (XTA) absorption spectroscopy. OTA results show that the broad transient absorption in the visible region is attributed to the photoinduced hot and trapped holes. The hole trapping process occurs on a subpicosecond time scale, followed by carrier recombination (~100 ps). The nature of the hole trapping sites, revealed by XTA, is characteristic of S or organic ligands on the surface of CuS NDs. These results not only suggest the possibility to control the hole dynamics by tuning the surface chemistry of CuS but also represent the first time observation of hole dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals using XTA

Community mobilisation and empowerment of female sex workers is significantly associated with reduced HIV/STI risk in Karnataka state, south India

What is the impact of community mobilisation as a central component of targeted HIV prevention programmes in India? Research implemented by KHPT and presented in a poster by Tara Beattie, demonstrates how community mobilisation activities built the capacity of female sex workers to manage their vulnerability to HIV. Results showed: Increased levels of collective and individual power, Increased knowledge and uptake of HIV and STI services, Increased condom use with clients and regular partners. This presentation was part of research presented at AIDS 2012 by STRIVE's host group, Social and Mathematical Epidemiology (SaME), LSHTM

Factors Associated with Sexual Violence against Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgendered Individuals in Karnataka, India

There is a lack of information on sexual violence (SV) among men who have sex with men and transgendered individuals (MSM-T) in southern India. As SV has been associated with HIV vulnerability, this study examined health related behaviours and practices associated with SV among MSM-T.Data were from cross-sectional surveys from four districts in Karnataka, India.Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine factors related to SV. Multivariable negative binomial regression models examined the association between physician visits and SV.A total of 543 MSM-T were included in the study. Prevalence of SV was 18% in the past year. HIV prevalence among those reporting SV was 20%, compared to 12% among those not reporting SV (p = .104). In multivariable models, and among sex workers, those reporting SV were more likely to report anal sex with 5+ casual sex partners in the past week (AOR: 4.1; 95%CI: 1.2-14.3, p = .029). Increased physician visits among those reporting SV was reported only for those involved in sex work (ARR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1-2.7, p = .012).These results demonstrate high levels of SV among MSM-T populations, highlighting the importance of integrating interventions to reduce violence as part of HIV prevention programs and health services