910 research outputs found
Aging enhances contraction to thromboxane A2 in aorta from female senescence mice
The time-course for aging-associated effects on vascular reactivity to U46619, a stable analogue of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), was studied in aorta from female senescence-accelerated mice-prone (SAMP8), a murine model of accelerated senescence. SAMP8 and senescence-accelerated mice-resistant (SAMR1) were divided into three groups: 3-, 6- and 10-month-old. Contractile curves to U46619 (10−9 to 10−6 M) were performed in aortic rings in the absence or in the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10−4 M) and/or cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (10−5 M). Protein and gene expression for COX-1 and COX-2 were determined by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR, respectively. Maximal contraction to U46619 was markedly higher in SAMP8 at all ages. In SAMR1, increases were seen at 10 months, while SAMP8 displays augmented contraction at 6 months, which was further increased at 10 months. L-NAME enhanced U46619 contractions in both 6-month-old groups, although the increase was higher on vessels from SAMR1 at this age. Indomethacin equally increased U46619 contractions in both 3-month-old groups, suggesting the production of vasodilator prostaglandin in young animals. In contrast, at 6 and 10 months indomethacin decreased U46619 contractions in both groups, indicating an aging-associated swap to a release of contractile prostanoids in aorta. In conclusion, aging enhances contractile responses to TXA2 in aorta from female mice by a mechanism involving a decrease of NO production and increased action of contractile prostanoids. This process occurs earlier in SAMP8 mice, establishing these mice as good model to study cardiovascular aging in a convenient and standard time-course
Sistemas de protección individual anticaídas sometidos a impacto. Simulaciones numéricas
Personal fall protection systems are set up by EN-363 to avoid or retain people falls safely (without relevant damages). They are the ultimate resource to prevent a fall after other measures being considered. This paper analyses the variables affecting the system behaviour: free fall height, length of retaining rope, stiffness and damping of retaining material, and worker weight. To this end, fall phenomenon has been simulated with finite elements dynamic models with an elastic rope and a rigid ballast. It allows obtain likely values of maximum forces on the injured and over the system during the impact. Results demonstrate the fundamental role of height fall vs. rope length rate (fall factor), which results more important than the fall height itself. The severe values obtained for maximum forces show that future research would include elastoplastic energy absorbers to decrease impact until reasonable values.Los sistemas anticaída se establecen en UNE-EN-363 para evitar o retener caídas de personas sin que las fuerzas de retención causen daños relevantes. Constituyen el último recurso para prevención de caídas tras considerar otras medidas. Este artículo analiza las variables que afectan al comportamiento del sistema: altura de caída, longitud de cuerda de retención, rigidez y amortiguamiento del material de retención, y peso del operario. A tal fin, el fenómeno ha sido simulado con modelos dinámicos de elementos finitos mediante una cuerda elástica y un lastre rígido. Ello permite obtener valores verosímiles de las máximas fuerzas sobre el accidentado y el sistema durante el impacto. Los resultados demuestran el papel fundamental de la proporción entre altura de caída y longitud de cuerda (factor de caída), más determinante que la propia altura de caída. Las elevadas fuerzas máximas obtenidas indican la necesidad de incluir en el modelo absorbedores de energía elastoplásticos, en futuras investigaciones, con el fin de disminuir el impacto a valores razonables
Las redes verticales de seguridad en la construcción de edificios. II
The first part of this paper (2) analyzed the behaviour of the spanish vertical safety net system, in view of the results of some previous experiments and predictions of a simplified mathematical model. From the first provisional conclussions there included, the subsequent research lines were suggested, whose results are included in this part: 1st.) The execution of experimental tests with instrumented safety devices to confirm and to precise the preliminar conclussions, and to calibrate a more complex mathematical model. 2nd.) The development of a numerical model able to implement the most important features of this safety system behaviour, and to come up a design tool. These conclussions will allow to perform a safe and adjusted design for this vertical safety net system, and probably for other similar ones.En la primera parte de este artículo (2) se analizó el funcionamiento del sistema español de redes verticales de seguridad a la luz de algunos ensayos previos y de un modelo matemático simplificado, que permitieron apreciar algunos defectos de diseño y establecer su corrección provisional. De las conclusiones iniciales sobre el diseño de estos dispositivos recogidas en la primera parte se dedujeron los pasos siguientes que deberían darse y que son recogidos en el presente artículo: 1ª) La realización de ensayos experimentales con instrumentación de estos dispositivos de seguridad, para confirmar y precisar las conclusiones del modelo simplificado propuesto entonces y para calibración de un modelo matemático más sofisticado. 2ª) El desarrollo de un modelo numérico que incorporase los aspectos más importantes del comportamiento del sistema y fuese capaz de convertirse en herramienta de diseño. Todo esto permitirá realizar un diseño seguro y ajustado para el sistema de redes verticales y, seguramente, para otros sistemas de seguridad
Análisis de la relevancia y factibilidad de indicadores de calidad en las unidades de nutrición
Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad en las actividades
sanitarias exige la elección de unos indicadores
acordes con los resultados que queremos medir. De todos
los posibles, debemos priorizar aquellos que nos permitan
obtener la información más relevante sin sobrecargar el
trabajo habitual de nuestras Unidades.
Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los socios de SENPE
respecto a la relevancia y la viabilidad del uso de una
selección de indicadores de calidad para su aplicación en
nutrición clínica.
Métodos: Encuesta remitida mediante correo electrónico
a los socios de SENPE solicitando a los mismos su
opinión sobre 12 indicadores de calidad, valorándose
cada uno en cuanto a su relevancia y factibilidad de la
aplicación en su medio.
Resultados: Contestaron 40 encuestados de 40 centros
diferentes de 12 comunidades autónomas. En general, los
indicadores fueron considerados más relevantes que factibles.
Los indicadores mejor puntuados fueron: “identificación
en las bolsas de nutrición artificial”, “posición
semi-incorporada del paciente con nutrición enteral por
sonda nasogástrica” y “protocolos clínicos básicos”. Considerando
los indicadores por grupos (de estructura, proceso
o resultado) los mejor valorados fueron: “identificación
del paciente en las bolsas de nutrición artificial”
(estructura), “posición semi-incorporada” y “protocolos
clínicos básicos” (proceso), y “cumplimiento del objetivo
calórico” (resultado).
Conclusión: Los resultados de la encuesta permiten
seleccionar indicadores prioritarios para su aplicación en
las Unidades de NutriciónIntroduction: The quality assessment in health activities
requires the choice of indicators in line with the
results we want to measure. Of all possible, we should prioritize
those that allow us to obtain the most relevant
information without overloading the regular work of our
units.
Objective: To determine the opinion of the members of
SENPE regarding the relevance and feasibility of using a
selection of quality indicators designed for use in clinical
nutrition.
Methods: E-mail survey sent to members of SENPE
asking them their views on 12 quality indicators, evaluating
each in terms of their relevance and feasibility of
implementation in their environment.
Results: 40 respondents answered from 40 centers in 12
different regions. In general, the indicators were considered
more relevant than feasible. The indicators best
rated were: “identification in artificial nutrition bags,
“semi-recumbent position in patient with nasogastric
tube feeding” and “basic clinical protocols”. Considering
the type of indicator: “patient identification in the bags of
artificial nutrition (structure),” a semi-incorporated
“and” basic clinical protocols (process), and “fulfillment
of the caloric goal” (result).
Conclusion: The results of the survey can make a selection
of indicators that could be considered for first-line
introduction in a Nutrition Uni
Home enteral nutrition in Spain: NADYA registry 2010
Objetivos: Describir los resultados del registro de
nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED) del grupo NADYASENPE
del año 2010.
Material y métodos: Se recopilaron los datos introducidos
en el registro desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de
2010.
Resultados: Se registraron 6.591 pacientes (51% varones)
con 6.688 episodios de NED, procedentes de 32 hospitales.
La edad media en los menores de 14 años (4%) fue
de 1 ± 2 años (m ± DS) y de 69,9 ± 17,8 en los mayores de
14 años. El 76% de los pacientes recibieron la NED por un
tiempo superior a 2 años. La patología más prevalente fue
la neurológica 42%, seguida de la neoplasia 28% (en su
mayoría cáncer de cabeza y cuello 18%). La información
referente a la vía de acceso sólo se recogió en 626 casos
(9,4%), el 51% de los pacientes utilizaron sonda nasogástrica,
27% gastrostomías, 10% vía oral y 3% yeyunostomías.
Sólo 251 episodios finalizaron a lo largo del año,
siendo el motivo más frecuente el fallecimiento del
paciente en el 57% de los casos y el paso a la alimentación
oral en el 14%. El 29% de los pacientes presentaban una
actividad limitada y el 39% estaba confinado en cama/
sillón. El 68% de los adultos requerían ayuda total o parcial.
El suministro del producto se realizó desde el hospital
o la farmacia de referencia en el 63% y 34%, respectivamente.
El suministro del material fungible se realizó
desde el hospital o atención primaria en el 83% y 16%,
respectivamente.
Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en el registro
de NED del año 2010 muestran características muy similares
a las recogidas en los años previos en cuanto al
número y características de los pacientes registrados.
Seguimos encontrando problemas en la recogida de datos
relativos a la vía de acceso y finalización de los episodiosObjective: To describe the results of the home enteral
nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group in
2010.
Material and methods: We retrieved the data of the
patients recorded from January 1st to December 31st
2010.
Results: We registered 6,591 patients (51% males) with
6,688 episodes of HEN, from 32 hospitals. Mean age in
those younger than 14 yr (4%) was 1 ± 2 yrs (m ± SD) and
69,9 ± 17,8 yrs in those older than 14 yr. The length of
HEN was longer than 2 yrs in 76% of the patients. The
most frequent underlying disease was neurological disorders
42%, followed by cancer 28% (mostly head and neck
cancer 18%). We had information related to the enteral
access route in only 626 cases (9,4%), 51% of them used
nasogastric tubes, 27% gastrostomies, 10% oral route
and 3% jejunostomies. Only 251 episodes were closed
during the year, mostly due to patient death 57% and
progress to oral diet 14%. The activity level was limited in
29% of the patients and 39% of them were bed- or chairridden.
Total or partial help was needed by 68% of the
patients. The hospitals and the private pharmacies delivered
the enteral formula in 63% and 34% of the cases,
respectively. The hospitals and the primary care centres
delivered the disposables in 83% and16% of the cases,
respectively.
Conclusions: The results of the 2010 HEN registry are
similar to those published in previous years regarding the
number and characteristics of the patients. We continue
finding problems in the entrance of data referred to the
enteral access route and the closing of the episode
Calidad de vida y sus factores determinantes en universitarios españoles de Ciencias de la Salud
La calidad de vida en la población universitaria
adquiere una especial importancia ya que permite
obtener información sobre las condiciones de vida
de los universitarios y, sobre todo, de cómo éstos las perciben.
Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de los universitarios
que cursan estudios en ciencias de la salud y su
relación con diferentes factores tales como: hábitos de
vida, parámetros antropométricos y la influencia de las
distintas variables sobre su percepción.
Material y Método: Estudio transversal de una muestra
de 1.753 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de nueve
universidades españolas con diseño muestral aleatorio y
estatrificado según curso y facultad al que se le aplicó
un cuestionaro ad hoc que recogía todas las variables a
estudio.
Resultados: La calidad de vida percibida por los participantes
fue Me = 75. Los factores explorados de la calidad
de vida se co-relacionaron significativamente con la
percepción global de calidad de vida de los estudiantes
(p<0,001). Se establecieron 3 dimensiones y el impacto de
cada una de ellas sobre la percepción de calidad de vida
global fue p<0,001. Los varones percibieron mejor calidad
de vida que las mujeres y también los estudiantes con
menor Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC).
Conclusión: Los universitarios son una población clave
para realizar actividades de promoción y prevención
de la salud por lo que resulta necesario crear mejores infraestucturas
y recursos educativos para mejorar la CV y
fomentar hábitos y estilos de vida saludable con especial
atención en la alimentación y la realización de una adecuada
actividad física.Abstract
Introduction: The quality of life of university students
acquires special importance because it provides information
about their life conditions and especially how they
perceive it.
Objetive: Evaluate the quality of life of students who
are enrolled in health science studies and its relation with
the following diverse factors: life and dietetic habits, anthropometric
parameters and the influence of distinct
variables on their perception.
Methods: Transversal study of a sample of 1753 health
science degree students of nine Spanish universities with
a randomized design and stratified by course and faculty
for which we applied an ad hoc questionnaire that considered
all study variables.
Results: The quality of life (QoL) perceived by the
participants had a Median of 75. The factors that were
explored about the quality of life correlated significantly
with their global perception of it (p<0.001). Three dimensions
were established and the impact of each one of them
on their global perception of QoL was p<0.001. Men perceived
better QoL then women and the students with lower
Body Mass Index (BMI).
Conclusions: University students are a key population
for realizing health promotion and prevention activities
therefore it is necessary to develop and provide better
infrastructures and educative resources in order to enhance
their QoL and to promote healthier habits and life
styles with special attention on dietetics habits and the
performance of an adequate physical activity
Shower development of particles with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the CALICE scintillator-tungsten hadronic calorimeter
We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and
protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE
scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at
the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements
of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of
the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower
development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4
simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include
previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at
the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, 8 table
Matched sizes of activating and inhibitory receptor/ligand pairs are required for optimal signal integration by human Natural Killer cells
It has been suggested that receptor-ligand complexes segregate or co-localise within immune synapses according to their size, and this is important for receptor signaling. Here, we set out to test the importance of receptor-ligand complex dimensions for immune surveillance of target cells by human Natural Killer (NK) cells. NK cell activation is regulated by integrating signals from activating receptors, such as NKG2D, and inhibitory receptors, such as KIR2DL1. Elongating the NKG2D ligand MICA reduced its ability to trigger NK cell activation. Conversely, elongation of KIR2DL1 ligand HLA-C reduced its ability to inhibit NK cells. Whereas normal-sized HLA-C was most effective at inhibiting activation by normal-length MICA, only elongated HLA-C could inhibit activation by elongated MICA. Moreover, HLA-C and MICA that were matched in size co-localised, whereas HLA-C and MICA that were different in size were segregated. These results demonstrate that receptor-ligand dimensions are important in NK cell recognition, and suggest that optimal integration of activating and inhibitory receptor signals requires the receptor-ligand complexes to have similar dimensions
DQM4HEP - A Generic Online Monitor for Particle Physics Experiments
There is currently a lot of activity in R&D for future collider experiments. Multiple detector prototypes are being tested, each one with slightly different requirements regarding the format of the data to be analysed. This has generated a variety of ad-hoc solutions for data acquisition and online data monitoring. We present a generic C++11 online monitoring framework called DQM4HEP, which is designed for use as a generic online monitor for particle physics experiments, ranging from small tabletop experiments to large multi-detector testbeams, such as those currently ongoing/planned at the DESY II or CERN SPS beamlines. We present results obtained using DQM4HEP at several testbeams where the CALICE AHCAL, SDHCAL and SiWECAL detector prototypes have been tested. During these testbeams, online analysis using DQM4HEP's framework has been developed and used. We also present the currently ongoing work to integrate DQM4HEP within the EUDAQ tool. EUDAQ is a tool for common and generic data acquisition within the AIDA-2020 collaboration. This will allow these two frameworks to work together as a generic and complete DAQ and monitoring system for any type of detector prototype tested on beam tests, which is one of the goals of the AIDA-2020 project
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