Providing a Periodic Control Solution for Balance Control While Standing Using a Pendulum-Based Approach

The stability of standing in humans is a complex process that leads to maintaining the upright position against external disturbances. Balance control during standing is of vital importance for humans in daily life. An issue that is still not clearly understood is which control mechanism the central nervous system uses to maintain stability. In the rehabilitation of standing function, the coordination pattern between the angles of the leg joint of a healthy person should be restored. For example, one of the rehabilitation methods is functional electrical stimulation. In the work that was mainly done in the control of standing balance with functional electrical stimulation, the problem of the optimal pattern using the phase space was not mentioned at all, and a series of predetermined desired curves were assigned to the joints, and the controller only used these curves. followed, while the origin of these curves are not real patterns. Therefore, the main goal of this project is to design a periodic controller based on phase space. In such a way that a mapping related to standing is detected first, then a feedback controller is designed so that it is activated only when the system state space curves find a significant distance from the detected mapping, then the feedback controller is activated, and it adjusts the control signal so that the system state space curves come close to the detected mapping

Comparative Analysis of Segment Anything Model and U-Net for Breast Tumor Detection in Ultrasound and Mammography Images

In this study, the main objective is to develop an algorithm capable of identifying and delineating tumor regions in breast ultrasound (BUS) and mammographic images. The technique employs two advanced deep learning architectures, namely U-Net and pretrained SAM, for tumor segmentation. The U-Net model is specifically designed for medical image segmentation and leverages its deep convolutional neural network framework to extract meaningful features from input images. On the other hand, the pretrained SAM architecture incorporates a mechanism to capture spatial dependencies and generate segmentation results. Evaluation is conducted on a diverse dataset containing annotated tumor regions in BUS and mammographic images, covering both benign and malignant tumors. This dataset enables a comprehensive assessment of the algorithm's performance across different tumor types. Results demonstrate that the U-Net model outperforms the pretrained SAM architecture in accurately identifying and segmenting tumor regions in both BUS and mammographic images. The U-Net exhibits superior performance in challenging cases involving irregular shapes, indistinct boundaries, and high tumor heterogeneity. In contrast, the pretrained SAM architecture exhibits limitations in accurately identifying tumor areas, particularly for malignant tumors and objects with weak boundaries or complex shapes. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate deep learning architectures tailored for medical image segmentation. The U-Net model showcases its potential as a robust and accurate tool for tumor detection, while the pretrained SAM architecture suggests the need for further improvements to enhance segmentation performance

Comparison of volume-controlled and pressure-controlled ventilation during laryngeal mask airway anesthesia in cataract surgery

Introduction: Most patients undergoing eye surgery are elderly adults with underlying cardiovascular diseases. One of the complications during recovery is gastric insufflation, which can cause detrimental effects on cardiovascular patients. The present study compares two methods of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Methods: The study enrolled 81 patients undergoing cataract surgery (41 in the PCV group and 40 in the VCV group). According to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classes I and II received general anaesthesia and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ventilation using VCV or PCV. Maximum pressure (Ppeak), dynamic compliance, expiratory tidal volume, Spo2, non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, and pain in the epigastrium and umbilical region were monitored at intervals of 1, 5, 10, and 20 minutes after the initiation of anaesthesia and the results of two groups were compared. Results: The means of Ppeak and tidal volume in the PCV group as well as the means of dynamic compliance and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) in the VCV group were significantly high. The mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly different between two groups at 20th minute. There were no significant differences in heart rate, mean systolic blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, or abdominal pain between two study groups. Conclusion: VCV had a lower Ppeak and a higher dynamic compliance, but PCV had a larger tidal volume and lower EtCO2. There were no differences in terms of abdominal and umbilicus pain, as well as hemodynamic parameters, between two groups

Review of the effect cultural capital and subjective socioeconomic status on life satisfaction in Iran: the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle and the moderating role of ethnicity

Abstract Introduction Health-promoting lifestyle can leads to improving the quality of life, life satisfaction, well-being and reducing the burden of health care in the society. This study was carried out to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle and moderating role of ethnicity in the effect of cultural capital and subjective socioeconomic status on life satisfaction in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 800 respondents in the cities of Kermanshah with Kurdish ethnicity and Tabriz with Azeri ethnicity. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire in five section including demographic checklist, cultural capital questionnaire (2015),Diener’s life satisfaction scale, and health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLP II), and socioeconomic status scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. Results Life satisfaction had the highest correlation with the objective dimension of cultural capital (p  0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that paying attention to the concept of health-promoting lifestyle is a necessity to affect life satisfaction. It can play a role as a mediator for the path of cultural capital and socio-economic status on life satisfaction. This study also showed the role of ethnicity as a moderating variable in the relationship between socio-economic status and health-promoting lifestyle

Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum and exogenous MeJA on fenugreek secondary metabolite production under water deficit

Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) is a leguminous plant that produces secondary metabolites frequently used in medicinal and food preparation. Here, the role of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculum, alone or in combination with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) chemical treatment, was evaluated on the production of trigonelline and diosgenin in fenugreek plants grown under mild water limitation. After inoculation, fenugreek plants were subjected to several combined treatments, i.e. well-watered (NS) and water-stressed (WS), both treated with different MeJA concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 mL/L). At the end of the experiment, in addition to trigonelline and diosgenin content, an array of plant growth parameters (i.e. fruit, stem and root dry weights, fruit number) and biochemical stress markers (i.e. proline, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, MDA) were examined. Results mainly showed a significant increase in production of the considered secondary metabolites, although they are differentially influenced by the individual factors (Stress, SYM, MeJA) and their interactions. SYM treatment was more effective on the production of trigonelline, independently from growth conditions, while diosgenin biosynthesis was influenced by the presence of root symbioses only in combination with MeJA treatment. A differential impact, depending on the applied treatment (inoculum, MeJA treatments, water deficit), on plant growth and on production of the considered bioactive molecules was revealed, providing new information on the effect of biological and chemical priming treatments

Effect of YAG content on creep resistance and mechanical properties of Al2O3-YAG composite

Comprehensive study on effect of YAG amount on densification, creep resistance and room-temperature mechanical properties of Al2O3-YAG composite pressureless sintered at 1600 degrees C was conducted. The main goal was to optimize the amount of YAG in order to fabricate a composite with improved creep resistance and sufficiently good room-temperature mechanical properties. The composite was made by mixing a commercially available Al2O3 powder with fine YAG powder obtained by glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis starting from aluminum nitrate and yttrium nitrate. Increased driving force for sintering of fine YAG powder allowed fabrication of dense Al2O3-YAG composite with up to 30 vol% YAG. The presence of YAG was found to be very effective in improving creep resistance of Al2O3-YAG composite. Large Y3+ ions blocked diffusion along Al2O3 grain boundaries, reduced diffusivity and therefore enhanced creep resistance of Al2O3-YAG composite which continuously increased as the YAG amount increased. The presence of YAG was also found to improve mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus. The improvement of these properties was ascribed to increased density of Al(2)O(3)YAG composites owing to high sintering activity of YAG powder. While fracture strength of the composite can be as high as that of monolithic Al2O3, fracture toughness of composite decreased continuously as the YAG content increased. The decrease was ascribed to transgranular fracture of both YAG and Al2O3 grains in samples containing larger amounts of YAG. The proper balance between fracture toughness and creep resistance was found in composite containing 18 vol% YAG which had considerably improved creep resistance accompanied by a relatively small decrease in fracture toughness