11 research outputs found
From theoretical concepts to policies and applied programmes: the landscape of integration of oral health in primary care
Background: Despite its importance, the integration of oral health into primary care is still an emerging practice in
the field of health care services. This scoping review aims to map the literature and provide a summary on the
conceptual frameworks, policies and programs related to this concept.
Methods: Using the Levac et al. six-stage framework, we performed a systematic search of electronic databases,
organizational websites and grey literature from 1978 to April 2016. All relevant original publications with a focus
on the integration of oral health into primary care were retrieved. Content analyses were performed to synthesize
the results.
Results: From a total of 1619 citations, 67 publications were included in the review. Two conceptual
frameworks were identified. Policies regarding oral heath integration into primary care were mostly oriented
toward common risk factors approach and care coordination processes. In general, oral health integrated care
programs were designed in the public health sector and based on partnerships with various private and
public health organizations, governmental bodies and academic institutions. These programmes used various
strategies to empower oral health integrated care, including building interdisciplinary networks, training nondental
care providers, oral health champion modelling, enabling care linkages and care coordinated process,
as well as the use of e-health technologies. The majority of studies on the programs outcomes were
descriptive in nature without reporting long-term outcomes.
Conclusions: This scoping review provided a comprehensive overview on the concept of integration of oral
health in primary care. The findings identified major gaps in reported programs outcomes mainly because of
the lack of related research. However, the results could be considered as a first step in the development of
health care policies that support collaborative practices and patient-centred care in the field of primary care
sector
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of calcium
<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to re-evaluate the safety in use of calcium. The Panel was requested to consider if the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for calcium established by the SCF in 2003 (2,500 mg/day for adults, including pregnant and lactating women), which was based on different intervention studies of long duration in which total daily calcium intakes of 2,500 mg from both diet and supplements were tolerated without adverse effects, needed to be changed on the basis of new available evidence. A number of placebo controlled human intervention studies in adults published since then also showed that total daily calcium intakes of 2,500 mg from both diet and supplements are tolerated without adverse effects. The Panel considers that no relationship has been established between long-term calcium intakes from diet and supplements and increased risk of nephrolithiasis, cardiovascular disease or prostate cancer. No new data have become available which would require a revision of the UL for calcium for adults, including pregnant and lactating women, of 2,500 mg. No new data have become available which would allow the setting of a UL for infants, children or adolescents. Data from European populations indicate that intakes of calcium in high consumers among adult males can be close to the UL. Although available data do not allow the setting of a UL for infants, children or adolescents, no risk has been identified with highest current levels of calcium intake in these age groups.</p>