エージェントシミュレーションによる現実社会のモデル化アプローチ

Open House, ISM in Tachikawa, 2011.7.14統計数理研究所オープンハウス（立川）、H23.7.14ポスター発

Agricultural and urban land use policies to manage human–wildlife conflicts

Human–wildlife conflicts occur in residential areas, causing human injuries and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Governments have implemented policies, such as extermination, and construction of animal deterrent fences. When wildlife has a high biological value, we face a trade-off between the benefits of wildlife conservation and human safety. This study proposes a new policy of growing crops preferred by wildlife, rather than crops for human consumption, in part of the farmland, thereby attracting wildlife to the converted field and preventing them from entering residential areas. Using an ecosystem-urban economics model, we compare multiple policies including the conversion policy in terms of social welfare, and show that, regardless of the wildlife value, the crop conversion policy can be the most efficient, and fences with land use regulation is the second most efficient policy. On the other hand, the commonly-used policy of extermination is not so effective because exterminating wildlife with a high biological value significantly reduces social welfare.Human–wildlife conflicts occur in residential areas, causing human injuries and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Governments have implemented policies, such as extermination, and construction of animal deterrent fences. When wildlife has a high biological value, we face a trade-off between the benefits of wildlife conservation and human safety. This study proposes a new policy of growing crops preferred by wildlife, rather than crops for human consumption, in part of the farmland, thereby attracting wildlife to the converted field and preventing them from entering residential areas. Using an ecosystem-urban economics model, we compare multiple policies including the conversion policy in terms of social welfare, and show that, regardless of the wildlife value, the crop conversion policy can be the most efficient, and fences with land use regulation is the second most efficient policy. On the other hand, the commonly-used policy of extermination is not so effective because exterminating wildlife with a high biological value significantly reduces social welfare

政策実施による影響予測と政策比較評価ーエージェントシミュレーションによるミクロ分析ー

平成21年度研究報告会、統計数理研究所(広尾）、H22.3.18-19ポスター発

ビョウイン カンゴシ ヲ タイショウ ト シタ ショクギョウ ト シテノ カンゴ ノ ミリョク ニ カンスル シツモンシ チョウサ

少子高齢社会における看護提供体制を維持するためには、看護職の就業継続が不可欠である。看護師がいきいきと働き続けられる方策を検討するため、看護師の認識する職業としての看護の魅力に関する質問紙を作成し、2019年12月から2020年2月にかけて、近畿圏内3病院に勤務する看護師393人を対象に、無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した。質問項目は「看護師が魅力を感じた看護実践場面」と「看護師の職業的魅力」に関する計40項目であり、6段階のリッカート尺度にて回答を求めた。分析対象は267件で、対象者の平均年齢は39.0±11.9 歳、平均経験年数は14.2±10.4 年であった。「患者回復に役立つ実感をもてたとき」「患者に心動かされる体験をしたとき」や「患者の不意の笑顔をみたとき」など、多くの看護実践場面で看護師は魅力を感じていた。また、看護師の職業的魅力についても「他職種と協働する」「知識・技術が深まる」ことを魅力として認識していた。In an aging society with a declining birth rate, it is essential to maintain the nursing service provision system by preventing nurses from leaving the nursing profession. To examine the measures of enabling nurses to work with vigor and enthusiasm and continue in the nursing profession, we decided to design a questionnaire regarding nurses’ perceptions of the attractiveness of nursing as a profession. The respondents of the anonymous, self-administered survey from December 2019 to February 2020 included 393 nurses working at three hospitals in Osaka. The questionnaire included a total of 40-item questions related to “Practical Nursing Situations that Attracted Nurses” and “Professional Attractiveness of Nurses,” which were answered by the nurse respondents on a 6-point Likert scale. The mean age of the respondents was 39.0 ± 11.9 years old, and the mean year of experience was 14.2 ± 10.4 years. It was found out that nurses felt attracted to nursing as a profession in many nursing practice situations such as “when they felt they helped patients recover,” “when they were moved by what patients said or did,” and “when they saw patients smile.” Furthermore, it was also found out that they were recognized “being able to collaborate with other professions” and “improving their own knowledge and skills” as an attractiveness of nursing as a profession.原著論文Original Article

Expression and subcellular localisation of AID and APOBEC3 in adenoid and palatine tonsils

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (A3) family are cytidine deaminases that play critical roles in B-cell maturation, antiviral immunity and carcinogenesis. Adenoids and palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid immune organs, in which AID and A3s are thought to have several physiological or pathological roles. However, the expression of AID or A3s in these organs has not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the expression profiles of AID and A3s, using 67 samples of adenoids and palatine tonsils from patients, with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical analyses. AID and A3s expression levels in the adenoids and the palatine tonsils of the same individual significantly correlated with each other. Of note, AID expression level in the adenoids negatively correlated with the age (r = −0.373, P = 0.003). The younger group with adenoid vegetation and tonsillar hypertrophy showed more abundant AID expression than the older group with recurrent tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscesses (P = 0.026). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the distribution of AID and A3s in the epithelial cells as well as germinal centres. The localisation of AID expression and its relation to age may contribute to adenoid vegetation and inflammation.Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology B23390396,A2468906

Exome-wide association study to identify rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes : Results from the Host Genetics Initiative

Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2022 Butler-Laporte et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Host genetics is a key determinant of COVID-19 outcomes. Previously, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study used common variants to identify multiple loci associated with COVID-19 outcomes. However, variants with the largest impact on COVID-19 outcomes are expected to be rare in the population. Hence, studying rare variants may provide additional insights into disease susceptibility and pathogenesis, thereby informing therapeutics development. Here, we combined whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing from 21 cohorts across 12 countries and performed rare variant exome-wide burden analyses for COVID-19 outcomes. In an analysis of 5,085 severe disease cases and 571,737 controls, we observed that carrying a rare deleterious variant in the SARS-CoV-2 sensor toll-like receptor TLR7 (on chromosome X) was associated with a 5.3-fold increase in severe disease (95% CI: 2.75–10.05, p = 5.41x10-7). This association was consistent across sexes. These results further support TLR7 as a genetic determinant of severe disease and suggest that larger studies on rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes could provide additional insights.Peer reviewe

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts