Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) recombinant viral protein 1 (VP1) and VP2-Flagellin fusion protein elicit distinct expression profiles of cytokines involved in type 1, type 2, and regulatory T cell response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Acknowledgments This work was funded by Project MRN02625X-1 of United Kingdom-Chile, under the Newton Fund RCUK-CONICYT Research Partnerships call. Fondecyt Project 1201664.Peer reviewedPostprin

Behavioral Fever Drives Epigenetic Modulation of the Immune Response in Fish

Ectotherms choose the best thermal conditions to mount a successful immune response, a phenomenon known as behavioral fever. The cumulative evidence suggests that behavioral fever impacts positively upon lymphocyte proliferation, inflammatory cytokine expression, and other immune functions. In this study, we have explored how thermal choice during infection impacts upon underpinning molecular processes and how temperature increase is coupled to the immune response. Our results show that behavioral fever results in a widespread, plastic imprint on gene regulation, and lymphocyte proliferation. We further explored the possible contribution of histone modification and identified global associations between temperature and histone changes that suggest epigenetic remodeling as a result of behavioral fever. Together, these results highlight the critical importance of thermal choice in mobile ectotherms, particularly in response to an infection, and demonstrate the key role of epigenetic modification to orchestrate the thermocoupling of the immune response during behavioral fever

Vigilancia inmune y cáncer: el arduo camino para llegar a ser terapia

La inmunoterapia contra el cáncer se ha posicionado como un procedimiento que demuestra progresivamente mejores resultados terapéuticos. A lo largo de su historia, observamos una serie de traspiés y aciertos que circundan el desarrollo de esta tecnología. El avance tecnológico ha permitido que, en la actualidad, podamos desarrollar terapias especí cas capaces de modular el sistema inmune para inducir respuestas antitumorales efectivas. Este tipo de terapia ha implicado, sin duda, una revolución de importante magnitud en medicina. De aquí se comprende, por ejemplo, que en los Premios Nobel de Química y de Medicina 2018 se crucen investigaciones que aportan al desarrollo de anticuerpos humanizados para el tratamiento del cáncer. La presente contribución ofrece una mirada panorámica y simpli cada sobre algunos hitos importantes en el desarrollo de las ciencias, que han llevado al avance de lo que hoy conocemos como inmunoterapia contra el cáncer, así como de sus últimos hallazgos, para así, brindar un pequeño reconocimiento a quienes a lo largo de la historia han contribuido a estos avances. Palabras claves: Inmunoterapia; Cáncer; Terapia; Anticuerpos; Tecnología

Evaluación de la actividad bactericida de metabolitos secundarios aislados desde especies del género Heliotropium contra Piscirickettsia salmonis

La bacteria intracelular Piscirickettsia salmonis es el patógeno de mayor incidencia en la industria salmonera chilena siendo responsable de un 50% de las pérdidas en los últimos años. Hasta ahora no hay tratamientos efectivos para este patógeno que permitan controlar las infecciones provocadas por él debido a la aparición de resistencia a antibióticos. Por lo tanto, resulta de gran importancia investigar para encontrar terapias antibacterianas efectivas. En este trabajo nosotros evaluamos la actividad bactericida in vitro de flavonoides y derivados aromáticos geranilados aislados desde el exudado resinoso de las especies vegetales Heliotropium filifolium, H. sinuatum y H. huascoense. Los resultados mostraron que los compuestos Filifolinona, Naringenina y 3-O-metilgalangina provocan diferentes porcentajes de mortalidad de la bacteria y, por lo tanto, son candidatos para seguir siendo evaluados tanto in vitro como in vivo

Interleukin (IL)-2 Is a Key Regulator of T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cytokine Expression in Fish : Functional Characterization of Two Divergent IL2 Paralogs in Salmonids

This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, BB/N024052/1) under the Newton Fund RCUK-CONICYT Research Partnerships call. YH was supported by a PhD Studentship from the Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan). EW was supported financially by the Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University Grant Year 2018. FL was supported by a Newton International Fellowship funded by the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK (AMS, NIF004\1036). ML and QX were supported financially by the National Scholarship Council of China. This work was partially supported financially by European Commission contract No. 311993 (TargetFish).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Dietary Inclusion of Hydrolyzed Debaryomyces hansenii Yeasts Modulates Physiological Responses in Plasma and Immune Organs of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr Exposed to Acute Hypoxia Stress

publishedVersio

Identification of the N-terminal Peptide Binding Site of Glucose-regulated Protein 94

Because the stress protein GRP94 can augment presentation of peptides to T cells, it is important to define how it, as well as all other HSP90 family members, binds peptides. Having previously shown that the N-terminal half of GRP94 can account for the peptide binding activity of the full-length protein, we now locate this binding site by testing predictions of a molecular docking model. The best predicted site was on the opposite face of the β sheet from the pan-HSP90 radicicol-binding pocket, in close proximity to a deep hydrophobic pocket. The peptide and radicicol-binding sites are distinct, as shown by the ability of a radicicol-refractive mutant to bind peptide. When the fluorophore acrylodan is attached to Cys(117)within the hydrophobic pocket, its fluorescence is reduced upon peptide binding, consistent with proximity of the two ligands. Substitution of His(125), which contacts the bound peptide, compromises peptide-binding activity. We conclude that peptide binds to the concave face of the β sheet of the N-terminal domain, where binding is regulated during the action cycle of the chaperone