THREATS AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS OF THE LAST REMAINING BANTENG (Bos javanicus lowi) IN UNPROTECTED AREAS AT BELANTIKAN HULU, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

Bornean banteng is classified as endangered and found only in Borneo island. The existence of a wild population of Bornean Banteng in Belantikan Hulu, in the north-western part of Indonesia’s Central Kalimantan Province, has been confirmed from the results of camera-trap programme since 2013, but its population size has yet to be determined. The study aimed to identify the threats to the banteng population in Belantikan Hulu and describe the conservation efforts that have already been taken there. Although Belantikan Hulu is now one of the priority habitats for conserving banteng in Kalimantan, the area lies outside the nationally-designated conservation area network. Hunting is one of the greatest threats that can lead directly to failure in their population. Local informants were able to describe the location and number of 24 banteng that were killed over a 65-year period, from the 1950’s to 2015. The true number is likely to be much higher, since these data were derived from a sample representing only 30% of the local hunting community, and they did not include information from any outsiders. Logging, mining and shifting cultivation in around banteng habitats are important factors that are currently contributing to the destruction and degradation of their habitats in Belantikan Hulu. Conservation efforts have got a lot of supports from local stakeholders. These efforts have led to a customary regulation being adopted that prohibits hunting of banteng or degradation of their habitats around their key saltlicks and feeding sites, and the creation of local conservation area of 1,700 ha (on land voluntarily released by the logging company) that includes these key sites.   Keywords: bornean banteng, conservation, habitat, hunting, threa

Groundwater Conservation Strategy Based on Water Balance at Muarabungo Groundwater Basin, Indonesia

Muarabungo Groundwater Basin,is locateed in Jambi and West Sumatra Province. Based on the four rainfall stations in Muaratebo, Dusun Rantau Pandan, Sungai Bengkal and Komplek Pengairan PU Station recorded in 2008 to 2011, the precipitation (ppt) in study area is 1799.09 mm/year. Value of evapotranspiration (Evpt) in the study area is equal to 1261.26 mm / year (70.1%). Groundwater Basin of Muarabungo has an infiltration debit of 2,516,791,750 m3 / year and run-off debit (Ro) of 798 042 638 m3 / year. Rock composer in the Muarabungo Groundwater Basin are dominated by Alluvium Deposition, Quaternary rocks, and also the surrounding areas are composed by igneous and metamorphic rocks. Aquifer with a good productvity can be found on Alluvium and sedimentary rocks such as tuff sandy, whereas region without exploitable groundwater are composed by igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. Based on groundwater quality, Groundwater Basin is divided into 13 facies, namely Ca; Cl, ​​Mg; Cl, ​​Na + K, Cl, Ca; HCO3, Mg; HCO3, Na + K; HCO3, Ca; No. dominant type, Mg; Nodominan type, Na + K; No. dominant type, No. dominant type; Cl, ​​No. dominant type; HCO3, Nodominan type; SO4, and No. dominant type; No. dominant type. The result of water balance measurement in research area is used to show the areas for crisis and secure area. The water balance calculation and determining recharge and discharge areas are needed for developing conservation strategy

Targeted Conservation to Safeguard a Biodiversity Hotspot from Climate and Land-Cover Change

Responses of biodiversity to changes in both land cover and climate are recognized [1] but still poorly understood [2]. This poses significant challenges for spatial planning as species could shift, contract, expand, or maintain their range inside or outside protected areas [2, 3 and 4]. We examine this problem in Borneo, a global biodiversity hotspot [5], using spatial prioritization analyses that maximize species conservation under multiple environmental-change forecasts. Climate projections indicate that 11%–36% of Bornean mammal species will lose ?30% of their habitat by 2080, and suitable ecological conditions will shift upslope for 23%–46%. Deforestation exacerbates this process, increasing the proportion of species facing comparable habitat loss to 30%–49%, a 2-fold increase on historical trends. Accommodating these distributional changes will require conserving land outside existing protected areas, but this may be less than anticipated from models incorporating deforestation alone because some species will colonize high-elevation reserves. Our results demonstrate the increasing importance of upland reserves and that relatively small additions (16,000–28,000 km2) to the current conservation estate could provide substantial benefits to biodiversity facing changes to land cover and climate. On Borneo, much of this land is under forestry jurisdiction, warranting targeted conservation partnerships to safeguard biodiversity in an era of global change