Korištenje otpadnog mulja i diatomita kao medija u proizvodnji sadnica običnog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) i procjena preživljavanja sadnica na terenu

Although several organic and inorganic substrates are added to growing media for improving its physical and chemical characteristics, the need for search of new materials and/or mixtures that reduces the high-priced peat content in substrates is still interesting. This study evaluated the feasibility of reducing the peat content in substrates by replacing it with different amounts of diatomite and sewage sludge for Scots pine seedling (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth and their land performance. In order to evaluate the feasibility of reducing the peat content in substrates by replacing it with different amounts of diatomite and sewage sludge, an experiment was carried out in a temperature-controlled greenhouse under natural light. To evaluate the land performance of Scots pine seedlings grown in different substrates, a trial was established between the years 2013-2017 in Sarıkamış, Kars (NE Anatolia). Sewage sludge application, due to its high organic matter and macro and micronutrient content, has improved the composition of the rhizosphere, thereby resulting in growth acceleration. As a result of the evaluations made in terms of both seedling morphological characteristics and land performance; the best performance was determined in the 9th (50%P+50%SS) and 3rd (75%SS+25%DE) mixtures.Unatoč tome što se supstratu za uzgoj dodaju određeni organski i anorganski supstrati kako bi se poboljšale njegove fizičke i kemijske karakteristike, i dalje je zanimljiva potreba za istraživanjem novih materijala i/ili smjesa koje smanjuju udio skupocjenog treseta u supstratima. U ovom radu procijenit će se izvedivost smanjenja sadržaja treseta u supstratima njegovom zamjenom s različitim količinama diatometa i mulja iz otpadnih voda za rast sadnica običnog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) te njihovo preživljavanje na terenu. Kako bi se procijenila izvedivost smanjenja sadržaja treseta u supstratima zamjenom s različitim količinama diatometa i mulja iz otpadnih voda, provedeno je istraživanje u stakleniku, pod prirodnim svjetlom i u kontroliranim temperaturnim uvjetima. Između 2013. i 2017. godine u mjestu Sarıkamış, Kars (SI Anadolija) pokrenuto je istraživanje kojim će se procijeniti učinak koje zemljište ima na sadnice običnog bora koje rastu u različitim supstratima. Visoko organske tvari te makro i mikrohranjivi sastojci koji se nalaze u mulju iz otpadnih voda poboljšali su sastav rizosfere. što je rezultiralo bržim rastom sadnica. Kao rezultat evaluacija obavljenih u pogledu morfoloških karakteristika sadnica i utjecaja koji zemljište ima na preživljavanje sadnica; najbolji učinak postignut je u 9. (50%P + 50%SS) i 3. smjesi (75%SS + 25%DE)

Effects of Sewage Sludge Amendment on Some Soil Properties, Growth, Yield and Nutrient Content of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

This study was focused not only at the assessment of effects of different sewage sludge application rates on vegetative parameters and yield of raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.) but also heavy metal accumulation in the soil and raspberry leaves. A three-year field study was set up in a completely randomized block design with five sewage sludge application rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg of dry matter per plant) and three replications. One-year-old, virus free 'Heritage' saplings were used for the experiment. The results of this study clearly indicated that the sewage sludge application is an effective mean for improvement of vegetative growth, yield, soil and plant chemical properties of raspberry in light textured soils. In addition to macro-element contents, sewage sludge application also caused significant changes in micro-element content of soils. No adverse effects of these increases were observed on plants throughout the experimental period. The most effective application rate was found as 7.5 kg per plant for this ecological condition. It can be concluded that when properly treated and applied to farmland sewage sludge is not only disposed economically but also improved vegetative growth and yield of raspberry

Influence of Global Warming on Aggregate Stability and Hydraulic Conductivity Under Highland Soil Order in Turkey

Ongoing global warming may cause an increase in air and soil temperatures. These increases can then lead to increase in the frequency of soil freezing and thawing cycle during the winter in cool-temperate and other high-latitude regions. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of repeated soil freezing and thawing treated cycles (FTTC) on wet aggregate stability (WAS) and hydraulic conductivity (HC) in incubation laboratory and field experiment on Pellustert, Argiustoll, Haplustept, and Fluvaquent soils, the major soil groups in the eastern part of Turkey. To provide long-term climatic effect of soil FTTC on WAS and HC, a laboratory study was conducted simulating with three steps based on 60-year temperature cycles occurring in the region. The results demonstrated that the initial WAS increased with increases in FTTC from 3 to 6, by 18% to 113% but decreased after that point in all the soil freeze-thaw treatments by 2% to 25%, depending on soil type. The effect was more pronounced with increased moisture contents at freezing. The percent decrease in HC of soils ranged from 19% to 44%. The highest WAS values of soil samples under laboratory condition were determined in the Argiustoll soil, followed by Pellustert > Haplustept > Fluvaquent but was Fluvaquent > Haplustept > Pellustert > Argiustoll for HC of the soils. The field study results showed that global climate changes occurring in recent decades in the region deeply affected the WAS and HC values and that the highland soils are most sensitive to the global climatic change. Increasing air temperature has resulted in the rise of soil temperature, increasing the frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles during the winter in cool-temperature and other high-latitude regions. If ongoing global warming continues this trend, WAS and HC changes in highland soils may lead to decrease and alterations in regional agricultural production such that regular organic manure or green manure amendments will be needed to sustain soil management and crop production for these major soil groups