Perfil de transmisión del SARS COV2 en una región sanitaria del Paraguay

Introducción: La transmisión viral a menudo se propaga en grupos, donde las infecciones se pueden rastrear hasta un caso índice o una ubicación geográfica, para así poder tomar medidas de prevención al respecto. Entender el perfil de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 es esencial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención y control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de transmisión del Sars-Cov-2, a partir de clúster con casos índices identificados, en la V región sanitaria (Caaguazu) del Paraguay, entre julio y octubre del 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con fichas de notificación de casos de COVID-19 y resultados laboratoriales de la RT_PCR en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 en la V Región Sanitaria entrejulio y octubre del 2020. Resultados: Fueron identificadas 703 personas con Sars-Cov-2 positivo. El 55,49% de las personas no reconoció algún nexo de contagio. Con respecto al tipo de evento donde ocurrían con mayor frecuencia los contagios, ocurrieron en Eventos Sociales en 58,14% de los casos y en el Ambiente Familiar en el 33,89%. La transmisión secundaria se observó en el 17,40% de los casos. Fueron identificados 58 Clústers, con una mediana de tamaño de los mismos de 3 (RIQ 2-4), y 267 personas (37,98%) asociadas a los mismos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las personas no reconocieron su nexo de contagio, sin embargo, en los que, si conocieron, se puede observar que la participación en eventos sociales fue el principal nexo, por lo que es fundamental realizar este tipo de ejercicios para hacer el seguimiento oportuno de los casos

Variation within and between Frankliniella Thrips Species in Host Plant Utilization

Anthophilous flower thrips in the genus Frankliniella (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) exploit ephemeral plant resources and therefore must be capable of successfully locating appropriate hosts on a repeated basis, yet little is known of interspecific and intraspecific variation in responses to host plant type and nutritional quality. Field trials were conducted over two seasons to determine if the abundance of males and females of three common Frankliniella species, F. occidentalis (Pergande), F. tritici (Fitch) and F. bispinosa (Morgan), their larvae, and a key predator, Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were affected by host plant type and plant nutritional quality. Two host plants, pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. that vary in suitability for these species were examined, and their nutritional quality was manipulated by applying three levels of nitrogen fertilization (101 kg/ha, 202 kg/ha, 404 kg/ha). F. occidentalis females were more abundant in pepper than in tomato, but males did not show a differential response. Both sexes of F. tritici and F. bispinosa were more abundant in tomato than in pepper. Larval thrips were more abundant in pepper than in tomato. Likewise, O. insidiosus females and nymphs were more abundant in pepper than in tomato. Only F. occidentalis females showed a distinct response to nitrogen fertilization, with abundance increasing with fertilization. These results show that host plant utilization patterns vary among Frankliniella spp. and should not be generalized from results of the intensively studied F. occidentalis. Given the different pest status of these species and their differential abundance in pepper and tomato, it is critical that scouting programs include species identifications for proper management

Therapy-Induced Senescence Enhances the Efficacy of HER2-Targeted Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer

Eficàcia; Conjugats de fàrmacs; Càncer de mamaEficacia; Conjugados de medicamentos; Cáncer de mamaEfficacy; Drug conjugates; Breast cancerAntibody–drug conjugates (ADC) are antineoplastic agents recently introduced into the antitumor arsenal. T-DM1, a trastuzumab-based ADC that relies on lysosomal processing to release the payload, is approved for HER2-positive breast cancer. Next-generation ADCs targeting HER2, such as [vic-]trastuzumab duocarmazine (SYD985), bear linkers cleavable by lysosomal proteases and membrane-permeable drugs, mediating a bystander effect by which neighboring antigen-negative cells are eliminated. Many antitumor therapies, like DNA-damaging agents or CDK4/6 inhibitors, can induce senescence, a cellular state characterized by stable cell-cycle arrest. Another hallmark of cellular senescence is the enlargement of the lysosomal compartment. Given the relevance of the lysosome to the mechanism of action of ADCs, we hypothesized that therapies that induce senescence would potentiate the efficacy of HER2-targeting ADCs. Treatment with the DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin and CDK4/6 inhibitor induced lysosomal enlargement and senescence in several breast cancer cell lines. While senescence-inducing drugs did not increase the cytotoxic effect of ADCs on target cells, the bystander effect was enhanced when HER2-negative cells were cocultured with HER2-low cells. Knockdown experiments demonstrated the importance of cathepsin B in the enhanced bystander effect, suggesting that cathepsin B mediates linker cleavage. In breast cancer patient-derived xenografts, a combination treatment of CDK4/6 inhibitor and SYD985 showed improved antitumor effects over either treatment alone. These data support the strategy of combining next-generation ADCs targeting HER2 with senescence-inducing therapies for tumors with heterogenous and low HER2 expression. Significance: Combining ADCs against HER2-positive breast cancers with therapies that induce cellular senescence may improve their therapeutic efficacy by facilitating a bystander effect against antigen-negative tumor cells.This work was supported by Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF-20-008), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (project reference numbers AC15/00062, CB16/12/00449 and PI19/01181), the EC under the framework of the ERA-NET TRANSCAN-2 initiative co-financed by FEDER, Fundación Mutua Madrileña and Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer. S. Duro-Sánchez is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades by the grant Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU20/05388). A. Esteve-Codina is funded by ISCIII /MINECO (PT17/0009/0019) and co-funded by FEDER. The authors acknowledge Alyson MacInnes for reviewing and editing the article

Territorio, Recursos Naturales y Ambiente: hacia una historia comparada : Estudio a través de Argentina, México, Costa Rica, Haití, Paraguay, Uruguay y Venezuela

Libro -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas, 2014Nuestro objetivo principal ha sido establecer parámetros para una estudio comparativo de los recursos naturales y el ambiente, en función del territorio, en América Latina, a partir del estudio de casos particulares. Más concetamente, nos propusimos determinar: 1. las formas de conocimiento sobre el territorio, sus recursos naturales y su ambiente; y caracterizar los estilos científicos prevalecientes en cada etapa y región; 2. el papel de las instituciones y programas científicos en la formación de una tradición ambientalista local y las modalidades de desarrollo de estas temáticas a lo largo de la historia latinaomericana; 3. los parámetros de comprensión de las temáticas territoriales y ambientales desde las normativas y las políticas públicas de los estados; 4. los objetivos, áreas de investigación,campos de interés y resultados, según surgen de las publicaciones, productos y documentación científicos.Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (IPGH) Proyecto GEO 01.2013 – HIST. 02.2013.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

Dementia in Latin America : paving the way towards a regional action plan

Regional challenges faced by Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs) to fight dementia, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instabilities, and socioeconomic disparities, can be addressed more effectively grounded in a collaborative setting based on the open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC-CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence-based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into actions with transformative power. Then, by characterizing genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions and mapping these to the above challenges, we provide the basic mosaics of knowledge that will pave the way towards a KtAF. We describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF

Early mobilisation in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a subanalysis of the ESICM-initiated UNITE-COVID observational study

Background Early mobilisation (EM) is an intervention that may improve the outcome of critically ill patients. There is limited data on EM in COVID-19 patients and its use during the first pandemic wave. Methods This is a pre-planned subanalysis of the ESICM UNITE-COVID, an international multicenter observational study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients in the ICU between February 15th and May 15th, 2020. We analysed variables associated with the initiation of EM (within 72 h of ICU admission) and explored the impact of EM on mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, as well as discharge location. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear mixed-effect models and ANOVAs. Results Mobilisation data from 4190 patients from 280 ICUs in 45 countries were analysed. 1114 (26.6%) of these patients received mobilisation within 72 h after ICU admission; 3076 (73.4%) did not. In our analysis of factors associated with EM, mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.25, 0.35; p = 0.001), higher age (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.00; p ≤ 0.001), pre-existing asthma (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73, 0.98; p = 0.028), and pre-existing kidney disease (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71, 0.99; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the initiation of EM. EM was associated with a higher chance of being discharged home (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08, 1.58; p = 0.007) but was not associated with length of stay in ICU (adj. difference 0.91 days; 95% CI − 0.47, 1.37, p = 0.34) and hospital (adj. difference 1.4 days; 95% CI − 0.62, 2.35, p = 0.24) or mortality (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.7, 1.09, p = 0.24) when adjusted for covariates. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a quarter of COVID-19 patients received EM. There was no association found between EM in COVID-19 patients' ICU and hospital length of stay or mortality. However, EM in COVID-19 patients was associated with increased odds of being discharged home rather than to a care facility. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04836065 (retrospectively registered April 8th 2021)

patrimonio intelectual

Actas de congresoLas VI Jornadas se realizaron con la exposición de ponencias que se incluyeron en cuatro ejes temáticos, que se desarrollaron de modo sucesivo para facilitar la asistencia, el intercambio y el debate, distribuidos en tres jornadas. Los ejes temáticos abordados fueron: 1. La enseñanza como proyecto de investigación. Recursos de enseñanza-aprendizaje como mejoras de la calidad educativa. 2. La experimentación como proyecto de investigación. Del ensayo a la aplicabilidad territorial, urbana, arquitectónica y de diseño industrial. 3. Tiempo y espacio como proyecto de investigación. Sentido, destino y usos del patrimonio construido y simbólico. 4. Idea constructiva, formulación y ejecución como proyecto de investigación. Búsqueda y elaboración de resultados que conforman los proyectos de la arquitectura y el diseño

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Pautas conceptuales y metodológicas para la formación y desarrollo de la cultura histórica de los estudiantes de la enseñanza media

El objetivo del presente artículo es fundamentar algunas pautas teórico-metodológicas para la formación y desarrollo de la cultura histórica de los estudiantes en la enseñanza media como una dimensión de la cultura general integral. Se utilizó la metodología de la investigación documental argumentativa, y diversas perspectivas teóricas, como la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, la concepción dialéctico materialista desde la Historia Social integral y el Enfoque histórico cultural, para asumir una posición crítica que sustente la necesidad de fomentar el desarrollo de la cultura histórica en los estudiantes de Educación Media en el contexto del modelo de la educación cubana.&nbsp