The Effect of Pre-swirl on the Discharge Coefficient of Rotating Axial Orifices

The characteristic of the flow through a set of rotating orifices for particular conditions is quantified in terms of a discharge coefficient which is the ratio of the actual flow divided by the flow for the ideal case. In the present study the pre-swirl was created by having Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) at the inlet of the rotating orifices. Pre-swirl changes the angle of attack to the orifice, and thus affects the incidence angle and the discharge coefficient. Pre-swirl improves the discharge coefficient in inclined orifices since it allows the incidence angle to reach zero at a much lower rotational speed than when there is no pre-swirl

Single-, Dual- and Triple-band Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna

The paper presents a frequency reconfigurable slot dipole antenna. The antenna is capable of being switched between single-band, dual-band or triple-band operation. The antenna incorporates three pairs of pin-diodes which are located within the dipole arms. The antenna was designed to operate at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz using the aid of CST Microwave Studio. The average measured gains are 1.54, 2.92 and 1.89 dBi for low, mid and high band respectively. A prototype was then constructed in order to verify the performance of the device. A good level of agreement was observed between simulation and measurement

Effects of Controller and Nonuniform Temperature Profile on the Onset of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni Electroconvection in a Micropolar Fluid

Linear stability analysis is performed to study the effects of nonuniform basic temperature gradients on the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni electroconvection in a dielectric Eringen’s micropolar fluid by using the Galerkin technique. In the case of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection, the eigenvalues are obtained for an upper free/adiabatic and lower rigid/isothermal boundaries. The influence of various parameters has been analysed. Three nonuniform basic temperature profiles are considered and their comparative influence on onset of convection is discussed. Different values of feedback control and electric number are added up to examine whether their presence will enhance or delay the onset of electroconvection

A importância do crescimento cultural após a aprendizagem na escola

The authors of this article analyze the problems believing people who learning at school and college. The main problem is the unpreparedness of students to the learning neither theoretically, nor psychologically, nor cultural. Most learners face the problem of a difficult entry at the beginning of the learning. The article describes the reasons for the difficulties at the beginning of the learning and the ways of gradual habit formation and preliminary preparation for the learning during the year. Most students can state the fact that after the end of the school they don’t learn during the year or do it very rare. It is good to study for a whole year but learning is the abstention from all mental desires forbidden and questionable actions, and it would be better for everyone and especially for the learning to lead such a law-abiding lifestyle every day throughout the year. The purpose of this article is to secure the learner, to warn in advance and to prepare psychologically and physically for a long year.Los autores de este artículo analizan los problemas de las personas que aprenden en la escuela y la universidad. El principal problema evideciado es la falta de preparación de los estudiantes en los aprendizajes teórico, psicológico y cultural. La mayoría de los alumnos se enfrentan a problemas a comienzos del aprendizaje. El artículo describe los motivos de las dificultades al inicio del aprendizaje y las formas de formación gradual de hábitos y preparación preliminar para el aprendizaje durante el año. La mayoría de los estudiantes puede afirmar que después del final de la escuela no aprenden durante el año o lo hacen de forma fragmentada. Es bueno estudiar durante un año entero, pero aprender es la abstención de todos los deseos mentales de acciones prohibidas y cuestionables, y sería mejor para todos y especialmente para el aprendizaje llevar un estilo de vida respetuoso de la ley todos los días durante todo el año. El propósito de este artículo es asegurar al alumno, advertirlo por adelantado y prepararse psicológica y físicamente durante un largo año.Os autores deste artigo analisar os problemas das pessoas que aprendem na escola e na faculdade. Evideciado o principal problema é a falta de preparo dos alunos na aprendizagem teórica, psicológico e cultural. A maioria dos alunos enfrenta problemas no início da aprendizagem. O artigo descreve as razões para as dificuldades no início da aprendizagem e formas de formação gradual de hábitos e preparação preliminar para o aprendizado durante o ano. A maioria dos estudantes pode dizer que após o fim da escola não aprendem durante o ano ou fazê-lo de forma fragmentada. É bom para estudar por um ano, mas a aprendizagem é abster-se de todos os desejos mentais de ações proibidas e questionáveis, e que seria melhor para todos e especialmente para a aprendizagem levar uma vida respeitosa da lei todos os dias durante todo o ano . O objetivo deste artigo é o de assegurar o aluno, eu avisá-lo com antecedência e se preparar psicologicamente e fisicamente por um longo ano.&nbsp

Polymer electrolytes based on modified natural rubber

Modified natural rubber polymer hosts having low transition glass temperatures have been investigated for use in polymer electrolytes. Two types of modified natural rubber, namely 25% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-25) and 50% epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-50) were employed in conjunction with poly(ethylene oxide), PEO. Results are reported for ionic conductivity and thermal properties for both unplasticized and plasticized polymer electrolyte systems with lithium triflate. The samples were in the form of free standing films with the thickness 0.2–0.5 mm and mixtures of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) were used as plasticizers. Unplasticized modified natural rubber-based systems exhibit ionic conductivities in the range 10−6 to 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperatures. Incorporating 100% of EC/PC by weight fraction of polymer (ENR/PEO) to the systems yielded mechanically stable films and ionic conductivities in the range of 10−4 S cm−1 at ambient temperature

Comparison of deposition methods of ZnO thin film on flexible substrate

This paper reports the effect of the different deposition methods towards the ZnO nanostructure crystal quality and film thickness on the polyimide substrate. The ZnO film has been deposited by using the spray pyrolysis technique, sol-gel and RF Sputtering. Different methods give a different nanostructure of the ZnO thin film. Sol gel methods, results of nanoflowers ZnO thin film with the thickness of thin film is 600nm. It also produces the best of the piezoelectric effect in term of electrical performance, which is 5.0 V and 12 MHz of frequency which is higher than other frequency obtained by spray pyrolysis and RF sputtering

Analysis of genetic variation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 loci in Malaysian native chickens

The genetic diversity of 100 Malaysian native chickens was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for two candidate genes: inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). The two genes were selected because of their important role in chicken’s immune system. INOS and NRAMP1 PCR products were digested by AluI and SacI restriction enzymes, respectively. The restriction digests produced fragment sizes of 322 and 173 bp for INOS and 722 and 79 bp for NRAMP1 as one allele and an undigested PCR product as the other allele. Both loci were polymorph, however only INOS gene showed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Average heterozygosity and the Shannon information index (I) was 0.43 and 0.62 for INOS and 0.48 and 0.68 for NRAMP1 genes, respectively. The observed polymorphism in this study shows the ability of these candidate genes in marker assisted selection and introgression programs to increase resistance to diseases in both Malaysian native and commercial chickens.Key words: Malaysian native chickens, polymorphism, inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1)

Mechanical Behavior of Various Orthodontic Retraction Springs

Retraction spring is a type of orthodontic apparatus that is used to move a tooth with respect to another by utilizing its spring back effect. It is made of metallic wire formed to individual orthodontic cases. A specific geometry results in a set of force system, consisting of forces and moments, that provides specific movement effect when it is pre-activated to the adjacent teeth. Currently, orthodontists select its geometry depending on their knowledge and experience. It is based on separate and less-than-comprehensive literatures that not all orthodontists have access to. It may result in inaccuracies in treating individual tooth retraction case. Engineering approach to estimating retraction spring structural behavior is proposed through analytical, numerical and empirical methods. Castigliano method is used as the analytical approach, whilst finite element method is used as the numerical approach. The two simulation approaches were compared to the experiments to obtain the best simulation model. The behavior of the simulation models agree well with those of experiments. Hence, the simulation models were used to simulate a large number of geometries to form database of structural behavior of retraction spring that could be used in the geometry selection by orthodontists

Pola Makan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pasien Dm Tipe 2

Pola makan yang salah dapat menyebabkan kenaikan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pola makan dengan kadar gula darah pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kota Makassar. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan studi cross-sectional, dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2014 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Batua Raya dan Bara-barayya. Populasi penelitian, yaitu rata-rata jumlah pasien yang berkunjung perbulan di Puskesmas Batua Raya dan Bara-barayya, yaitu 67 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 46 orang. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner identitas diri, food recall 24 jam, food picture, alat pemeriksaan gula darah, nutrisurvey, dan SPSS. Hasil yang diperoleh, pada asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan lemak bermakna dengan nilai p0,05 yaitu 0,162. Variabel Jenis, gula dan hasil olahannya (p>0,05) yaitu 0,133. Sedangkan variabel sayur dan buah bermakna dengan nilai p 0,000. Variabel jadwal makan nilai p=0,460. Beban glikemik sendiri memiliki hubungan dengan kadar gula darah dibuktikan nilai p<0,05 yaitu, 0,004. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa ada hubungan pola makan dengan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe 2 wilayah kerja puskesmas Kota Makassar Tahun 2014