Antihyperglycaemic and antilipidaemic properties of ethanol stem bark extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

This study investigated Crossoptyerx febrifuga stem bark extract for antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects in alloxan–induced diabetic rats. Thirty diabetic albino rats were assigned into six groups of five rats each and treated with extract of varying doses (500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg) and standard antidiabetic drug- glibenclamide. Treatment of the diabetic rats was done in seven days through orogastric procedure. The extract showed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in all the doses compared to the diabetic control and standard antidiabetic drug, glibecamide. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased in all the groups, as against the diabetic control. On percent scale, the HDL increased by 55.18% and the LDL reduced significantly (p ˂ 0.05) by 73.52% at the dose of 500mg/kg as against the standard drug which showed just 20.69% reduction. Acute toxicity study was done prior to the diabetic study. The method adopted was that of Lorke and plant extract was found to be safe up to the dose of 5000mg/kg. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponnins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids phytosterols and polyhenolics. The presence of these rich phytoconstituents was the reason for the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic property of this plant thus, confirming its use in folklore.Keywords: Antihyperglycemic, Crossoptyerx febrifuga, Diabetes mellitus, Phytochemical, Toxicit

Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Commiphora africana

Commiphora africana has been used traditionally for generations in many parts of the world to treat a wide range of ailments. It has been reported to have bioactive compounds and has been recognized for its medicinal importance. The antimicrobial activity as well as the phytohemical screening of the aqueous, ethanol and petroleum ether crude extracts of Commiphora africana against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Staphylocoocus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The results obtained from the phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The crude leaf extracts at 400μg/ml, had high antifungal activity against Candida albicans (24mm), Epidermophyton floccosum (23mm) and Staphylocoocus aureus (18mm). Escherichia coli resisted to all the extracts except for petroleum ether where it showed 10mm zone of inhibition. Clotrimozole and Ciprofloxacin were used as positive control and were active against ame isolates at 25μg/ml with zones 30mm and 19mm respectively. In conclusion, the study revealed that the crude leaf extracts of Commiphora africana had antimicrobial activity and can serve as a potential source of natural bioactive compounds for the treatment of fungal infections.Keywords: Commiphora africana, extracts, antimicrobial activity, phytochemicals, clinicalisolates, bacteria, fungi

ARCHITECTURE OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

This article is aimed to name the levels of industrial automation, describes the hierarchical structure of industrial automation systems, (what information one accept from another, what information can be given from one to another), describes essential functions of each level, and mentions the differences between automatic control and supervisory control. Moreover, the article provides an exposure to the technologies that enable operation and control of modern industrial machines and systems

Antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa seed extracts

The development and alarming increase of bacterial resistance to existing antimicrobial agents has become a real challenge and a serious problem facing patients suffering from various infections worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of black seed extracts against bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The powdered seeds were extracted using percolation technique with methanol and petroleum ether. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity. Methanolic extracts at 100mg/ml had a remarkable activity against S. aureus (19mm) and P. aeruginosa (12mm). Also the petroleum ether extract had the same activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (10mm). This implies that methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of N. sativa were found to be active against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. While E. coli showed resistance to the extracts at all concentrations. Our study shows that species, strains and concentrations of N. sativa extracts are some of the factors that may influence the sensitivity of tested organisms.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Nigella sativa, Black seed extract, Agar well diffusion, Bacterial isolate

The significance of co-curricular education in school

Co-curriculum plays an important role in education. Among them is the importance of cultivating the personality and the formation of unity. Participation of students as young people and people in the country in co-curricular activities can cultivate positive values such as goodwill, unity, national integration and inculcating the values of the indirect and direct when participating in these activities. This is in line with the second core in the Education Development Master Plan (Pelan Induk Pembangunan Pendidikan), namely Developing Human Capital. Quality human capital is the nation's primary asset to determine the future of nation. It is also important in building the concept of "One Malaysia" which prioritizes unity among the multiracial Malaysians. There are various advantages and disadvantages of co-curriculum implementation in education. Therefore, the implementation should be carefully planned and implemented more seriously by all parties. Any constraints in implementation whether in terms of teacher training, equipment, infrastructure, support, finance, etc. are urgently needed. It is important that the co-curriculum implementation in education can achieve its objectives and succeed in producing a highly educated generation of noble and virtuous. © 2017 Elixi

Isolation and characterization of bioactive compound from

No Abstract

Radiological evaluation of lead apron integrity in five selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria

Background: The general consensus is that any exposure to ionising radiation carries a risk. Diagnostic radiology is the largest (87%) contributor to man-made ionising radiation, therefore any economical and socially acceptable means ofreducing dose without compromising the diagnostic value of the procedure must be worth implementing.Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating lead apron integrity in five selected Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria.Methodology: The methodology approach includes the application of a large area beam for transmission measurement with the placement of OSLD before and behind the ten (10) lead aprons to determine the entrance and exit dose as well as the transmission factor. In this study, lead apron consisting of 0.25mm and 0.35mm thickness were examined.Results: The result shows that the transmittance factor of the entrance and exit dose through the lead equivalent aprons is directly proportional to the age of the apron with NHA1 having the highest transmission factor (0.83) and oldest age (16 years). WGH2 has the lowest transfer factor (0.12) and the least age (1 year).Conclusion: Lead aprons loses their attenuation capability over time and should be replace after 15 years at most for effective protection against ionizing radiation

Kesiapan Gurumatematika Mengintegrasikan Karakter Dalam Pembelajaran (Studi Kasus Padasmp Negeri 2 Gatak Kabupaten Sukoharjo)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan guru matematika mengintegrasikan karakter dalam pembelajaran Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif.. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah wawancara, angket, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data secara kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Beberapa hal yang dapat disimpulkan dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) Kesiapan guru matematika mengintegrasikan karakter dalam pembelajaran matematika di SMP N 2 Gatak sudah dikatakan baik, hal ini bisa diamati dari pemahaman guru tentang pendidikan karakter, pengembangan RPP, silabus dan bahan ajar yang mengembangkan karakter serta pengintegrasiannya ke dalam pembelajaran.2) Dalam pembelajaran nilai-nilai karakter untuk matematika meliputi religius, kejujuran, kecerdasan, kedisiplinan, kepedulian, demokratis, berpikir logis, kritis, kreatif, dan inovatif, kerja keras, keingintahuan, kemandirian, bertanggung jawab dan percaya diri.3)Kendala yang dialami sebagian guru matematika adalah kurangnya kesadaran dari siswa akan pentingnya nilai-nilai karakter dalam pembelajaran

Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Produk,Promosi, Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pakaian(Studi Kasus Toko Lesba Fanci)

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of product quality variables, promotion and quality of service to Decision Purchase Clothing (Case Study Store Lesba Fanci). Research using 100 respondents from consumer lesba fanci with sampling technique using convinience sampling. Data collection method used is field study with personal questionnaire distribution. The analysis used in this research is test instrument of research, test of classical assumption, multiple linear regression analysis test, t test, F test, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results obtained from this study have several findings. Product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Promotion has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. The quality of service has a positive and significant effect on the purchasing decision, and simultaneously the product quality, promotion and service quality have significant influence on purchasing decision with contribution given (Ajusted R²) equal to 65,9% and the rest explained by other variable. Keywords: Product Quality, Promotion, Service Quality, and Purchase Decisio

PERFORMANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERISTICS OF BC2F3 POPULATION WITH ADDITION OF BLAST RESISTANT GENE

ABSTRACTThe study was carried out in the University Putra Malaysia (UPM) Rice Research Centre to evaluate the yield performance of newly developed selected blast resistant plants of BC2F3 generations derived from a cross between MR263, a high yielding rice variety but blast susceptible and Pongsu Seribu 1, donor with blast resistant (Pi-7(t)and Pi-d (t)1, Pir2-3(t)genes and qLN2 QTL), Malaysian local variety. On the basis of assessed traits, the plants 12, 6, 7, 5, 21, 22, 5, 26, 11, 8, 10, 13 and 15 had the higher yield, blast resistant and good morphological traits. More than 70% heritability was found in days to maturity, plant height, tiller numbers per hill, and panicle per hill, 80% heritability was found in filled grain and yield per hill and more than 90% heritability was found in grain length, grain width and seed weight. Cluster analysis based on the traits grouped 30 plants along with MR263 into seven clusters. According to PCA, the first four principal components account for about 69.3% total variation for all measured traits and exhibited high correlation among the characteristics analyzed