Chemical composition and antioxidant potential of essential oils from different Ocimum species (Basil) / Composição química e atividade antioxidante de óleos essenciais de diferentes espécies de Ocimum (Manjericão)

Plants of the genus Ocimum are widely used in cooking, cosmetics and folk medicine, mainly antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. This article examines the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of essential oils of Ocimum varieties. The chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For the evaluation of the antioxidant capacities, three different methods were used: the 2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method (DPPH), ABTS (2,2?-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) antiradical method and ?-carotene/peroxyl radicals (LOO•) systems. There was a great variability in the composition and some species had a high eugenol content: O. tenuiflorum>O. campechianum>O. basilicum var. ball>O. gratissimum >O. basilicum var. greek. Methyl chavicol, neral and geranial were components found in other Ocimum species. Better antioxidant efficiency was found in species with a higher eugenol content as Ocimum tenuiflorum by DPPH IC50 2.31±0.02 µg.mL-1, ABTS IC50 2.22±0.23 µg.mL-1 and ?-carotene/linolenic acid system IC50 16.11±3.59 µg.mL-1, equally statistically significant when compared to pure eugenol. Basil essential oils had higher eugenol content in five species with strong antioxidant potential, adding a differential value to the Food Industry in the production of new functional foods or biofilms for foods with functionalities of preservation or control of chronic diseases

O desfecho clinico do paciente obeso submetido a cirurgia / The clinical outcome of the obese patient undergoing

A obesidade se trata de uma doença multifatorial e de caráter crônico, necessitando ser precocemente diagnosticada e tratada. O tratamento do excesso de peso corporal têm a finalidade de evitar exacerbações da doença e as comorbidades com ela associadas. O seguinte artigo objetivou por meio da literatura científica abordar e descrever o quadro clínico do paciente obeso e as opções cirúrgicas e seu prognóstico. O estudo em questão é uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa, fundamentada nas plataformas online do SciELo, Pubmed, Google Acadêmico, Brazilian Jornal of Health Review e LILACS. Desta pesquisa foram analisados 50 artigos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram selecionados 20 estudos por estarem atuais, baseados em evidências e com linguagem clara e direta, descartando-se os demais sem relevância para a temática proposta. Na literatura existem muitas informações. Algumas perspectivas mais restritas classificam as causas da obesidade apenas entre o desequilíbrio entre a ingesta calórica e o gasto metabólico. Ademais, estudos mais atuais abordam a questão em sua perspectiva mais realista, ou seja, sua base multifatorial a qual incluem fatores genéticos, neurológicos, metabólicos e endócrinos, associados a um estilo de vida sedentário e a uma alimentação hipercalórica. O diagnóstico clínico se baseia em métodos simples e de fácil aplicabilidade, e a terapêutica se fundamenta em reeducação alimentar e a inclusão de atividades físicas. No advém, alguns pacientes são resistentes a esses meios e urgem ser submetidos a opção cirúrgica. Atualmente, a cirurgia bariátrica é a opção e esta conta com diversas técnicas promissoras e eficazes no combate ao excesso de peso e suas implicações adjacentes. E está possui benefícios e complicações que consoante o perfil clínico do paciente e o acompanhamento multidisciplinar pode resultar em bom prognóstico

Role of rutin in 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis : prevention of histological damage and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress

Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Cross-cultural adaptation to Brazil of Medication Adherence Rating Scale for psychiatric patients

Objective The purpose of this research was to make a cross-cultural adaptation of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for psychiatric patients to the Brazilian context. Methods The procedure consisted of four phases: translation of the original scale, back-translation, review by an Expert Committee and Pre-test study with a patients’ sample. Results The Expert Committee corrected the items’ translation when necessary and modified the scale administration format and its instructions from self-report to face-to-face interview form in order to ensure easy understanding by the target population. During Pre-test, the instructions and most of the items were properly understood by patients, with the exception of three of them which had to be changed in order to ensure better understanding. The Pre-test sample was composed by 30 psychiatric patients, with severe and persistent disorders mainly single (46.7%), female (60.0%), with a mean age of 43.8 years old and an average of five years of education. Conclusion The Brazilian version of MARS scale is now adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese language and culture and is easily understood by the psychiatric target population. It is necessary to do further research to evaluate the scale psychometric qualities of validity and reliability in order to use it in Brazil

Prestação de Contas das Santas Casas de Misericórdia do estado de São Paulo: uma Análise do Período de 2012 a 2014

A importância das Santas Casas de Misericórdia (SCM) se dá por sua distribuição geográfica, onde em quase 60% dos municípios, é o único hospital disponível. Estas, tem por obrigação a prestação de contas decorrente do poder que o Estado e a população lhe atribuem. Este artigo objetiva investigar a prestação de contas das SCM do Estado de São Paulo, dentre os anos de 2012 a 2014, buscando investigar se as mesmas estão divulgando em seus respectivos sites, os demonstrativos exigidos pela ITG 2002 e os elementos que compõe a prestação de contas relacionadas pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade, sendo estes, o Parecer do Conselho Fiscal, Relatório de Atividades, Parecer e Relatório da Auditoria Independente, Plano de Trabalho, Informações Bancárias e Inventário Patrimonial. A metodologia aplicada é de caráter documental e tem abordagem qualitativa. A partir dos dados coletados elaboraram-se indicadores de níveis de transparência para realizar a análise de dados. Também foi averiguada a questão da aplicação da Teoria da Agência, do conflito entre o principal (sociedade) e o agente (entidade filantrópica) na prestação de contas. De acordo com os dados analisados, observou-se que os níveis de transparência da prestação de contas das SCM do Estado de São Paulo são insatisfatórios, sendo o impacto deste resultado na sociedade preocupante. Pelo baixo nível de prestação de contas, a grande maioria das SCM não passam credibilidade, legitimidade e confiança para a sociedade e, ainda, não contribuem para a sua accountability e assimetria informacional

Preparation, characterization and structure of ruthenium phosphine complexes containing non-innocent ligands

Phosphine ruthenate complexes containing the non-innocent ligands 4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine (opda-CI) and 3,3',4,4'-tetraamminebiphenyl (diopda) were synthesized and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, electrochemistry, P-31{H-1} NMR and electronic spectroscopies. Crystals of cis-[RuCl2 (dppb)(bqdi-CI)] complex were isolated as a mixture of two conformational isomers due to different positions of the chlorine atoms of the o-phenylene ligand in relation to the P1 atom of the phosphine moiety. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.FAPESPFAPESPCAPES (PROCAD)CAPES/PROCADCNPqCNP