The Incidence of Root Canal Therapy after Full-Coverage Restorations: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction The process of restoring a tooth with a crown leaves many opportunities for pulpal irritation. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to the incidence of nonsurgical root canal therapy (NS-RCT) after the delivery of single-unit full-coverage restorations. Methods Insurance claims from 88,409 crown placements in the Delta Dental of Wisconsin insurance database were analyzed from the years 2008–2017. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of the predictor variables on the survival of the tooth. Untoward events were defined as NS-RCT, tooth extraction, retreatment of root canal, or apicoectomy as defined by the Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature. Results Of 88,409 crowns placed, 8.97% were complete metal, 41.40% were all ceramic, and 49.64% were porcelain fused to metal (PFM). The probability of survival of all teeth with crowns placed was 90.41% after 9 years. NS-RCT was the most common untoward event. PFM crowns exhibited a higher rate of untoward events than complete metal crowns and a lower rate than all-ceramic crowns. Crowns placed on individuals 50 years of age and younger had higher rates of untoward events than those placed on individuals ages 51 years and older. Conclusions The risk of endodontic treatment after the placement of crowns is low. This risk increases with the placement of all-ceramic or PFM crowns and as the age of the patient decreases

Evaluation of Serum Stromelysin-2 as a Potential Biomarker for Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Hypothyroid Patients

<p>Background: Hypothyroidism is a medical condition that happens when the thyroid fails to produce enough thyroid hormone to keep up with the requirements of the body's metabolism. Hypothyroidism that is not treated can result in a variety of serious health complications, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and others. Subclinical atherosclerosis is a form of atherosclerosis that occurs when a patient has atherosclerotic plaque but no clinical symptoms of the disease. Stromelysin-2 have an inflammatory effect, released by macrophages in response to a wound or an inflammatory stimulus. Objectives: Measure serum stromelysin-2 levels in people who have clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism to predict an increased risk of atherosclerosis and find the correlation between stromelysin-2 and the lipid panel. Materials and Methods: In this study, there were 130 participants. They were classified into three groups. We measured serum stromelysin-2 levels and lipid profiles. Results: There is a significant rise in the mean value of serum stromelysin-2 (P=0.001), total cholesterol, (P=0.001), triglycerides (P=0.001), LDL-C (P=0.001), VLDL-C (P=0.001), risk ratio of TC/HDL-C (P=0.001), risk ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C (P=0.001), atherogenic coefficient (P=0.001) and atherogenic index of plasma (P=0.001) with significant diminish of serum HDL-C (P=0.001) in clinical and subclinical hypothyroid patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism had higher levels of serum stromelysin-2, higher levels of castelli risk index, atherogenic index of plasma and atherogenic coefficient were found in patients could be used as more accurate risk predictors of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, significant positive correlation was found between Stromelysin-2 and lipid panel.</p><p>Antecedentes: El hipotiroidismo es una afección médica que ocurre cuando la tiroides no produce suficiente hormona tiroidea para satisfacer las necesidades del metabolismo del cuerpo. El hipotiroidismo que no se trata puede provocar una variedad de complicaciones de salud graves, como hipertensión, dislipidemia, aterosclerosis y otras. La aterosclerosis subclínica es una forma de aterosclerosis que ocurre cuando un paciente tiene placa aterosclerótica pero no tiene síntomas clínicos de la enfermedad. La estromelisina-2 tiene un efecto inflamatorio, liberado por los macrófagos en respuesta a una herida o un estímulo inflamatorio. Objetivos: Medir los niveles séricos de estromelisina-2 en personas que tienen hipotiroidismo clínico y subclínico para predecir un mayor riesgo de aterosclerosis y encontrar la correlación entre la estromelisina-2 y el panel de lípidos. Materiales y Métodos: En este estudio hubo 130 participantes. Fueron clasificados en tres grupos. Medimos los niveles séricos de estromelisina-2 y los perfiles de lípidos. Resultados: Hay un aumento significativo en el valor medio de estromelisina-2 sérica (P = 0,001), colesterol total (P = 0,001), triglicéridos (P = 0,001), LDL-C (P = 0,001), VLDL-C. (P = 0,001), índice de riesgo de CT/ HDL-C (P = 0,001), índice de riesgo de LDL-C/HDL-C (P = 0,001), coeficiente aterogénico (P = 0,001) e índice aterogénico del plasma (P = 0,001) con una disminución significativa del HDL-C sérico (P = 0,001) en pacientes con hipotiroidismo clínico y subclínico en comparación con controles sanos. Conclusión: Los pacientes con hipotiroidismo clínico y subclínico tuvieron niveles más altos de estromelisina-2 sérica, se encontraron niveles más altos de índice de riesgo de Castelli, índice aterogénico del plasma y coeficiente aterogénico en los pacientes que podrían usarse como predictores de riesgo más precisos de enfermedad cardiovascular. Además, se encontró una correlación positiva significativa entre Stromelysin-2 y el panel de lípidos.</p&gt

The intracellular uptake of CD95 modified paclitaxel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles

The CD95/CD95L receptor-ligand system is mainly recognised in the induction of apoptosis. However, it has also been shown that CD95L is over-expressed in many cancer types where it modulates immune-evasion and together with its receptor CD95 promotes tumour growth. Here, we show that CD95 surface modification of relatively large microparticles >0.5 μm in diameter, including those made from biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), enhances intracellular uptake by a range of CD95L expressing cells in a process akin to phagocytosis. Using this approach we describe the intracellular uptake of microparticles and agent delivery in neurons, medulloblastoma, breast and ovarian cancer cells in vitro. CD95 modified paclitaxel-loaded PLGA microparticles are shown to be significantly more effective compared to conventional paclitaxel therapy (Taxol) at the same dose in subcutaneous medulloblastoma (∗∗∗P < 0.0001) and orthotopic ovarian cancer xenograft models where a >65-fold reduction in tumour bioluminescence was measured after treatment (∗P = 0.012). This drug delivery platform represents a new way of manipulating the normally advantageous tumour CD95L over-expression towards a therapeutic strategy. CD95 functionalised drug carriers could contribute to the improved function of cytotoxics in cancer, potentially increasing drug targeting and efficacy whilst reducing toxicity

Taxane anticancer formulations: challenges and achievements

Taxanes represent a prominent anticancer family. Paclitaxel and docetaxel are the most well-known taxanes owing to their activity against many types of cancers. The poor solubility of taxanes in water is a major obstacle toward the development of taxane formulations. In this chapter, an introduction about taxanes in terms of their pharmacology, solubility, and stability was provided. Then, we reviewed the traditional delivery systems of taxanes (e.g., formulations of paclitaxel solubilized in Cremophor EL) and the novel nanocarrier systems based on using lipid and polymeric materials. Commercially available formulations of paclitaxel such as Taxol, Abraxane, and Genexol-PM were discussed in this chapter.This chapter was written using the effort hours of a grant given by QNRF. This work was made possible by using the effort hours of the NPRP grant (grant number 337-3-069) from the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF; a member of Qatar Foundation). The review conducted in this chapter is solely the responsibility of the authors