Syntheses of valuable inorganic materials via CO2-assisted procedures and their applications

当把CO2加入有机溶剂和水的混合体系中，会使得液相中气体增加从而液相体积发生膨胀，该液体膨胀具有众多可调、增强材料特性的潜能。该体系也可直接用以制备具有窄粒径分布的微米和纳米材料。然该技术并未见应用于广为应用的γ-Al2O3材料。本研究在无常规使用的模板剂等的情况下，将该体系应用于γ-Al2O3材料的合成，并将所得到的材料应用于催化环己酮的Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应。结果显示当乙醇和水体积比1：1时，可以合成介孔无定型花状γ-Al2O3；当醇水比增加，可以合成介孔蜂窝状γ-Al2O3材料。并且γ-Al2O3材料展示了高比表面积、较大孔容和较小晶体大小（如比表面积高达519.8m2/...The addition of CO2 to an organic solvent-water mixture causes expansion in volume of the liquid phase as a result of increase of mole fraction of the gas, and provides endless potential for tuning, adjusting and enhancing system properties. It also offers simple and direct synthesis of micro- and nano-sized particles with narrower size distributions. Notwithstanding, the technique appears not to ...学位：工学博士院系专业：化学化工学院化学工程与生物工程系_化学工程学号：2062010015429

TWO-STEP EXTRACTION OF PYRETHRINS FROM CHRYSANTHEMUM

本文采用色谱法对除虫菊中的除虫菊酯萃取物进行定量分析。近些年除虫菊酯的定量分析大多使用色谱法，如高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、超临界流体色谱法。除虫菊酯是指菊科植物除虫菊花中所含有效杀虫成分的总称，它主要由6个结构极相似的化合物组成，但由于结构相似，要同时制备6种化合物的标准品非常困难，通常只需测定这6个组分含量总和，故本论文选择较方便的气相色谱法。 本研究采用两步萃取研究从除虫菊花中获取除虫菊酯。首先使用第一溶剂正己烷对除虫菊进行溶剂提取，然后采用自制的超临界流体萃取装置用第二溶剂超临界二氧化碳对正己烷粗提物进一步纯化。 于一定水浴控温和强烈搅拌下，研究了正己烷萃取。获得的萃取物中除虫菊酯...The experimental determination of the concentration and yield of pyrethrins from chrysanthemum (pyrethrum flower) is usually carried out with chromatographic techniques. A lot of methods about this have been reported over the years [Wang et al, (1997)]. These include high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [Todd et al, (2003); Essig and Zhao, (2001b)], gas chromatography (GC) [Essig and Zhao...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学工程与生物工程系_化学工程学号：2042008115369

THE PLURALITY OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN ISLAM PESANTREN DDI UJUNG LARE KOTA PAREPARE

learning resources developed at pondok pesantren during this time oriented plurality. Good learning material PAI as well as religious tradition that held through extracurricular activities and kokurikuler are always paying attention to the teaching of the equation, the equation, the fraternity and compassion in Islam. Typology of religious learning resources that are rooted in Pesantren Putri DDI Lil Banat is an understanding of the religion institution of moderate, tolerant and inklusivisme. Pesantren as a religious educational institutions often compromised the spread understand religious radicalism. From this aspect, if the existence of boarding school instrumental more urgency in developing the views, attitudes towards the plurality of values

Octa­methyldi-μ3-oxido-bis­(μ2-thio­phene-3-acetato-κ2 O:O′)(thio­phene-3-acetato-κO)tetra­tin(IV)

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Sn4(CH3)8(C6H5O2S)4O2], the central four-membered planar ring (Sn2O2) makes dihedral angles of 66.28 (12) and 77.43 (11)° with the heterocyclic rings of the bridging and monodentate ligands, respectively. One SnIV atom adopts a distorted SnO3C2 trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, with both C atoms in equatorial sites and the other a grossly distorted SnO4C2 octa­hedral or irregular arrangement. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are connected into pillar-like polymeric units making R 2 2(12) ring motifs due to inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions. C–H⋯π inter­actions are also present. The O atoms of the chelating ligands and the S atom of the monodentate ligand are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.65 (6):0.35 (6) rati

Conversion of waste eggshells to mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with high surface area

The objective of this work was to convert waste eggshells to mesoporous hydroxyapatte(HAp) with high surface area by using a simple and inexpensive protocol without complexes. The eggshells were initially dissolved in concentrated nitric acid under vigorous agitation to form Ca(NO3)2 solution, followed by the production of HAp nanoparticles through the addition of dilute phosphoric acid solution to the calcium solution at room temperature with a syringepump. The HAp product possessed high surface area (212.4m2/g), large pore size(16.8nm) and small particle size(o10nm)as shown by BET and small angle XRD analyses.Moreover,only about 8% of the HAp phase was converted to whitlockite at high temperature(950 1C), indicating its stability.This work is supported by NSFC (No.21276212) and SRFDP (No. 20100121110009)

N-(4-Chloro­butano­yl)-N′-[2-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]thio­urea

In the title compound, C12H12ClF3N2OS, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the thio­urea fragment is 69.41 (5)°. The thio­urea N—H atoms adopt an anti conformation, such that one of them forms an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, generating an S(6) ring. In the crystal, both N—H groups form inversion dimers, one via a pair of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds and one via a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These lead to R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(12) loops, respectively. Weak C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯F, C—H⋯S and π–π [centroid–centroid separation = 3.7098 (6)Å and slippage = 1.853 Å] inter­actions also occur

1-(2-Bromo­phen­yl)-3-(4-chloro­butano­yl)thio­urea

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H12BrClN2OS, consists of two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. In each mol­ecule, the butano­ylthio­urea unit is nearly planar, with maximum deviations of 0.1292 (19) and 0.3352 (18) Å from the mean plane defined by nine non-H atoms, and is twisted relative to the terminal benzene ring with dihedral angles of 69.26 (7) and 82.41 (7)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif in each butano­ylthio­urea unit. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the two independent mol­ecules together, forming an R 2 2(12) ring motif. The mol­ecules are further connected into a tape along the c axis via N—H⋯S and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds

Green synthesis of Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles: Single-step bioreduction method with plant extract

A facile and eco-friendly method for the preparation of Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (similar to 7 nm) has been developed based on simultaneous bioreduction of Au(III) and Pd(II) precursors with Cacumen Platycladi leaf extract in aqueous environment. The morphology, structure, and size were confirmed with the aid of transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction. UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the C=O and C-O groups in the plant extract played a critical role in capping the nanoparticles. Importantly, the process can be described as pure "green chemistry" technique since no additional synthetic reagents are used as reductants or stabilizers. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China[21036004, 20976146]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China[2010J05032, 2010J01052]WOS:00029506830004

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries