Implementation of 2D turn-based strategy game with AI

Práce se zabývá tvorbou strategické hry a umělé inteligence, která se ji naučíhrát. Je prozkoumán žánr strategických her, ale i důležité části pro umělouinteligenci. Dále práce analyzuje několik profesionálně vytvořených her a pro-gramů hrající tahové strategie. Závěrem hodnotí kvalitu jak implementovanéumělé inteligence, tak implementované hry a navrhuje možná zlepšení.The thesis deals with creating a strategy game and artificial intelligence learn-ing the game via self-play. It looks into a strategy game genre as well as im-portant components of artificial intelligence. It analyzes several examples ofreal-world games and programs playing strategy games. In the end, the thesisdiscusses the quality of implemented artificial intelligence but also the gameand suggests possible improvements

Imunoterapie nádorů asociovaných s virem HPV16 a regulace protinádorové imunitní odpovědi

The MHC class I status of tumour cells during immunotherapy is often underestimated. It represents one of important tumour escape mechanisms and thus can contribute to the failure of most of the cancer clinical trials that are usually based on the induction of cytotoxic T cell responses. Epigenetic changes in the promoters of genes involved in the MHC class I Ag presentation can result in decreased expression of the cell surface MHC molecules on tumour cells. Thus, epigenetic modifiers can restore an expression of the MHC class I molecules and make tumours visible to the CD8+ effector cells. Besides the epigenetic changes on the tumour cells, epigenetic modulators affect cells of the immune system such as dendritic cells (DC). Tumour cells can escape from the immune response not only by changes in the cancer cells, but also by influencing, expanding and/or activating immunoregulatory cell populations, such as regulatory T cells (Treg). This thesis focuses on the potential of the DC-based vaccines against HPV-16-associated tumours with a different MHC class I expression, on the combination of cancer immunotherapy with the treatment using epigenetic modifiers, with special attention paid to their effects on DC, and, finally, on the impacts of the anti-CD25 antibody (used for Treg elimination) on Treg and NKT...Úroveň exprese MHC I. třídy (MHC I) na povrchu nádorových buněk je často podceňována. Představuje však jeden z důležitých mechanismů, jak nádorové buňky unikají imunitnímu systému. To může přispět k selhání většiny protinádorových imunoterapií, které jsou většinou založrny na indukci cytotoxických lymphocytů. Epigenetické změny v promotorech genů účastnících se prezentace antigenů v kontextu MHC I. třídy mohou regulovat expresi povrchových MHC I molekul. Tímto způsobem mohou epigenetické modifikátory navodit expresi MHC I. třídy na nádorových buňkách a zviditelnit je tak pro CD8+ efektorové buňky. Mimoto epigenetické modulatory ovlivňují i buňky imunitního systému jako jsou dendritické buňky (DC). Neoplasie mohou uniknout imunitní odpovědi nejen změnami v nádorových buňkách, ale i díky působení imunoregulačních buněčných populací jako jsou (regulační T buňky) Treg. Tato práce se zaměřuje především na potenciální vakcíny založené na bázi DC proti nádorům associovaných s HPV 16 odlišných v expresi MHC I, kombinaci imunoterapie s aplikací epigenetických modifikátorů se zaměřením na DC, na dopad použití protilátky proti CD25 (využívané k depleci Treg) na Treg, NKT buňky a na růst nádorů. Výsledky získané z projektů zahrnutých v této disertační práci jsou důležité pro optimalizaci vakcinačních a kombinovaných...Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyKatedra genetiky a mikrobiologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Overlap of Promoter Recognition Specificity of Stress Response Sigma Factors SigD and SigH in Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032

Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 harbors five sigma subunits of RNA polymerase belonging to Group IV, also called extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. These factors σC, σD, σE, σH, and σM are mostly involved in stress responses. The role of σD consists in the control of cell wall integrity. The σD regulon is involved in the synthesis of components of the mycomembrane which is part of the cell wall in C. glutamicum. RNA sequencing of the transcriptome from a strain overexpressing the sigD gene provided 29 potential σD-controlled genes and enabled us to precisely localize their transcriptional start sites. Analysis of the respective promoters by both in vitro transcription and the in vivo two-plasmid assay confirmed that transcription of 11 of the tested genes is directly σD-dependent. The key sequence elements of all these promoters were found to be identical or closely similar to the motifs -35 GTAACA/G and -10 GAT. Surprisingly, nearly all of these σD-dependent promoters were also active to a much lower extent with σHin vivo and one (Pcg0607) also in vitro, although the known highly conserved consensus sequence of the σH-dependent promoters is different (-35 GGAAT/C and -10 GTT). In addition to the activity of σH at the σD-controlled promoters, we discovered separated or overlapping σA- or σB-regulated or σH-regulated promoters within the upstream region of 8 genes of the σD-regulon. We found that phenol in the cultivation medium acts as a stress factor inducing expression of some σD-dependent genes. Computer modeling revealed that σH binds to the promoter DNA in a similar manner as σD to the analogous promoter elements. The homology models together with mutational analysis showed that the key amino acids, Ala 60 in σD and Lys 53 in σH, bind to the second nucleotide within the respective -10 promoter elements (GAT and GTT, respectively). The presented data obtained by integrating in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches demonstrate that most of the σD-controlled genes also belong to the σH-regulon and are also transcribed from the overlapping or closely located housekeeping (σA-regulated) and/or general stress (σB-regulated) promoters

Bezdrátové řízení zavlažovacích systémů

Import 28/11/2008Prezenční454 - Katedra elektroniky a telekomunikační technikyNeuveden

Immunotherapy of HPV16 - associated cancers and regulation of antitumour immune response

The MHC class I status of tumour cells during immunotherapy is often underestimated. It represents one of important tumour escape mechanisms and thus can contribute to the failure of most of the cancer clinical trials that are usually based on the induction of cytotoxic T cell responses. Epigenetic changes in the promoters of genes involved in the MHC class I Ag presentation can result in decreased expression of the cell surface MHC molecules on tumour cells. Thus, epigenetic modifiers can restore an expression of the MHC class I molecules and make tumours visible to the CD8+ effector cells. Besides the epigenetic changes on the tumour cells, epigenetic modulators affect cells of the immune system such as dendritic cells (DC). Tumour cells can escape from the immune response not only by changes in the cancer cells, but also by influencing, expanding and/or activating immunoregulatory cell populations, such as regulatory T cells (Treg). This thesis focuses on the potential of the DC-based vaccines against HPV-16-associated tumours with a different MHC class I expression, on the combination of cancer immunotherapy with the treatment using epigenetic modifiers, with special attention paid to their effects on DC, and, finally, on the impacts of the anti-CD25 antibody (used for Treg elimination) on Treg and NKT..

Jak se žije v Portugalsku

545

Východní Asie :region budoucnosti

586