A few clarifications on the Technology-Organizations-People Tryptic

Ce document de synthèse présente et définit le terme socio-ergonomie, considéré comme un soutien sociologique, ontologique et méthodologique à l'intégration des systèmes humains (ISH). Il décrit l'évolution de l'ergonomie, des premières approches physiologiques aux sciences sociales contemporaines en passant par la psychologie, pour soutenir l'ingénierie des systèmes sociotechniques de l'industrie 4.0. Il présente une extension des niveaux de préparation technologique (TRL) aux niveaux de préparation organisationnelle (ORL) et un départ vers une approche socio-ergonomique qui inclut des propriétés systémiques telles que la flexibilité, la séparabilité et les faits sociaux émergents.This position paper introduces and coins the term socioergonomics, considered as a sociological, ontological and methodological support to human systems integration (HSI). It describes the evolution of ergonomics from early physiological to psychological to contemporary social sciences approaches supporting Industry 4.0 sociotechnical systems engineering. It presents a Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) extension to Organizational Readiness Levels (ORLs) and a departure toward a socioergonomics approach that includes systemic properties such as flexibility, separability and emergent social facts

Optimized synthesis of cost-effective, controllable oil system architectures for turbofan engines

Turbofan oil systems are used to provide lubrication and cooling in the engine . There is an increasing interest in oil system architectures which utilize electric pumps and/or valves to give optimized control of flows to individual oil chambers, leading to improved thermal management of oil and lubrication efficiency. The challenges here lie in the trade-off between increasing controllability and minimizing the addition of new components, which adds unwanted production and maintenance costs. This paper formulates the oil system architecture design as a constrained, multiobjective optimization problem. An architecture is described using a graph with nodes representing components and edges representing interconnections between components. A fixed set of nodes called the architecture template is provided as an input and the edges are optimized for a multicriteria objective function. A heuristic method for determining similarities between the different oil chamber flow requirements is presented. This is used in the optimization to evaluate the controllability objective based on the structure of the valve architecture. The methodology provides benefits to system designers by selecting cheaper architectures with fewer valves when the need to control oil chambers separately is small. The effect of manipulating the cost/controllability criteria weightings is investigated to show the impact on the resulting architecture

Monitoring Risk Response Actions for Effective Project Risk Management

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sys.20154Complex projects typically involve high-consequence, project-specific risks that require detailed analysis and for which risk response actions (RRAs) need to be developed and implemented. The risk picture is dynamic. The sources and consequences of risks evolve and change over the project lifecycle; thus, it is necessary to constantly monitor risk. RRAs that do not keep pace with the changing project situation are a major cause of risk management failures. This paper extends traditional cost risk analysis from a purely macroscopic perspective by evaluating and tracking project-specific risks and RRAs at the microscopic level. The key elements of the method are (i) develop risk scenarios, (ii) model them using generalized decision trees, and (iii) quantify the risks using Monte Carlo simulation. For each risk the probability and cost values are conditional on the specific RRA and the preceding outcomes. The use of fractional factorial design provides a subset of all possible RRA combinations for efficiently determining the preferred total project RRA solution. Risk curves are generated to provide the necessary information to analyze, track, and manage the performance of the selected RRAs over time. Project managers and team leaders can use this information to dynamically manage the RRAs to keep pace with the changing project situation, thereby increasing the probability of project success in a cost-effective manner. The approach is detailed using a realistic but simplified case of a project examined first with one and then expanded to three technical risks.The research presented in this paper was supported in part by the Acquisition Chair of the Graduate School of Business & Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School