Pengaruh Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Paklobutrazol Terhadap Mutu Lima Varietas Tanaman Krisan Pot (Chrysanthemum sp.)

Tanaman krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) adalah salah satu komoditas tanaman hias yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan estetika tinggi. Tanaman krisan banyak digemari karena bunganya yang indah. Kebutuhan krisan pot belum dapat terpenuhi baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitasnya, karena teknik budidaya yang belum optimal. Perbaikan dapat dilakukan dengan cara intensifikasi melalui aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh Paklobutrazol. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi paklobutrazol, jenis varietas dan interaksi terhadap mutu lima varietas krisan pot. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Desember 2018 sampai April 2019 di screenhouse Desa Mendongan, Kecamatan Sumowono, Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian paklobutrazol, 3 taraf yaitu 100 ppm, 200 ppm dan 300 ppm. Faktor kedua adalah varietas krisan pot, 5 jenis yaitu Super Red, Lolipop, Lolired, Jaguar Merah dan Kancing Pink. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), diameter batang (mm), luas daun (cm ), jumlah kuntum bunga, diameter bunga (cm) dan waktu muncul bakal bunga (hst). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian paklobutrazol menghambat tinggi tanaman dan mempercepat waktu muncul bakal bunga. Varietas krisan pot memberikan respon terhadap tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), diameter batang (mm), luas daun (cm 2 ), jumlah kuntum bunga, diameter bunga (cm) dan waktu muncul bakal bunga (hst). Hasil terbaik dari perlakuan konsentrasi paklobutrazol adalah 300 ppm, menghambat tinggi tanaman sehingga tinggi tanaman rendah dan membuat waktu muncul bakal bunga menjadi lebih cepat. Varietas Super Red variabel pengamatan terbaik pada tinggi tanaman dan waktu muncul bakal bunga, Varietas Kancing Pink pada variabel pengamatan jumlah daun dan jumlah kuntum bunga, Lolipop pada variabel pengamatan diameter batang dan luas daun, Jaguar Merah pada variabel pengamatan diameter bunga. Tidak ada interaksi antara konsentrasi paklobutrazol dan varietas krisan pot.

Insertion as an alternative to workfare: active labour market schemes in the Parisian suburbs

Many governments have tightened the link between welfare and work by attaching conditionality to out-of-work benefits, extending these requirements to new client groups, and imposing market competition and greater managerial control in service delivery – principles typically characterised as ‘workfare’. Based on field research in Seine-Saint-Denis, we examine French ‘insertion’ schemes aimed at disadvantaged but potentially job-ready clients, characterized by weak conditionality, low marketization, strong professional autonomy, and local network control. We show that insertion systems have resisted policy attempts to expand workfare derived principles, reflecting street-level actors’ belief in the key advantages of the former over the latter. In contrast with arguments stressing institutional and cultural stickiness, our explanation for this resistance thus highlights the decentralized network governance of front-line services and the limits to central government power

Childhood lead exposure in France: benefit estimation and partial cost-benefit analysis of lead hazard control

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lead exposure remains a public health concern due to its serious adverse effects, such as cognitive and behavioral impairment: children younger than six years of age being the most vulnerable population. In Europe, the lead-related economic impacts have not been examined in detail. We estimate the annual costs in France due to childhood exposure and, through a cost benefit analysis (CBA), aim to assess the expected social and economic benefits of exposure abatement.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Monetary benefits were assessed in terms of avoided national costs. We used results from a 2008 survey on blood-lead (B-Pb) concentrations in French children aged one to six years old. Given the absence of a threshold concentration being established, we performed a sensitivity analysis assuming different hypothetical threshold values for toxicity above 15 μg/L, 24 μg/L and 100 μg/L. Adverse health outcomes of lead exposure were translated into social burden and economic costs based on literature data from literature. Direct health benefits, social benefits and intangible avoided costs were included. Costs of pollutant exposure control were partially estimated in regard to homes lead-based paint decontamination, investments aiming at reducing industrial lead emissions and removal of all lead drinking water pipes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The following overall annual benefits for the three hypothetical thresholds values in 2008 are: €22.72 billion, €10.72 billion and €0.44 billion, respectively. Costs from abatement ranged from €0.9 billion to 2.95 billion/year. Finally, from a partial CBA of lead control in soils and dust the estimates of total net benefits were € 3.78 billion, € 1.88 billion and €0.25 billion respectively for the three hypothesized B-Pb effect values.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Prevention of childhood lead exposure has a high social benefit, due to reduction of B-Pb concentrations to levels below 15 μg/L or 24 μg/L, respectively. Reducing only exposures above 100 μg/L B-Pb has little economic impact due to the small number of children who now exhibit such high exposure levels. Prudent public policies would help avoiding future medical interventions, limit the need for special education and increase future productivity, and hence lifetime income for children exposed to lead.</p

Summary data ankylosing spondylitis GWAS

Summary of association tests for Nature Genetics publication "Identification of multiple risk variants for ankylosing spondylitis through high-density genotyping of immune-related loci"