34 research outputs found
Aspirations to become an anaesthetist: longitudinal study of historical trends and trajectories of UK-qualified doctors’ early career choices and of factors that have influenced their choices
Fructooligosacharides Reduce Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Pathogenicity through Distinct Mechanisms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is ubiquitously present in the environment and acts as an opportunistic pathogen on humans,
animals and plants. We report here the effects of the prebiotic polysaccharide inulin and its hydrolysed form FOS on this
bacterium. FOS was found to inhibit bacterial growth of strain PAO1, while inulin did not affect growth rate or yield in a
significant manner. Inulin stimulated biofilm formation, whereas a dramatic reduction of the biofilm formation was
observed in the presence of FOS. Similar opposing effects were observed for bacterial motility, where FOS inhibited the
swarming and twitching behaviour whereas inulin caused its stimulation. In co-cultures with eukaryotic cells (macrophages)
FOS and, to a lesser extent, inulin reduced the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-
a
. Western blot
experiments indicated that the effects mediated by FOS in macrophages are associated with a decreased activation of the
NF-
k
B pathway. Since FOS and inulin stimulate pathway activation in the absence of bacteria, the FOS mediated effect is
likely to be of indirect nature, such as via a reduction of bacterial virulence. Further, this modulatory effect is observed also
with the highly virulent ptxS mutated strain. Co-culture experiments of P. aeruginosa with IEC18 eukaryotic cells showed
that FOS reduces the concentration of the major virulence factor, exotoxin A, suggesting that this is a possible mechanism
for the reduction of pathogenicity. The potential of these compounds as components of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory
cocktails is discussed.The authors acknowledge financial support from FEDER funds and Fondo Social Europeo through grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants SAF2011-22922, SAF2011-22812) the Andalusian regional government Junta de AndalucÃa (grant CVI-7335) and the Centre of Networked
Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd) which is funded by the Carlos III Health Institute and the Ramón Areces Foundation, Spain
Prevalência de Cryptosporidium sp. em cães de instituições da cidade de São Paulo
WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients
In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.Peer reviewe
WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients
Evaluation of needs and treatment benefits in outpatient care for leg ulcer patients: a pilot study
Food Safety Standards and Market Regulations as Elements of CompetitionnCase Studies from China's International Trade
The influence of chronic kidney disease on the duration of hospitalisation and transfusion rate after elective hip and knee arthroplasty
The use of enoxaparin to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy: feasibility and utility
OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of enoxaparin in prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in men poorly compliant with pneumatic compression stockings (PCS) in the immediate postoperative period after a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 47 men who underwent RP at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. All patients were started on enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneously 6-8 hours postoperatively and daily while hospitalized. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. Median follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS: Median patient age was 64 ± 7 years, median prostate-specific antigen level was 4.9 ng/mL and median prostate biopsy-determined Gleason score was 6. Forty-one men (87%) underwent a pelvic lymph node dissection. Median operative time was 181 minutes (range 164-450 minutes). Median estimated blood loss was 700 mL. Approximately 36% of the men wore PCS the recommended > 19 hours/day. On average PCS were worn 10.3 ± 7.5 hours/day. Postoperative complications were not increased in this cohort. Two patients developed pulmonary embolism requiring long-term anticoagulation. There were no mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: In men non-compliant with PCS, initiation of enoxaparin in the immediate postoperative setting was well-tolerated and maintained a low (4%) rate of VTE. Thus, enoxaparin may be useful in adjunct with PCS in these patients