The role of green management in conserving the earth's biodiversity

The scientific paper presents the authors' research on the aspects of nature and process of forming a new direction in the management system of sustainable development - green management. This direction which has recently become quite popular has been declared as a new priority in the implementation of large projects. But so far there is no practice of implementation and regulatory approval of this concept. It is generally accepted that green management is based on the principles of a lean or green economy and harmless attitude to the natural environment. From the authors' point of view, this concept should be interpreted slightly broader, since regular monitoring of the state of the environment should be based, among other things, on the introduction and wide spread of information technologies into the management system. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

СIРА УКРАЇНСЬКА ПОРОДА ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ

Grey Ukrainian breed is the hallmark of Ukraine, it takes first places in most world–known magazines (Ukrainian Grey cattle), and so the study of genetic characteristics of this breed can not be avoided. It was used as a traction force –oxen. Chumaky selected mainly large and fast gray oxen which could endure long trips with a large load even without proper feed. The genetic structure was evaluated by genetically determined polymorphism of groups of genetic and biochemical systems. Experiments conducted on red blood cells and plasma. The blood of animals taken from the jugular vein in a test tube with heparin. Polymorphism of proteins and enzymes evaluated using the method of electrophoretic separation of proteins in starch gel in horizontal cells followed by histochemical staining. Breed is in balanced state in accordance to law Hardi–Weinberg (P – 0,335–0,571 for this law). Heterozygote for this species is rather low – 11,89. This suggests its relatively low genetic variability. Research performed at the appropriate level and therefore no major differences between previously conducted investigations for this breed.  Серая украинская порода является визиткой Украины. Она занимает первое место в мировых каталогах (Ukrainian Grey cattle) в украинском разделе, поэтому изучение генетических особенностей этой породы нельзя игнорировать. С исторических источников известно, что эта порода использовалась и как тягловая сила – волы. Чумаки отбирали в основном крупных и быстроходячих серых волов, которые легко, и к тому же на подножном корме, могли переносить долгие переходы с большим грузом.Генетическую структуру оценивали по генетически детерминированому полиморфизму групп генетико–биохимических систем. Исследования проводили на эритроцитах и плазме крови. Кровь у животных брали из яремной вены в пробирку с гепарином. Полиморфизм белков и ферментов оценивали по методу електрофоретического розделения белков в крохмальном геле в горизонтальной камере с последующей гистохимической окраской. Порода находится в уравновешенном состоянии согласно с законом Харди–Вайнберга (Р – 0,335–0,571 для этого закона). Гетерозиготность для этой породы низкая и составляет – 11,89. Это говорит об её относительно низкой генетической изменчивости. Исследования проведены на хорошем уровне и поэтому нет больших расхождений с предыдущими исследованиями для этой породы.Сiра українська порода є візитною карткою України. Вона займає перше місце в більшості світових каталогів (Ukrainian Grey cattle) в українському розділі, тому вивчення генетичних особливостей цієї породи оминути неможливо. З історичних джерел відомо, що цю породу використовували і як тягову силу – волів. Чумаки відбирали переважно великих i швидких у ході сірих волів, які легко, i до того ж на пiднiжних кормах, могли переносити тривалі поїздки з великим вантажем. Генетичну структуру оцінювали за генетично детермінованим поліморфізмом груп генетико–біохімічних систем. Досліди проводились на еритроцитах і плазмі крові. Кров у тварин брали з яремної вени в пробірку з гепарином. Поліморфізм білків та ферментів оцінювали, застосовуючи метод електрофоретичного розділення білків у крохмальному гелі в горизонтальних камерах з подальшим гістохімічним фарбуванням. Порода знаходиться у врiвноваженому стані вiдповiдно до закону Хардi–Вайнберга (Р – 0,335–0,571 для цього закону). Гетерозиготнiсть для даної породи досить низька i становить – 11,89. Це говорить про її вiдносно низьку генетичну мiнливiсть. Дослiдження виконані на належному рiвнi i тому немає великих розбiжностей з попередньо проведеними дослiдженнями для даної породи. &nbsp

Динаміка вмісту імуноглобулінів у сироватці крові поросят за дії імуностимулювальних засобів

Inconsistency in housing and feeding conditions, production stress, a combination of environmental factors, and technological solutions reduce the protective properties of the animal body, which often leads to a decrease in their productive properties. The work aimed to investigate changes in indicators of the humoral protection factor, in particular, the quantitative composition of immunoglobulins M, G, and A in the body of young pigs under the influence of immunostimulating agents Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start, which include specific Ig Y. To perform this task in the conditions of the private farm of FG PE "Glynyany Agro" of Lviv region, Zolochiv district, which uses a single-phase method of raising pigs, a study was conducted with the involvement of 36 piglets-analogues of crossbreeds of the Great White and Landrace breeds, which were formed into three groups of 12 animals each. Piglets of the control group were fed feed of a standard diet. The piglets of the first experimental group were orally administered 2 ml/g of Globigen®Pig Doser during the first three days after birth. Then, according to the technology, they consumed the feed prescribed in the diet. The piglets of the second experimental group were given Globigen®Jump Start, which was mixed with the feed of the basic ration in the amount of 2 kg per ton of feed and, starting from the age of 7 days, was fed to the piglets according to the technology. It was established that the use of immunostimulating agents was characterized by an increase in Ig G and Ig A in the blood serum of piglets in the most critical period of their lives. Thus, in the blood serum of 30-day-old piglets under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser, with a high level of probability (Р < 0.01), an increase of this class of antibodies to the level of 13.47 mg/ml was detected, with the use of Globigen® Jump Start, this indicator reached the mark 12.51 mg/ml. Since this period, colostral immunity, represented by placental immunoglobulins of class G and colostrum immunoglobulins of class A, is already exhausted; we assume that the formation of the body's immune response of young pigs has begun. We believe that the increase in the content of class A immunoglobulins, most likely the secretory form of the piglets themselves, when using Globigen® Jump Start, which reached the mark of 1.48 mg/ml, indicates the formation of immune resistance mechanisms. The effectiveness, specificity, and mechanism of action of these agents is based on the ability of their components, particularly Ig Y, to bind to pathogens or their fragments, to neutralize and safely remove them from the body, which helps to increase the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. The obtained research results confirm the practicality of using Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start immunostimulants during single-phase rearing of piglets to increase the level of non-specific resistance and obtain healthy young animals with a high level of viability.Невідповідність умов утримання та годівлі, виробничі стреси, сукупність факторів навколишнього середовища та технологічних рішень знижують захисні властивості організму тварин, що нерідко призводить до зниження їх продуктивних властивостей. Метою роботи було дослідити зміни показників гуморального фактору захисту, зокрема кількісного складу імуноглобулінів M, G, А організму молодняку свиней за дії імуностимулювальних засобів Globigen® Pig Doser та Globigen® Jump Start, до складу яких входить специфічний Ig Y. Для виконання даного завдання в умовах приватного господарства ФГ ПП “Глиняни Агро” Львівської області Золочівського району, в якому використовується однофазний спосіб вирощування свиней, проведено дослідження із залученням 36 поросят-аналогів помісі порід Великої білої та Ландрас, які були сформовані у 3 групи по 12 тварин у кожній. Поросятам контрольної групи згодовували корм стандартного раціону. Поросятам першої дослідної групи протягом перших трьох діб після народження перорально задавали по 2 мл/гол засобу Globigen®Pig Doser, а потім, згідно з технологією, вони споживали передбачені раціоном корми. Поросятам другої дослідної групи задавали Globigen®Jump Start, який змішували з кормами основного раціону в кількості 2 кг на тонну корму і, починаючи із 7-денного віку, згодовували поросятам згідно з технологією. Встановлено, що застосування імуностимулювальних засобів характеризувалось зростанням вмісту Ig G та Ig А в сироватці крові поросят у найкритичніший період їхнього життя. Так, у сироватці крові 30-добових поросят за дії Globigen® Pig Doser з високим рівнем вірогідності (Р < 0,01) виявлено зростання цього класу антитіл до рівня 13,47 мг/мл, за використання Globigen® Jump Start цей показник сягнув позначки 12,51 мг/мл. Оскільки в цей період колостральний імунітет, який представлений плацентарними імуноглобулінами класу G та молозивними імуноглобулінами класу А, вже вичерпується, припускаємо, що почалось формування власної імунної відповіді організму молодняку свиней. Вважаємо, що збільшення вмісту імуноглобулінів класу А, найімовірніше секреторної форми організму самих поросят, за використання Globigen® Jump Start, який сягнув позначки 1,48 мг/мл, вказує на формування механізмів імунного опору. Ефективність, специфічність та механізм дії даних засобів ґрунтується на здатності їх складників, зокрема Ig Y, зв’язуючись із патогенами або їхніми фрагментами, нейтралізувати та безпечно виводити з організму, що сприяє збільшенню бар’єрної функцію слизової оболонки кишківника. Одержані результати досліджень підтверджують доцільність застосування імуностимулювальних засобів Globigen® Pig Doser та Globigen® Jump Start за однофазного вирощування поросят для підвищення рівня неспецифічної резистентності та одержання здорового молодняку з високим рівнем життєздатності

Diagnostic Utility of Genome-wide DNA Methylation Testing in Genetically Unsolved Individuals with Suspected Hereditary Conditions.

Conventional genetic testing of individuals with neurodevelopmental presentations and congenital anomalies (ND/CAs), i.e., the analysis of sequence and copy number variants, leaves a substantial proportion of them unexplained. Some of these cases have been shown to result from DNA methylation defects at a single locus (epi-variants), while others can exhibit syndrome-specific DNA methylation changes across multiple loci (epi-signatures). Here, we investigate the clinical diagnostic utility of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood in unresolved ND/CAs. We generate a computational model enabling concurrent detection of 14 syndromes using DNA methylation data with full accuracy. We demonstrate the ability of this model in resolving 67 individuals with uncertain clinical diagnoses, some of whom had variants of unknown clinical significance (VUS) in the related genes. We show that the provisional diagnoses can be ruled out in many of the case subjects, some of whom are shown by our model to have other diseases initially not considered. By applying this model to a cohort of 965 ND/CA-affected subjects without a previous diagnostic assumption and a separate assessment of rare epi-variants in this cohort, we identify 15 case subjects with syndromic Mendelian disorders, 12 case subjects with imprinting and trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders, as well as 106 case subjects with rare epi-variants, a portion of which involved genes clinically or functionally linked to the subjects\u27 phenotypes. This study demonstrates that genomic DNA methylation analysis can facilitate the molecular diagnosis of unresolved clinical cases and highlights the potential value of epigenomic testing in the routine clinical assessment of ND/CAs

Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases.

Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a group of devastating genetic disorders, resulting in early-onset, therapy-resistant seizures and developmental delay. Here we report on 22 individuals from 15 families presenting with a severe form of intractable epilepsy, severe developmental delay, progressive microcephaly, visual disturbance and similar minor dysmorphisms. Whole exome sequencing identified a recurrent, homozygous variant (chr2:64083454A > G) in the essential UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP2) gene in all probands. This rare variant results in a tolerable Met12Val missense change of the longer UGP2 protein isoform but causes a disruption of the start codon of the shorter isoform, which is predominant in brain. We show that the absence of the shorter isoform leads to a reduction of functional UGP2 enzyme in neural stem cells, leading to altered glycogen metabolism, upregulated unfolded protein response and premature neuronal differentiation, as modeled during pluripotent stem cell differentiation in vitro. In contrast, the complete lack of all UGP2 isoforms leads to differentiation defects in multiple lineages in human cells. Reduced expression of Ugp2a/Ugp2b in vivo in zebrafish mimics visual disturbance and mutant animals show a behavioral phenotype. Our study identifies a recurrent start codon mutation in UGP2 as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive DEE syndrome. Importantly, it also shows that isoform-specific start-loss mutations causing expression loss of a tissue-relevant isoform of an essential protein can cause a genetic disease, even when an organism-wide protein absence is incompatible with life. We provide additional examples where a similar disease mechanism applies

Evaluation of DNA Methylation Episignatures for Diagnosis and Phenotype Correlations in 42 Mendelian Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Genetic syndromes frequently present with overlapping clinical features and inconclusive or ambiguous genetic findings which can confound accurate diagnosis and clinical management. An expanding number of genetic syndromes have been shown to have unique genomic DNA methylation patterns (called episignatures ). Peripheral blood episignatures can be used for diagnostic testing as well as for the interpretation of ambiguous genetic test results. We present here an approach to episignature mapping in 42 genetic syndromes, which has allowed the identification of 34 robust disease-specific episignatures. We examine emerging patterns of overlap, as well as similarities and hierarchical relationships across these episignatures, to highlight their key features as they are related to genetic heterogeneity, dosage effect, unaffected carrier status, and incomplete penetrance. We demonstrate the necessity of multiclass modeling for accurate genetic variant classification and show how disease classification using a single episignature at a time can sometimes lead to classification errors in closely related episignatures. We demonstrate the utility of this tool in resolving ambiguous clinical cases and identification of previously undiagnosed cases through mass screening of a large cohort of subjects with developmental delays and congenital anomalies. This study more than doubles the number of published syndromes with DNA methylation episignatures and, most significantly, opens new avenues for accurate diagnosis and clinical assessment in individuals affected by these disorders

Research methods of simulate digital compensators and autonomous control systems

The peculiarity of the present stage of development of the production is the need to control and regulate a large number of process parameters, the mutual influence on each other that when using single-circuit systems significantly reduces the quality of the transition process, resulting in significant costs of raw materials and energy, reduce the quality of the products. Using a stand-alone digital control system eliminates the correlation of technological parameters, to give the system the desired dynamic and static properties, improve the quality of regulation. However, the complexity of the configuration and implementation of procedures (modeling) compensators autonomous systems of this type, associated with the need to perform a significant amount of complex analytic transformation significantly limit the scope of their application. In this regard, the approach based on the decompo sition proposed methods of calculation and simulation (realization), consisting in submitting elements autonomous control part digital control system in a series parallel connection. The above theoretical study carried out in a general way for any dimension systems. The results of computational experiments, obtained during the simulation of the four autonomous control systems, comparative analysis and conclusions on the effectiveness of the use of each of the methods. The results obtained can be used in the development of multi-dimensional process control systems

Evaluating the effects of black pepper and white vinegar on E. coli K12 in round steak

Introduction: Escherichia Coli is one of the most well-known pathogens due to its persistence even in modern countries. Raw or undercooked meat possess one of the greater opportunities for infection. Safe at-home procedures to decontaminate meat becomes necessary to reduce E. Coli prevalence. Effective procedures that do not hinder quality are ideal solutions. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if application of vinegar or pepper hindered and/or reduced the presence of E. Coli on whole beef. Methods: McConkey, PDA, and PCA plates were used to detect amount of E. Coli, Yeast and Molds, and total microbial colonies. 4 samples of whole muscle beef were used. 3 were inoculated with 300ul of E. Coli and the 4th was kept as a negative control. One inoculated sample was the positive control and the remaining two were exposed to either 250ml of white vinegar or 5g of pepper. 10g samples were taken from each piece of beef and sampled over the course of 7 days for growth. Results: Of the two treatments, vinegar showed a statistically significant reduction in E. Coli, yeast, and mold growth. The reduction occurred within the first 24 hours of treatment and then maintained itself throughout the remainder of the experiment. Pepper showed no significant reduction in E. Coli growth. Significance: The results of this study suggest that a piece of whole muscle beef marinated with vinegar for as little as 24 hours significantly decreases the likelihood of E. Coli infection. This allows for, when using a white vinegar marinade, the safe consumption of undercook or contaminated meat